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S , ef ik eaiit H \ ‘i A KL aT i K a AT WW - fll Hi j i eg Ht H alk Ain At HN ih i Maal AN A 1 f ii th Ai\cAPNOA \\ ee Fear f 1 H i Heed LN i Aah Ab ANH I i i j HAN ar ef) rea f Ninel aS LO ft Ni ae i\ \ + ‘ i} (a ‘ Hi s/f Fh ett NS oa Noy Y ; Nii IAA AN AANA ING et 1 As \ | Ne Nd LW Nad 1d Na \ AAI ed NS i vi } mn cia Ss WNey - - = \ N= Ve JAN i a i ofl i i} \ NG) = ) J {\\s i | ALAS E : f effi\ VU Y 7 \ i ) ’ | | : he , S Ai A A\\New Ai : Itt att ae De Dad re i ie IW . | Se ray Gr oe CLG he) Clem we eh Ae Ae, 5 - An H F aed CO || aay he AN H SAC, } i i Hi i t : r *] ooo) A Vea Oks \ wy bs , Pt Ae a rer West aaitea i\. W Os Wi eee i ; a \ . Cine. f et ae ae ane Hf ne IMM See tdi keh ; BAER PTS aga vi% ; A 2 i ee {eae | ag : te ith Th AAR AAS : Sy f Nad odd WaT ed VAS © HORS es Cmvieeia) iWwiwisiyi< « q i ef } y a i a i f } se ‘i / ; J ti \v Vy wiv aa) PZ F ¥ . i vw vy f y Vick hae ee eee Bete eer eae. JW SSMU RCE MeN ria Th Wed he aoe : Ae MINING hie wa NSA & Nee al ay ~— hee he iy es Kt ae ean oe NOE FW Ni Vv AV) IVICA, ee Bi eaeraho ais Ih d . | | BrP Cy sshd wadoegys RADU chee ee ISOS] Oh wd CAO) RCE ING See Taw w, \ WEN en if £ ; ‘ iN it} if \ A i Wie eimiaien \ MIMS RE AO A A Ae tee) | eee | ars sv << he Voy S e * “ Ju BP beat A" Pa 4 2 © — SMITHSONIAN ———MISCELLANKOUS COLLECTIONS. “EVERY MAN IS A VALUABLE MEMBER OF SOCTETY WHO BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCHES, AND EXPERIMENTS PROCURES KNOWLEDGE FOR MEN.’’—SMITHSON. WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 1873. CONTENTS. Advertisement . ARTICLE I. Tue Moutvsxs or Western Norra AMERICA. By Pump P. Carpenter, B.A., Ph.D. Embracing the Second Report made to the British Association on this subject, with other papers ; reprinted by per- mission, with a General Index. December, 1872. Pp. 446. ARTICLE Il. ARRANGEMENT OF THE Famitres or Motiusks. Pre- pared for the Smithsonian Institution by THEODORE Git, M.D., Ph.D. February, 1871. Pp. 65. ARTICLE III. INSTRUCTIONS FOR OBSERVATIONS OF THUNDER STORMS. By Prof. Josepa HENRY. IP, Ite ARTICLE IV. CircULAR RELATIVE TO Heicurs. By Prof. JosEPpH Henry. Pp. 2. ARTICLE VV. Drrecrions FOR CONSTRUCTING Licutninc-Rops. By Prof. JosepH Henry. Pp. 3. ARTICLE VI. QUERIES RELATIVE TO TornapoEs. By Prof. JosePH Henry. Pp. 4. ARTICLE VII. QuESTIONS RELATIVE TO THE Foop FisHes oF THE UNI- rep States. By Prof. 5. F. Barrp. Pp. 7. ARTICLE VIII. MemorANDA OF INQUIRY RELATIVE TO THE Foop FIsHES or tHE Unitep Srarss. By Prof. 8. F. Barb. Pp. 5. ARTICLE IX. List or THE INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, COLLEGES, AND orner ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES IN CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. July, 1872. Pp. 255. ARTICLE X. List or FoREIGN CoRRESPONDENTS OF THE SMITHSONIAN Institution. Corrected to January, 1872. [Fourth Edition.] April, 1872. Pp. 96. ARTICLE XI. Cuecx List oF PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN In- grituTion, Juny, 1872. Pp. 22. PAGE S Wills ADVERTISEMENT. THE present series, entitled ‘‘Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- lections,” is intended to embrace all the publications issued directly by the Smithsonian Institution in octavo form ; those in quarto con- stituting the “Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.” The quarto series includes memoirs embracing the records of extended original investigations and researches resulting in what are be- lieved to be new truths, and constituting positive additions to the sum of human knowledge. The octavo series is designed to con- tain reports on the present state of our knowledge of particular branches of science : instructions for collecting and digesting facts and materials for research: lists and synopses of species of the organic and inorganic world: museum catalogues: reports of ex- plorations : aids to bibliographical investigations, etc., generally prepared at the express request of the Institution, and at its expense. The position of a work in one or the other of the two series will sometimes depend upon whether the required illustrations can be presented more conveniently in the quarto or the octavo form. In the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, as well as in the present series, each article is separately paged and indexed, and the actual date of its publication is that given on its special title- page, and not that of the volume in which it is placed. In many cases, works have been published, and largely distributed, years before their combination into volumes. While due care is taken on the part of the Smithsonian Insti- tution to insure a proper standard of excellence in its publications, it will be readily understood that it cannot hold itself responsible for the facts and conclusions of the authors, as it is impossible in most cases to verify their statements. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary S. I. ( vii ) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. ——_—__—_— 9§3 ——__ THE MOLLUSKS Or WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. BY PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu.D. EMBRACING THE SECOND REPORT MADE TO THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION ON THIS SUBJECT, WITH OTHER PAPERS; REPRINTED BY PERMISSION, WITH A GENERAL INDEX. WASHINGTON: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DECEMBER, 1872. ADVERTISEMENT. THE opportunity afforded by Mr. Carpenter’s visit in 1859-60 to the United States, was embraced to secure his services in naming and arranging the shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition and other parties on the Pacific Coast of North America. Mr. Carpenter, having previoysly presented to the British Association a report on the state of knowledge in regard to the mollusks of the west coast of North America, embodied the additional information which he obtained, chiefly through the Smithsonian Institution, in a second report to the same Association ; and now, in order to facilitate the study of this class of animals by the American student, this work is re- published with supplementary papers, from stereotype copies of the original pages. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary S. I. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Wasuineton, November, 1872. PHILADELPHIA: COLLINS, PRINTER, eee So eds os PAGE Advertisement ° . ‘< 5 . . . ii Tatcoduction rw oie: S : ss ; % a List OF PAPERS REPRINTED IN THIS VOLUME . S . ee ce Oe NOT REPRINTED IN THIS VOLUME . - ° . xi ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF SPECIES ° . : 3 Sa tele INTRODUCTION. Arter the publication of my first ‘Report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America,” undertaken at the request of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and printed in their Report for 1856, I visited America in order to arrange the first duplicate series of the great Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Shells which I had presented to the New York State Museum at Albany. It was one of the special objects of my visit to ex- amine the types of previously described species in the United States, that I might compare them with those known in England. Having visited Washington to examine the types of the United States Exploring Expedition (Wilkes’), I was requested to spend the winter of 1859-60 in unpacking and arranging the shells belonging to the National Museum under its charge; and after my return to England I received from time to time the various collections sent to the Institution from the West Coast as they arrived; all of these were duly compared with the types in the Cumingian and other British collections. Being thus in a position to correct a large number of unavoid- able errors in my first Report, and to add a great deal of fresh information from American sources (chiefly obtained through the Smithsonian Institution), I was requested by the British Asso- ciation to embody the material in a “Supplementary Report” on the same subject as the first. Knowing how difficult it is for American students to obtain access to serial publications, I ob- tained permission, in behalf of the Institution, to stereotype this second report, and the papers connected with it, which appeared in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” the “ Annals and Magazine of Natural History,” and the “Journal de Conchy- liologie.” C~) vi INTRODUCTION. The present volume consists, therefore, of a reprint from these stereotype plates, with the original paging at the top, and the Smithsonian paging at the bottom; and of a general index of species. The index was prepared (at the expense of the Smithsonian Institution) by Mr. E. Taylor, Student at McGill College. It includes not only the present volume but all my previous English publications on the subject, of which the principal are the First British Association Report and the British Museum Mazatlan Catalogue. All references to these works not reprinted have the page-number prefixed by a Roman Capital (O to X), by which they can be at once distinguished from the simple num- bers which refer to the foot-page in this volume. Students who want an index to the First Report will fix the eye on the initial O; to the Mazatlan Catalogue on P. In an accompanying list will be found an enumeration of all my papers published in European journals relative to American conchology, and for the most part reprinted in the present col- lection. In this, however, is not included any of the contribu- tions to American serials, as the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Proceedings of the Cali- fornia Academy, or the American Journal of Conchology. My principal object in the preparation of these works has been to make out and compare the writings of previous naturalists, so that it might be possible for succeeding students to begin where I left off, without being obliged to waste so large an amount of time as I have been compelled to do in analyzing the (often inac- curate) work of their predecessors. As the work of previous writers, whether satisfactory or other- wise, is duly tabulated in my Reports, so that others may judge of its value as well as J, it is not fair (as is often done) to quote from these Reports as on my authority. I was simply the his- torian, not the original writer. In the First Report I was a novice in the scientific world, and rarely ventured on criticisms ; in the second, I allowed myself with more confidence to state my own conclusions, because I found that others had not enjoyed the remarkable facilities of comparing types which fell to my lot, and which (in many instances) cannot be renewed. Since that time, Nuttall, Gould, Rich, Judge Cooper, and especially Hugh Cuming, have been called to another world; their collections INTRODUCTION. Vil have changed hands, and fresh causes of error have crept in. The present condition of the Cumingian Collection has been faithfully described by Dr. Gray in the Proceedings of the Zoological So- ciety; and those who will take the trouble to compare his review of the Calyptrxide, after the destruction of original labels conse- quent on Reeve’s Monograph, with that which I gave in the Mazatlan Catalogue, while these labels were still fixed to the shells, will appreciate the advantages which I formerly enjoyed. Readers who may discover any uncorrected errors in this volume, or in any of my other works, are urgently requested to apprise me of them (Box 1934 P. O., Montreal, C. E.), in order that they may be corrected in the Report of the Mollusca which Prof. Whitney has requested me to prepare for the Cali- fornia Geological Survey. PHILIP P. CARPENTER. MontrEAL, July 17, 1872. ty LIST OF PAPERS ON AMERICAN MOLLUSCA PUBLISHED IN EUROPEAN WORKS BY Pp. P. CARPENTER. REPRINTED. ses Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America. Page 1.’ From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, for 1863, pp. 517—686. Published in August, 1864. Extra copies, with title-page, dated 1864. B: Review of Prof. C. B. Adams’ ‘‘Catalogue of the Shells of Pan- ama,” from the Type Specimens. Page 173. From the Proceedings of the Zovdlogical Society of London, June 23, 1863, pp. 339—369. C. Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusks collected at Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. By Mr. J. Xantus. Page 207. From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol. XIII, pp. 311—315, April, 1864. Ibid. (Nos. 15—36) pp. 474—479, June, 1864. Ibid. Vol. XIV. (Nos. 37—52), pp. 45— 49, July, 1864. D. Contributions towards a Monograph of the Pandoride. Page 223. From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 596— 603, November 22, 1864. 1 The references are to the bottom paging. (ix ) x LIST OF PAPERS. E. Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver Dis- trict. Page 233. From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol. XIV. (Nos. 5—37), pp. 423—429, December, 1864. Ibid. Vol. XV. (Nos. 37—56), pp. 28—32, January, 1865. if Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver Dis- trict. Page 247. From the Proceedings of the Zoélogical Society of London, pp. 201— 204, February 14, 1865. G Diagnoses of New Species and a New Genus of Mollusks, from the Reigen Mazatlan Collection; with an Account of Addi- tional Specimens presented to the British Museum. Page 253. From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 268—273, March 14, 1865. : EH, Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Chitonide and Acmeide, from the Panama Collection of the late Prof. C. B. Adams. Page 263. From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 274—277, March 14, 1865 i. Diagnoses of New Species of Mollusks, from the West Tropical Region of North America, principally collected by the Rev. J. Rowell, of San Francisco. Page 269 From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 278—282, March 14, 1865. K: Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca, from the West coast of North America, first collected by Col. E. Jewett. . Page 277. From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol. XV., pp. 177—182 (Nos. 373—386), March, 1865. Ibid. pp. 394—399 (Mangelia variegata to end), May, 1865. LIST OF PAPERS. xi ie Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusea, collected by Col. E. Jewett, on the West Tropical shores of North America. Page 291. From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series Vol. XV., pp. 399—400, May, 1865. M. Diagnoses des Mollusques nouveaux provenant de Californie et faisant partie du Musée de |’Institution Smithsonienne. Page 297. From the Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. XII. (Third Series, Vol. V.) pp. 129—149, April, 1865. IN. On the Pleistocene Fossils collected by Col. E. Jewett, at Santa Barbara, California; with Descriptions of New Species. Page 319. From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Third Series, Vol. XVII., pp. 274—278, April, 1866. NOT REPRINTED, O. Report ou the Present State of our Knowledge with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America. From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, for 1856, pp. 159—368. Published in 1857. Extra copies with title-page, list of plates with references to figures (4 pages), dated 1857. Not reprinted, but referred to under ‘‘O” in the general index. P. Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca in the British Museum. Each sheet dated: July, 1855—June, 1857. The Bryozoa, by G. Busk, Esq. Printed by order of the Trustees at the Oberlin Press, Warrington. 552 pp. First Edition, with Preface as arranged by Dr. J. E. Gray, on sale at the British Museum, price 8s. Second Edition, with Author’s Preface, accompanying dupli- cate collections of the shells, published simultaneously. xii LIST OF PAPERS. NOT REPRINTED (continued). Q. Descriptions of (supposed) New Species and Varieties of Shells, from the Californian and West Mexican Coasts, principally in the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proceedings Zodlogical Society, Part xxiii, 1855, pp. 228—235. 3 Notes on the Species of Mipponyx inhabiting the American Coasts, with Descriptions of New Species. Ditto, Part xxiv, 1856, pp. 3—5. S. Description of New Species of Shells collected by Mr. T. Bridges in the Bay of Panama and its vicinity, in the Collec- tion of Hugh Cuming, Esq. Ditto, pp. 159—166. -. Description of New Species and Varieties of Calyptreide, Tro- chide and Pyramidellide, principally in the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. [From American and other seas. ] Ditto, pp. 166—171. 1 Oe Descriptions of Shells from the Gulf of California, and the Pa- cific Coasts of Mexico and California, Part Il. By A. A. Gould, M.D., and Philip P. Carpenter. Ditto, pp. 198—208. Vi: Monograph of the Shells collected by T. Nuttall, Esq., on the Californian Coast, in the years 1834-5, Ditto, pp. 209—229. W., First Steps towards a Monograph of the Recent Species of Petalo-. conchus, a genus of Vermetide. Ditto, pp. 313—317. (With wood-cuts.) xe First Steps towards a Monograph of the Cecide, a Family of the Rostriferous Gasteropoda.” [Chiefly from the American seas. ] Ditto, Part xxvi, 1858, pp. 413—444, SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT ON THE PRESENT STATE OF OUR KNOWLEDGE WITH REGARD TO THE MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. BY PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu. D. From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, for 1863, pp. 517—686. Published in August, 1864, Extra copies, with title-page, dated 1864. Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America, By Puitre P. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D.* THE object of the present Report is (1) to correct the errors which have been observed in the first Report (‘‘ Report &c.” 1856, pp. 159-368); and (2) to point out the fresh sources of information which have been rendered avail- able since that period. For convenience of comparison, the paragraph num- _ bers refer to those of the first Report in the corrections, and are continued from them in the addenda. In the bibliographical portion, the criticisms by the writer of this Report are inserted in [ ]; a distinction not always attended to in the former volume, in consequence of which erroneous names and local- ities have been attributed to the reviewer, instead of to the authors quoted. 22. Introduction —(Line 4 from bottom.) The river Willamette flows northwards (Gld.). : 23. Early Writers ——The only Californian shell described by Linnzeus is Turbo sanguineus,=T. coccineus, Desh.; v. Hanl. Ips. Linn. Conch. p. 334. The types are too much worn to decide whether they came from the North Pacific or (as is more probable) from the Mediterranean. In Gmelin’s edition of Linneus, Zipsix, 1788-1790,—which is, in great measure, a translation from a German work published a few years in advance [teste Hanley],—the following species are assigned to the ‘“ West Coast of America,” probably on the authority of Martyn :——page 3529, Murex foliatus : 3702, Patella pecten : 3712, Patella calyptra. The last two seem exotic. Many West-coast species had found their way into English collections during the last century, at a much earlier date than was expected at the time of the first Report. They were mainly derived from the voyages of Capt. Cook and other circumnavigators. Capt. Cook was accompanied by Solander, as naturalist, at the instance of Sir Joseph Banks. His shells passed into the hands of Mr. Humphrey, the dealer, at whose death the remainder, a thousand boxes, became the property of the elder Sowerby, and (in part) of Mawe [teste Hanley]. They took their chance of being figured or described by the early conchologists. The localities are (as might be expected) often interchanged, but have been quoted by later authors, who have not thought fit to avail themselves of more correct sources of information. The first accurate delineations are by Thomas Martyn, in his ‘ Universal Conchologist,’ London, 1784. Those who only know this book from Chenu’s reprint, Paris, 1845, can form but a poor idea of the exquisite beauty of the original work. Of this, very few copies are accessible ; but it may be consulted at the British Museum, the Royal Society, and the Royal College of Surgeons. No. Plate. Fig. 16 5 3. Patella tramoserica, Mart. N.W.C. America, very rare. [N. Zealand. ] 18 6 1. Patella calyptra, Mart. N.W. Coast of America, very rare. [Not identified: resembles Crep. adunca, without deck. Han], con- siders it a Hipponyz, like australis. | 31 8 4. Trochus incequalis, Mart. Friendly Isles, common. [Does not closely resemble the Japan and Vancouver species,=Pachypoma gibberosum, Chemn. 382 10 1. Trochus canaliculatus, Mart. N. Zealand, rare. 33. 10 2. Trochus annulatus, Mart. N. Zealand, very rare. 384 10 3. Trochus costatus, Mart. St. George’s Sound, rare. [=Calliostoma Jilosum, castaneum, ligatum, and modestum. | * In consequence of the expected arrival of fresh materials, this report has been corrected and continued up to the period of going to press. Warrington Free Museum and Library, Aug. 1st, 1864. 3 518 REPORT—1863. No. Plate. Fig. ; 43 13,14 rhs Buceinum liratum, Mart. St. George’s Sound, most rare. [= F. de- cemcostatus (Say), Midd., = Middendorffii, Cooper. | 44. 13 2. Buccinum plicatum, Mart. (non Linn.] St. George’s Sound, common. [ =crispatum, + compositum, Chemn., =lactuca, &c., Esch. | 46 15 1. Buecinumlima, Mart. St. George’s Sound, rare. [Probably P. decem- costata, Midd. ; the variety with numerous ribs and flattened spire. } 47 15 2. Buccinum saturum, Mart. St. George’s Sound, most rare. [Like Chr, liratus, with keels evanescent. | : 62 20 2. Haliotis pulcherrima, Mart. St. George’s Sound, most rare. [Pacific Is. 66 24 1. Pusbre foliata, Mart. North-west Coast of N. America, rare. 76 26 4. Trochus pulligo, Mart. St. George’s Sound, common. : 80 28 2. Pectunculus corbis, Mart. Pulo-Condore, most rare. [= Cardium Nut- tallii, Conr., teste Desh. Cum. The figure is not so accurate as most of the others; but the colouring is characteristic. | 153 53 1. Pecten rubidus, Mart. [non Hds.] Newfoundland, rare. [ =P. Islan= dicus, Mull. ] Many of the figures of Martyn were reproduced by Chemnitz, in his com- prehensive continuation of Martini’s ‘ Conchylien Cabinet,’ 1780-1795. Un- happily, though often quoted for generic and specific names, he did not adopt the binomial nomenclature (except in vol. xi.), but described each shell in two or more words, as it happened. For this reason he appears to have had no scruple in altering previous designations, as follows :— Fig. 1538, 1539. Murex Purpura alata, “Mart. Conch. Un. vol. ii. f. 66, Leaved Purpura foliata from N.W. coast of America.” 1634 .. Murex Glomus cereus, seu Cereus conglomeratus, “ Mart. vol. ii. f. 45, Ridged Buccinum hratum from King George’s Sound.” Vign. 21, f. A, B. Buccinum compositum, “ Mart. Un. Conch. vol. ii. f. 44; Plaited Buccinum from King George’s Sound.” Vign. 23, f. A, B. Trochus gibberosus Nove Zelandie. “Forster's Cat. no. 1374; La Raboteuse de la nouvelle Zélande.—Mart. Un. Conch. vol. i. f. 31; Rugged Trochus tnequalis from Friendly Is.” 1579, 1580. Trochus doliarius, ‘ Mart. vol. i. f.32, Fluted Zrochus canaliculatus from N. Zealand.” 1581, 1582. Trochus virgineus, “ Fayanne, Conch. pl. 79. f. 1. vol. ii. p. 342; id. Cat. Rais. no. 1352, p. 269; Le Sabot Magellanique.—Mart. Un. Conch. vol. i. f. 33; Ringed Trochus annulatus from N. Zealand.—Cab. Mus. Portl. no. 1240; the Purpled-edged Trochus; item, no. 1970, a large and fine specimen of the Purple-edged Zrochus from the N.W. coast of America; rare.” [= 7. celatus, var. 8. Gmel., teste Dillw. vol. ii. . 800. 1802, 1803. Boicimad crispatum. ‘The furbelowed Whelk.” [=B. plicatun, Mart., non Ln.] 1841, 1842, Murex amplustre. N.W. coast of America. {This erroneous locality is copied from the Portland Cat.. The species is quoted from Byc- cinum (Latirus) aplustre, Mart., no. 3. pl. 1. f. 8, where it is rightly assigned to the Friendly Is. =M. argus, var. y. Gmel., teste Dillw. vol. ii. p. 735. | The assignment of West American species to New Zealand, begun by Martyn, has continued a source of error to the present time. It occurs in Dr. Gould’s ‘Exploring Expedition Mollusca,’ in the Cumingian Collection, and in the British Museum. In the ‘Travels in New Zealand,’ by Ernest Dieffenbach, M.D.. London, 1848, vol. i. pp. 228-264, is given a “Catalogue of the Species of Mollusca and their Shells, which have hitherto been recorded as found at New Zealand,” &e., byJ.E. Gray. The author premises that some of the species [marked *] 4 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 519 assigned by the older writers may be found erroneously placed. The follow- ing are probably from the West coast of North America, with the synonymy as understood by Dr. Gray :— Page. No. 229 8. Murex foliatus, Gmel. 3329. = M. purpura alata, Chemn.x. pl. 169. f. 1538- 9; Wood’s Cat. f. 13. Purpura foliata, Mart. U.C. ii. 66.— Hab. N. Zealand, Humnhreys. King George’s Sound, Martyn. [= M. tripterus, Kien.: non AL tripterus, Born et auct.=trialatus, Kien.” teste Hanl. | 229 9. Murex lyratus, G.nel. 3531.= M. glomus cereus, Chem. x. pl. 169. f. 1634. —Buecinum lyratum, Martyn, U. C. ii. f. 43.—Hab. N. Zealand, King George’s Bay, Martyn. 233 43. Purpura lamellosa,= Buccinum 1., Gmel., Wood’s Cat. f. 60.= Bue. pli- catum, Martyn, U. C. ii. f. 41. = Bue. compositum, Chemn. x. 179, vign. 21. f. A, B.= Bue. crispatum, Chemn. xi. 84, pl. 187. f. 1802-3. Murex er., Lam. 174.—Hab. N. Zealand, King George’s Sound, Chemn., Mar- tyn. Coast of Columbia. 237 = *71. Ziziphinus canaliculatus. Trochus c.. Martyn, U. C. pl. 32,= Tr. doliarius, Chemn. x. f. 1579-80; Wood’s Cat. f. 96.—Hab. N. Zealand, Martyn. California, Capt. Belcher, R.N. *72, Ziziphinus annulatus. Trochus a., Martyn, U. C. pl. 38.= T. virgineus, Chemn. x. f. 1581-2; Wood’s Cat. f. 98.= 77. celatus, 3., Gmel.— Hab, N. Zealand, Martyn. California, Capt. Belcher. 243 115. Bulla Quoyit, Gray, n. s.=B. striata, Q. & G., Voy. Astr. ii, 354, pl. 26, f. 8, 9, non Lam.—Hab. N. Zealand, Quoy, Stanger. But the first authentic information on the molluscs of the North-western coast is given in the ‘ Voyage Round the World, but more particularly to the N.W. Coast of America,’ by Capt. George Dixon, London, 1789: to which is added a Natural History Appendix. Page 355, fig. 2. Solen patulus*. Cook’s River. [=Machera Nuttall, Cony. ] In the ‘ Conchology, or Natural History of Shells,’ by George Perry, Lon- don, 1811, a work of no little pretension, yet singularly inaccurate, are figured the following species, but without authorities for the assigned localities :— * As this extract is probably the first description on record of molluscs from the Pacific shores of N. America, by the original collector, and as the book is rarely to be met with; it may be interesting to quote the passage :— “At the mouth of Cook’s River [lat. 59°-61°] are many species of shell-fish, most of them, I presume, nondescript ; and of all which I should have endeavoured to have got specimens, had business permitted. Among the bivalves we noticed some of a large spe- cies, of the Cardium or cockle-genus [ Cardium corbis, Mart. ], half-a-dozen of which would have afforded a good supper for one person; but, for a repast of that kind, our men pre- ferred a large species of the Solen genus, which they got in quantity, and were easily dis- covered by their spouting up the water as the men walked over the sands where they in- habited: as I suppose it to be a new kind, I have given a figure of it in the annexed plate [ Solen patulus ; accurate external and internal views, size of life]. *Tis a thin brittle sheil, smooth within and without: one valve is furnished with two front and two lateral teeth [the ‘laterals’ are the nymphe for the ligament]; the other has one front and one side tooth, which slip in between the others in the opposite valve : from the teeth, in each vaive, proceeds a strong rib, which extends to above halfway across the shell, and gradually loses itself towards the edge, which is smooth and sharp. The colour of the outside is white, circularly, but faintly, zoned with violet, and is covered with a smooth yellowish-brown epidermis, which appears darkest where the zones are: the inside is white, slightly zoned, and tinted with violet and pink. The animal, as in all species of this genus, protrudes beyond the ends of the shell very much, and is exceeding good food.—A fine specimen of this kind is in the Collection of John Swainson, Esq., of the Custom House, London.—We saw also, on this coast, a kind of muscle, in colour and shape much like the common eat- able muscle of Europe, but differed in being circularly wrinkled, and a great deal larger [ Mytilus Californianus, Cony.}. One valve I saw at Queen Charlotte’s Islands measured above nine inches and a half in length.— With pieces of these muscles, sharpened to an ex- quisite edge and point, the Indians head their harpoons and other instruments for fishing Lhey fasten them on with a kind of resinous substance.’’— Dixon's ‘Voyage? 5 520 REPORT—1863. PL Fig. oi Polyplex gracilis [ = Trophon multicostatus, Esch.]. N. Zealand. : 29 5, Melania striata. New California. {All the figures of + Melania’ on this plate represent large Budimi, perhaps from 8S. America. | 85 4. Cerithium reticulatum. New California. 44 2. Haustrum pictum [= Purpura planospira}. East Indies. 44 3. Haustrum dentex | = P. columellaris|. Nootka Sound: only 2 sp. known, 44 4, Haustrum tuberculatum | =P. patula, jun.]. ?— 41 3. Oliva Leveriana [ =O. porphyria]. ?— 47 2. Trochus decarinatus { = Calliostoma canaliculatum]. N. Zealand. 58 2. Venus radiata { = Callista lupinaria}. N. Zealand. The common Californian Haliotis was, it seems, first described in the ‘ Zoological Miscellany,’ by Dr. W. E. Leach, vol. 1. 1814 *. Page 131, pl. 58. Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach. California. Solander made use of the materials he had collected in Cook’s Voyage, in compiling a work on Conchology of considerable merit. Dillwyn made a copy of it, and used it in preparing his own, allowing priority to its specific names ; but it was never published. The types were lately parted-with by the Lin- nean Society, who had determined not to keep any collections except those of Jinneus. The ‘ Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells,’ &c., by L. W. Dill- wyn: London, 1817, is considered by Dr. Gray to be the best conchological work arranged according to the old system. ‘The following are quoted from the West Coast :— Vol. Page. i. 801. Mytilus frons, Linn.= Ostrea frons, Sol. Callone. Acapulco, Humphreys; West Indies, auct. i. 469. Cyprea pustulata, Sol. Acapulco. i. 617. Buceinum plumbeum, Chemn. California. [Monoceros, PS. America. ] me Following Dillwyn, and nearly eclipsing his fame through the originality and excellence of his classification, appeared Lamarck’s ‘ Animaux sans Ver- tébres,’ 1818-1822. Coordinate with or preceding this work are his Articles in the ‘ Annales du Muséam’ and the ‘ Encyclopédie.’ The fresh sources of his information are quoted in the first Report, p. 169. In Delessert’s ‘ Recueil,’ 1841, are figured Pl. 2, fig. 1. Solen ambiguus, Lam. | =S. rudis, C. B.Ad.] “Les mers d’Amérique.” Pl. 19, fig. 2. Cytherea semilamellosa, Gaudichaud | = C. lupinaria}, China Seas. In Deshayes’ invaluable edition of the ‘An. s. Vert.,’ Paris, 1835-45, are quoted a variety of West Coast species which have already appeared under their original authorities. The following may be added :— Vol. Page. villi. 252. Bulimus Mexicanus, Lam.= Helix vittata, Fér. Mexico. ix. 383. Haliots Californiensis, Swains.= H. glabra, Desh. California. ix. 857. Pleurotoma tuberculifera, Br. & Sby. California. ix, 584. Murex radix, Gmel.=M. melanomathos (pars), Dillw. Acapulco. ix. 605. Murex foliatus, Gmel.=M. tripterus, Kien. “N.W. America. “? India.” The last of the early writers whose works should here be quoted, and whose ideas on the relations of genera were considerably in adyance of the age, though somewhat fanciful, is Swainson, in his-‘ Zoological Illustrations,’ 1820-1833 ; ‘ Appendix to the Sale Catalogue of Mrs. Bligh’s Shells,’ 1822; and « Exotia Conchology,’ 1821-1835, reissued by Hanley, 1841. These works contain the following West Coast species :— * This work has been translated into French, and republished, by Chenu; where the same spsr:ce 1s found on page 8, pl. 3. f. 2. ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. bat Bligh Cat. Page. 2. Haliotis rufescens, Swains. (Ditto in Exot. Conch. ed. ii. p. 34.) Galapagos [? | and California. 4. Cassis { Malea] ringens, Swains. ?— 5. Cassis corrugata, Swains. Native of the Galapagos. 5. Harpa crenata, Swains. ?— 8. Strombus granuatus, Swains. ?— Exot. Conch. Plate. 86. Conus princeps, Ln.= C. regius, Martini, Lam. (C. P. var. 8., Ln.=C. ebreus.) Asiatic Ocean. 97 (middle figure). Marginella prunum, Gmel., Martini= Voluta plumbea, Sol. MS. Africa. [The pinched W. Indian eo 182. Cyprea spadicea, Swains., Tilloch’s Phil. Mag. vol. lxi. p. 876. South Seas Mawe). 80. Hiltous Californiensis, Swains. [Figured with 9 small holes.] 1821. 55. Solen ambiguus, Lam. N. America, 1820. [This shell is conspecific with the “8. medius, Alashka,” of the B. M. Coll.; differing somewhat from the S. ambiguus as figured by Delessert. The B. M. locality is perhaps erroneous. ] 24. Valenciennes’ Memoir on Humb. and Bonpl., 1833.—The following notes are from a study of the complete copy in the Libr. Roy. Coll. Surgeons. Page. 231. Donax radiata { =var. of D. punctatostriatus, Hanl. 1843). 219. Venus succincta | = Chione Californicnsis, Brod. 1835}. 245. Bulimus undatus. {The Caribbean, not the Mexican, type is here figured. ] 267. Haliotis Californiana | =H. rufescens, Swains., not H. Californiensis, Swains. |. 267. (Add) Haliotis interrupta, Val. Tropical America. [The description accords with the young of H. Cracherodii, Leach. | 277. Cerithium musica. [Description accords with C. maculosum, Kien. ] 278. Cerithium granosum | = Cerithidea varicosa }. 279. Cerithium fragaria | = Rhinoclavis gemmata, Hs. }. 282. Cerithium varicosum | = Cerithidea varicosa, Sby. |. 808. Strombus cancellatus. Closely resembles Rostellaria fissurella, from Grignon. [Probably E. Indian. } 338. Conus scalaris [= C. gradatus (Mawe), Wood’s Suppl. }. 270. Solarium bicanaliculatum. Small species, like S. Herberti, Desh. Enc. 265. Natica Bonplandi. [The figure exactly represents Neverita patula, Sby.] 266. (Add) Natica uber, Val. Cumana. 317. Purpura semi-imbricata, Lam. {An. 8s. Vert. vol. x. p. 84, no. 39; not since identified from the brief description. Perhaps = Cuma costata, Blainv. | 287. Fusus turris [ =F. Dupetithouarsi, Kien. }. 290. Fusus Magellanicus “ = Buc. Geversranum, Pallas, = Murex Peruvianus, Ene. Méth.” 295. Ficula ficoides [? =decussata]. 296. Pyrula spirata [? = Rapa, jun. }. 25. Coquille.—All the limpets quote! are South American. 26. Hschscholtz.—The following observations may be useful to the student: Page. 10. Murex ferrugineus{ = Purp. crispata, Chemn., var. ; varices few, scarcely frilled ]. ll. Murex lactuca [= Purpura crispata, Chemn. |. Jl. Murex multicostatus [1s not Trephon clathratus, as supposed by Midd. ; but pro- bably = 7. Gunneri. It resembles 7. laciniatum, Mart. (Falkland Is.) on a small scale; varices coronated, without spiral sculpture ]. 16. Acmea. [Genus described in the Appendix to Kotzebue’s Second Voyage, 1830, p- 350; somewhat before Tectura, teste Woodward. | 18. Acmea mamillata. [The ‘crowded tubercles’ were perhaps due to nullipore. | 19. Acmea cassis [if a northern shell, is perhaps the strongly ribbed var. of pelta- but the figure accords best with the Cape Horn species, P. cnea, Mart. ]. i 20. Acmea digitalis {is perhaps distinct from the variable persona; but passes inta it by easy transitions J. 7 52 BEPORT—1863. Page. ae fs Ql. Fissurella aspera [= Glyphis Lincoln’, Gray, =cratitia, Gld. But Gl. densicla- thrata, Rve, is probably distinct ; Sta Barbara, Jewett, Cooper |. 27. Tankerville Cat., 1825.—The following species are also from the West Coast. The prices are added from the British Museum copy, as a record of their former rarity :— No. App. page Price. 70 10s. Solen ambiguus, 161 15s. Tellina operculata. 162 5s. Tellina punicea. ; f , 206 £10 10s. LucinaChildreni [described by Grayin Ann. Phil.1824; v. also Zool. Journ. vol. i. 1825, pp. 221-2. There is no authority for the statement that it came from Brazil. The Br. Mus. specimens are from “ Mus. Cracherode,” and are probably West Coast. The only known locality is Cape St. Lucas. J 1293 30s. Trochus annulatus. 1294 20s. Trochus doliarius, 1690 10s. Murex crispatus. 1842 15s. Purpura patula. 1855 20s. Purpura planospira, 1896 45s. Harpa crenata. 2240 15s. Cyprea spadicea. 2251 2s. Cyprea albuginosa. 2330 xxxii 15s. Ohva splendidula. Hab. P— 2332 xxxiii Qs. 6d. Oliva biplicata. West Coast North America, 2333 XXXIV 2s. Oliva columellaris. ?— 2347 £5 5s. Conus regius. The ,, in Rep., p. 174, should have been omitted, except at no. 808, p. vi. No. 1401 is described, on p. xii, as from Newfoundland, No. 1786 should have no page-reference. In the ‘ Zoological Journal,’ London, 1824-1829, appear descriptions of the following species :— Pagy Vol. i, March 1824, 60. Natica patula, Sby. “ Brought from 8S. America by M. de Humboldt. 2 specimens only known.” * 3 Oct. 1824, 369. Cyprea subrostrata, Gray. Nehoue (Mus. Sby.). |‘ Probably fossil’ (Gray): a white, smooth spe- cies, not to be confounded with Trivia subrostrata. } ” ‘Jan. 1825, 510. Cyprea albuginosa, Mawe, pl.7. f.2; pl. 12. £2. Cali- fornia. Named, without description, in Mawe’s Cat. (=C. poraria, var., Ducl.: Z. J. iv. p. 68.) 518. Cyprea pustulata, Sol. 8. Coast of Mexico. China. Vol. iii. Jan. 1827, 70. Hinnites giganteus (Sby.). ?—[ =H. Poulsoni, Cour. Calif. |= Hinnita gigantea, Gray, Ann. Phil. Aug. 1826. = Lima gigantea, Id. in loc. cit. [non J. Sby. } » sept. 1827, 363. Cyprea subrostrata, Gray (bis, Trivia]. ?— 364. Cyprea radians, Lam.= C. oniscus, Dillw.= C. pedi- culus, B., Gmel.+ C. costata, Dillw. W. Coast of Mexico, ? Adriatic. 365. Cyprea Californiana, Gray [ Trivia]. California. Vol. iv. Jan. 1828, 145-162. Monograph of Ovulum, by G. B. Sowerby, containing the species afterwards figured in the Spec. Conch. 28. Beechey’s Voyage.—Increased study has supplied the following cor- rections :— * At p. 511, note *, Dr. Gray states that the Natica patula, Barnes, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., Sept. 1824, i. 133, is “the shell described under that name by Sby. As there is another N. patula [? ubi], must be ealled by Mr. Barnes’s MS. name of NV. helicoides? Also that Doliwm dentatum, Barnes, loc. cit.=D. ringens, Sby. ON M Page. Z. J. 372. 372. 372. 378. 379, 379. Z.B.V. 180. 119. 132. 147. 148, 150. 151. 182. OLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 525 Natica pallida { = Lunatia caurina, Gld.,+ soluta, G1d.}. Natica otis. | Var.= Polinices fusca, ee Natica clausa [= N. Beverlii, Leach, MS. in B. M.}. Fusus lapillus= Bue. subrostratum, Gray. {Resembles the smooth, stumpy form of Purpwra plicata, Mart.: “ pertectly distinct,” teste Hanl. | Conus arcuatus [as figured in Z. B. V., is a very different shell from that in Mus, Cum. and the monographs ; the latter is ailied to C. tornatus |. Conus interruptus [resembles the broad form of C. mahogant]. (Add) Oliva semistriata, Gray, pl. 36. f. 10. Hab. ?—{ Panama, &c. | Conus Ximenes (scarcely differs from C. mahogani, var. in Mus. Cum. |. [Should be] Agaronia | et passim}. (Add) Mouretia Peruviana, Sby. (P. Z.8. 1835, p. 6) pl. 89. £.6, 6. [Also Margarita Bay, teste eed Patella Muzatlandica. {This is the Sandwich Islands species, = P. exarata, Nutt., teste Hanl, The large specimens quoted are pro- bably P. talcosa, Gld. | Chama echinata. [Further series of specimens make it doubtful whether this be not a distinct species from C. frondosa, var. The original sculpture has not yet been detected. | Should be] Cytherea biradiata. Add) Cardita borealis, Conr. (=“ Arcturus rudis, Humphr.”’) pl. 44. f. 1. [Probably from near icy Cape. Mus. Belcher. ] The types of the species described from this important voyage have been scattered. Some have been identified from Admiral Sir E. Belcher’s Collec- tion, which he kindly allowed me to examine for that purpose; others are in the possession of Mr, Hanley ; but many appear hopelessly lost. 29. Wood's Ind. Test—In Hanley’s Revised Edition of this important work (London, 1856), several new localities are added from the writer’s varied experience, and the synonymy is most ¢arefully elaborated. No other book contains small a compa for locality or such a mass of trustworthy information on the old species in so ss. The following are quoted, either as original authorities, or synonymy :— Page. Fig. "2 102 Chiton tunicatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pl. 2. f. 1 [ = Katherina Douglasie, Gray |. Sitka. 3 18. Chiton lineatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pl. 2. f. 4, 5. Sitcha, North Calif. {Mr. Hanley believes that Sitka is the island in lat. 58°, and that Sitcha is in the district now known as Wash- ington Territory, olim Oregon. | 3 20. Chiton sulcatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pl. 3. f. 1. Galapagos. 19 16. Solen maximus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pl. 31. f.3 [=S. patulus, Dixon. N.W. America]. Sandw. Is. 21 8. Tellina rugosa, Born. Is. of Opara, New California. [ Pacific Is. ] 27 73. Tellina muricata, Chemn.= Lucina scabra, Rve. Mexico. &2 97. Conus pusillus, Wood: non Chemn. nec Lam. {nec Gld.}] = C. puie- ticulatus, var., Lam. (quasi Brug.) Mexico. 88 31. Cyprea onyx, Gray (quasi Lin.) = C.adusta, Chemn. [ Pacific Is. The San Diegan shell is closely allied, = Zaponia spadicea.| ‘ Calif.’ 29 35. Voluta incrassata, Dillw. ; posterior to O. angulata,Lam. Centr. Am. 183 14. Haliotis Cracherodi, Leach= H. glabra, Schub. 1829, non Chenin. et auct. Calif. Suppl. 201 3. Zellina lutea, Gray=T. alternidentata, Br. & Sby.=T. Guilfordie Gray, in Griff. Cuv. pl. 19. f. 2. Icy Cape. 202. 1. Donax scalpellum, Gray, Ann. hil. 1825, ix. 166; =D. elongata Mawe, Conch. pl. 9, f. 6, 1828, Calif, 9 or © ney Page. Suppl. 202 204 205 208 211 211 211 212 212 212 218 215 213 213 218 253 31. Voy. 5 11. 25. = 26. 38. 10. UL 12. 13. 15. 10. 14. 45. 6. 9 Vv. Fig. : . Donar stultorum, Mawe, |. c. pl. 9. £.7; = Trigona st., Gray, Analyst, REPORT—1863. 1838. 2S. America [ =7r. crassatellovdes, jun. Calif. }. Chama crassicostata= Venerteardia e., Sby., Tank. Cat. p. 4. = Car- dita Cuviert, Brod., P. Z.S. 1832. = C. Michelini, Val. Acapulco. Arca pectiniformis, Gray (Pectunculus), non Lam. = P.inequalis, Sby. . Conus gradatus, Mawe. Calif. [=C. sealaris, Val.] Pan. Voluta lens, Mawe. Pan. Voluta harpa, Mawe, Conch. Front. f. 2. 1823; = V. nucleus, Lam, S. Pacific. Voluta nux, B.M.= Oliva biplicata, Sby., Tank. Cat. Calif. Voluta tenebrosa, Mawe= O. undatella, Ducl. (Lam.) Pan. . Buccinum tenue, Mawe= Cassis Massene, Kien. Galapagos. . Buccinum distortum, Swains., Bligh’s Cat.= Columbella triumphalis, Duel. [ Clavella}. W. Columbia. Buccinum brevidentatum, Mawe= Purp. cornigera, Blainv.= P. ocel= lata, Kien. W. Columbia. Buceinum denticulatum, Mawe | = Monoceros lugubre, Sby. Gen. Buccinum armatum, Mawe Calif. Buccinum tectum, Mawe= Purp. callosa, Sby. Gen., non Lam.=P, angulifera, Kien. (Ducl.)= Cuma suleata, Swains. Mal. Pan. Buccinum planaxis, Mawe= Pl. planicosta, Shy.=P. canaliculata, Duval, Rey. Zool. 1840, p. 107. Pan. [ Purp. canaliculata, Ducl., is quite distinct. | . Buccinum elongatum, Mawe= Terebra strigata, Sby., Tank. Cat.= T. zebra, Kien. Pan. . Strombus bituberculatus, B.M., non auct.= Str. Peruvianus, Swains., Phil. Mag. 62. W. Columb. . Murex rigidus, B.M.= Buc. nodatum, Martyn= Murex n., Gmel., Dillw.= Turbinella rigida, Gray. Pan. { Probably the Pacific sp. ] Murex sanguneus, Mawe= Turbinella varicosa, Rve. Galapagos. Murex salno, Mawe = Fasciolaria granosa, Kien., as of Brod., P.Z.S. 1832. Panama. . Trochus undosus,,Wood= T. undatus, Mawe, Conch. no. 146 (not described) ; = 7. balenarum, Val. Calif. . Trochis pellis-serpentis, Mawe = Tegula elegans, Less., Tl. Zool. pl.50; =1*. strigilatus, Phil. (quasi Anton) Abbild. pl. 2. f.9. Pan. Turbo saxosus, Mawe = Marmorostoma undulata, Swains., Zool. Il. s.2. Pan. Haliotis corrugata, Mawe, Conch. no. 181. ?=H. nodosa, Phil. Abbil. pl. 2. Calif. Patella pexiza, Gray = Dispotea Byronensis, Gray, Enc. Metr. Moll. pl. 4. f. 4 =[? Crucibulum spnosum, var.]. Chili. Beagle—The Triton scaber is rightly assigned to 8. America: there is no satisfactory evidence for its appearance on the N.W. coast. The shells so quoted are probably either imported from the Magellan district, or are Priene Oregonensis, yun., or Ocinebra, var. aspera. 36. Duclos——The original article is in the ‘ Annales Nat. Sc.,’ May 1832, and contains the following species :— Page. Plate. 104 1 105 1 109 2 111, 32 Fig. 1. Purpura canaliculata, Duel., resembles P. succincta on a small scale. Cal.; very rare. [Figured with 10 principal and a few intercalary ribs. = P. decemcostata, Midd. ] 2. Purpura melones, Ducl. ?— [ Panama. 8. Purpura centiquadra, Val. MS. [Ducl. states that Val. altered his own name to speciosa while the sheet was passing through the press. The latter, however, bears date 1833. 10. Purpura spheridia, Ducl. Cal. [A well-known Sistrum from the Pacific Is. ] 10 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. BoD The species quoted in the text from Guérin, which appear in the Mag, Zool. for 1844, also appear here with the early date. Oliva polpaster, a south- ern form, from Guayaquil, &e., is distinct from all varieties of the Gulf species, O. Cumingii; it bears date 1839. In the same vol. are described and figured— ao Calyptrea (Calypeopsis) rugosa, Less. Payta, Peru. [=Cruc. imbricatum, without pits. | 23. Conus hieroglyphus, Ducl. Probably Cal. [A Pacific form, like C. abbre- viatus. 27. Cyprea Dae Ducl. Cal. [Astarved var. of Aricia arabica, Pacific Is. } 38. Lady Douglas (afterwards known as Lady Wigram).—Placunanomia eepio. [The type is an old shell, with faint ribs. | Placunanomia alope. [The type is a young shell, with small scars and faint ribs. The large series of specimens examined in the Smithsonian col- lections proves that these forms are among the many varieties of P. macro- schisma. The Indians have a superstitious dread of handling it. Many more species have since been detected in the Brit. Mus., from the late Lady Wigram’s valuable donations, including Macoma inquinata, Desh.. described from her specimens; but, as they are evidently from mixed localities, it has not been thought necessary to catalogue them. | 29. Nuttall—The verification of Conrad’s species being of considerabie importance, I made diligent search for the original types during a recent tour in the United States. The supposed collection at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., has not been discovered by Professor Agassiz. The inquiries which Professor Longfellow kindly made at my request resulted in information that it was “in Dr. Wyman’s Mus. Nat. Hist., in the granite building on Howard Street ;” but no opportunity has been afforded of col- lating it, or even of verifying its existence. Dr. Jay rendered me every assistance in studying the types which he has catalogued in his collection, now rearranging in his residence at Memironeck, near New York, and gave such duplicates as could be spared for the Smithsonian Museum. Several species, however, were not to be found, and some were clearly erroneous, as e. g. Chama “ exogyra, Conr.,” which proved to be @. lobata, Brod.; W. L., teste Cuming; China, Brit. Mus. The most satisfactory information was derived from an interview with Mr. Conrad himself at the Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, where the honorary curator, Mr. W. G. Binney, afforded us all possible aid in eliminating types from the collections of the Academy and of private conchologists in the city. Mr. Nuttall’s death (the news of which was received soon after) prevented his revising the corrections thus cbtained. As he had previously presented a duplicate series of his shells to the Brit. Mus., which had been incorporated with the general collection, and had sig- nified to me his intention to leave the unique specimens to the nation, J at once communicated with the survivors and with Dr. Gray, who was fortunate cnough to stop the intended sale, and to secure the shells, which were kindly presented by the executors. They are now mounted, and kept in drawers adjoining the Reigen collection, the Vancouver collection, and the Stimp- sonian typical collection of East Coast N. American shells. The following is a résumé of corrections obtained from these different sources, numbered to correspoud with the list, Rep. pp. 194-201 :— “ Parapholas” penita [is a Pholadidea). . Platyodon cancellatus | = Cryptodonta myoides, Nutt. MS.}. 4. Cryptodon Nuttall, Conr. [The author, finding the generic name preoecupied changed it to Schizotherus N.: 1852, teste Bin. Bibl.; 1854, Journ. A. N.S& ono e ~ sue Phil. p. 189.=Lwutrarva capaz, Gld.=L. maxima, Midd.,= Tresus naxinus, REPORT—1863. Oa rw) oO Gray. Mr. Nuttall only brought home young specimens of this extraordinary shell. In its adult state it assumes either a transverse form (=capaxr) or the elongated cendition, redescribed in a fossil state as new. Between these there is every gradation, as can be traced in the magnificent series In the Smiths, Mus. ; and a caskful of the animals in spirits, of various ages, has affiliated the large shells to the original Nuttallian specimens. | * 40. Pandora punctata [is a Clidiophora. The series s0 named in the Nuttallian collection belongs, however, to the Atlantic Cl. trilineata]. 11. Solecurtus lucidus [is almost certainly the young of no. 12. The amount of obliquity in the internal rib is extremely variable in the adult specimens]. 12. Solecurtus Nuttallii [=Machera patula, Dixon,= Aulus grandis, Gmel., teste Has. in Mus. Cum. Mr. C.’s “grandis, var.,” from Monterey, suits in its roportions for the adult of S. dwcidus. The shell has been widely distri- ater by commerce, and appears to extend far in a northerly direction. The | animal is very beautifully fringed ]. 14. Solecurtus Californianus [=S. Dombeyi, teste Mus. Cuming: non Hanl. MS. }. | 15. Psammobia Pacifica [is a Heterodonax, probably identical with the W. Indian | H. bimaculata, which is found abundantly in its many varieties at Aca- pulco ;= Tellina vieina, C. B, Ad.]. | 17. Sanguinolaria Californiana [=Macoma inconspicua, Brod. & Sby., and is a | northern species ]. | 18. Sanguinolaria rubroradiata [is the young of a large species of Psammoiia}. 22. Tellina alta [ =(from types) ?Scrobicularia biangulata, Cpr. }. | 23. [= Macoma edulis, Nutt.; a northern variety of MM. secta, no. 25, and quite distinct from IL. edentula. | 26. The locality is not confirmed, and is probably erroneous. 27. [Dr. Gould considers his D. obesus a distinct species; from a large series, it appears identical. | : 28, 29. These species of Standella, described from young specimens, were tound of very large size by Dr. Cooper, with what may prove a third species, perhaps S. nasuta, Gld., olim. | 80b. Petricola carditoides [with P. arcuata+ cylindracea, Desh., are varieties of P. Californica. The series preserved in the Smithsonian Museum connects all the extreme forms]. 82. Mysia tumida, Cony. MS. [ = Diplodonta orbella, Gld., and belongs to the section Spherella, Conr. The label had been assigned by accident to a young valve j of a Chione, probably from the Sandwich Is. ]. 83. Tapes staminea. [This is the extreme southern form of a widely diffused and very variable species, of which the normal condition is Sazidomus Petitir, | Desh.,= Venus rigida, Gld. pars. The principal varieties have been named Tapes diversa, Sby.= Venus mundulus, Rve., and Venus ruderata, Desh. | £4. [The Calfornian Saridomi divide themselves into three groups: the large, southern, oval, grooved shells= 8. aratus, Gld.; the subquadrate, compara- tively smooth, northern shells=S. squalidus+ giganteus, Desh.; and an intermediate form, which is the true S. Nattallii, Conr. Some of Mr. Nut- tall’s specimens were, however, the young of S. aratus, of which the adult was not known till very recently. | 35. [The young of this Pachydesma is “ Trigona stultorum, Gray,” Desh. MS. in | British Museum. | ) 36. Cytherea callosa { =C. nobilis, Rve. Itis not a Dosinia, but the type of anew subgenus, Amiantis, differing from Callista as Mercenaria does from Venus]. 87. Plate 19, fig. 16 (not 14 nor 15). [The true Venus Nuttallii of Cony. (teste Conr. ips. and types in Mus. Phil. Ac. and Jay) is not the shell here cata- logued, which generally goes by that name, but is a synonym for the V. Californiensis, Brod.,=sucencta, Val. The error was corrected in the Mus. Cum. in time for the right shell to be figured by Reeve in his recent mono- graph. It is doubtful what name Conrad intended for the shell here cata- logued, which belongs to the group of Stutchburyi, fluctifraga, &c. If really distinct from the latter, it may stand as Chione callosa, Sby. jun. (non Conr.) | 58. Venus Californiana {(teste Conr. ips.) was intended for V. Californiensis. Brod. Not having access to the type, it could hardly be recognized by the 12 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 527 brief diagnosis. The name should therefore be dropped. The shell, pl. 19, fig. 15 (not 16)—Chione simillima, Sby., no. 39; a good Lower Californian species. It seems that the error was not in numbering of the figures, as Mr. Nuttall supposed, but in Conrad’s identification of Broderip’s species]. 40. Chione excavata [is closely related to Ch. succincta ; the unique type, however, in Brit. Mus. displays characteristic differences of sculpture. It is singu- larly like the W. Indian Ch. cancellata, and may prove exotic]. 41. Cypricardia Californica [=C. Guiniaca, Lam.,=C. Duperryi, Desh. Almost . certainly from the Sandwich Is. |. 45, 45b. Cardium Californianun {= C. Nuttallii, var. The species is named “ C, corbis, Mart.,” by Desh. MS. in Mus. Brit. and Oana 46, Cardium quadragenarium [= C. luteolabrum, Gld.}. 51. v. antea, no. 32. 56. Modiola recta. ee from very young specimens. The broad form i3 M. flabellata, G1d. | 69. Mytilus bifurcatus. |The type is lost; the figure and description would suit many species. It is allocated, in Mus. Cum., to the Californian Septifer 3 | but by Pease to a Sandwich Island ee | €0. [None of Conrad’s species of Jsogn mon have been confirmed as from Califor- nia. They are known to inhabit the Pacific Islands. | 626. [Mr. Nuttall also brought an oyster, which he named in MS. O. latecandata, = O. lurida, var.; and Hinnites giganteus, Gray, =H. Poulsoni, Conr. | 64. [Dr. Gould states that H. Micklineana, Lea,= H. Californiensis, Pfr., Chemn., Rve.; but that ZZ. Californiensi:, Lea, is distinct. | 69. Helix Townsendiana | = H. eruginosa, Gl\d. MS. }. 74. Chiton Nuttallit [is an Ischnocluton]. 75. Chiton acutus {is an aberrant form of Mopalia. “ Chiton consimilis,’ Nutt. MS, in Brit. Mus., appears to be Mopala Hindsi, var.‘ Chiton Califernicus” Nutt. MS., =“ Acanthopleura” scabra, Rve. |. 77. Patella mamillata, Nutt. [(non Esch.) is now assigned in Mus. Cuming to Acmea scabra, Nutt., var. limatula). &3. Fissurella ornata, Nutt. [ =F: volcano, Rve. |. &4. Glyphis deniclathrata, Rve. [ V. antea, p. 522. The shell has been Jost. ] 86. H. Cali orniensis, Swains. [ (not Californiana, Val.,=rufescens), isan extreme var. of H. Cracherodi. The ser.es in the Smithsonian Mus. have 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 holes; as soon as it has 10 and 11, it passes into Californiensis, which was figured in 1821 with 9 holes. When these are numerous, they are generally sma! in proportion }. 91. Calliostoma doharium [=C. canaliculatum, Mart. This and C. annulatum, Mart., are quite distinct from C\ filosum, which= C. costatum, Mart. }. 92. Omphalius ater [is the S. American species. The common Californian shell is] 94. O. marginatus, Nutt. MS. [ =funebralis, A. Ad. }. 976. The collection contains one specimen of Crepidula dorsata. 108. [Is a Serpulorbis, without operc., teste Cooper. | 106. Litorina tenebrata [should be patula, Gld. (non Jeffr.). Nuttall’s MS. name was published by Phil. in 1845]. 107. Natica ? maroccana, var. Californica. [The varietal name must be dropped, The shell certainly came from the Sandwich Islands. } 108. [The shell is Vitela:ta salebrosa, jun., and not] Ranella triquetra. 109. Mitra maura Faas teste Rve. (P ubi) =. orientalis, Gray, = M. “ Chi- lensis,”’ Kien. }. 110. Olivella glandinaria, Nutt. [ =O. biplicata, Sby. }. 112, 113. Purpura aperta and P. harpa [are certainly from the Sandwich Islandsj, 114. Purpwra emarginata [was described by Desh. from an immature specimen in which a half-formed knob caused an “emargination.”” The adult is one very extreme form; P. ostrina, Gld., is another ; .P. fuscata, Fbs., is a third. The normal condition is P. lapillus, Cooper (non Linn.),=saxicola, Val. Mr. Nuttall’s collection also contains] F. crispata, var. 116. Monoceros brevidens [is an accidentally short-toothed form of M. lapilioides}, 118. Cerostoma Nuttallii (with C. foliatwm and C. monoceros, Shy., belongs to Pure pure). 13 EB SS — a > a i 528 REPORT—1863. The specimens numbered 2, 5, 8, 9, 19, 21, 28-31, 36, 44, 46, 49, 50, 52-54, 56, 59, 64-67, 70-72, 76, 84, 86-88, 98, 101, 103, 104, and 109 do not appear in the Brit. Mus. Nuttallian collection. 41. Voy. Venus.—Reyv. Zool. and Guér. Mag. Arca trapexia [ =A. tuberculosa). Saxicava legumen { =8. pholadis ; ?from hole of Lithophagus]. Petricola arcuata [=the normal state of P. earditoides, Cony. )._ Petricola cylindracea [=a short form of the same sp., developing ridges of growth, like Tapes ruderata, Desh. }. Venerupis gigantea { = Saxidomus squalidus, Desh. }. tO ks ; Cyvricardia Duperreyt [= C. Guinaiaca, Lam.,= C. Californica, Cony, A Sandwich Island species, twice quoted, but not confirmed, from Cal. }. Cardium Laperoussii [is an Aphrodite, like Granlandicum, but more transverse, and with lateral teeth less developed. ‘This very rare and probably boreal shell has just been identified from Adm. Sir E. Belcher’s oe Cardium Californiense, Desh. {is not C. Californianum (= Nuttallii), Cony. ; but= C. pseudofossile, Rve., 1844. The name of Desh. is unfortunate, as his shell is the Kamtschatkan form with strong ribs. The Californian form is smaller, with fainter ribs,= C. blundum, Gld. }. Purpura Freycinetii [is figured from a very extreme form of the Japanese species, P. ostrina passes into similar varieties |. Velutina Miillert {probably = V. levigata, which reaches Vancouver]. Lucina cristata {= Tellidora linulata, Holmes; described from the Pleistocene of 8. Carolina, and lately dredged alive by Dr. Stimpson; not 7. Burnett]. The following may be added to Deshayes’ list:-— Pl. 81. Tellina igamentina, Desh., 1843. Hab. ?— { = Macoma secta, Cony. | Tellina Japonica, Desh., in Mus. Cum. [also appears to be M. secta, jun.}. In Valenciennes’ plates to the Voy. Ven. have been recognized the follow- ing West Coast species and synonyms, in addition to those quoted in Rep. pp. 203-204 :— Plate. Fig. 3 2. Trochus diadematus, Val. [resembles Pomaulax undosus, jun., but the sur- face is faintly wrinkled all over; umbilical region not chiseled; and opere. not ridged. It is probably intended for Pachypoma gibberosum |. 1. Trochus rubiginosus, Val. [probably = T. annulatus, Mart. ].’ 2. Trochus pellucidus, Val. (resembles T. lima, Panama]. - Buceinum Prerostit, Val. [probably = Pisania pagodus |. . Purpura bufonides, Val. [appears one of the many vars. of P. bisertalis}. . Purpura rupestris, Val. | probably = Monoceros lugubre, jun. ]. » Murex aciculiger, Val. [is represented with labral tooth and closed canal ; but resembles C. festivus, Hds. }. - Murex tortuus (Brod.), Wal. [resembles Ph. princeps, with a very poor operc., badly drawn]. Venus Thouarsti, Val. [?=multicostata, Sby.; figured with very broad, smooth, close ribs, scarcely indented, except in the middle]. Vi enus pectunculordes, Val. [is probably 7. grata, not histrionica). . Cardium subelongatum (Rve.), Val. [appears= C. procerum, jun. }. . Pecten comatus, Val. (may be=hastatus, jun. ; but, although figured with out the red spot, it most resembles Hin. giganteus, jun. }. . Pecten excavatus, Val. | =Janira dentata, Sby. ]. 7 pomatia, Val. [may be = P. ventricosus, jun. }. », rastelinum, Val. [= P. hastatus, jun, }. Ostrea gallus, Val. [ss Acapulco,” with large plates, = O. megcdon, Hanl.]. . Cardita arcella, Val. [? = Ven. radiata, Sby.]. » modulosa (Lam.), Val. [ = Lazaria affinis |. », turgida (Lam.), Val. [= Ven. luticostata]. 5. » Michehini, Val. if V. Cuvieri), —_ CODD 16 17 18 19 rong 0 Hero COLO ral cers 23 2. Nucula divaricata, Val. {probably = N. castrensis |, 24 1. Lenitella Conradi, Val. (may be = Pholadidea ovoidea}. 14 mL ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 529 Plate. Fig. . Penitella xilophaga, Val. [may be the adult of fig. 4]. . Penitel a tuhigera, Val. [may possibly be intended for Ph. penita]. . Pholas rostrata, Val. {is probably = Netastoma Darwinit, Sby. ee . Ungulina hidicola,Val. [may be an extremely bad Petricola robusta . Corbula luticola, Val. [is probably = Sphenia fragilis]. . Bornia luticola, Val. ae Laperoussit |. . Saxicava clava, Val. | =S. legumen, Desh.,= 8. pholadis, var.]. The identification of these species is attended with great uncertainty, as the types have not been seen, and the artist appears to have studied effect rather than accuracy. 42. Voyage of Sulphur.—The types of these species appear to have been scattered. Only a part are now to be found in the very valuable collection of Admiral Sir E. Belcher, in which most of the shells are, unfortunately, destitute both of names and of locality-marks. Murex Belcheri (belongs to Purpurid, and may be considered the type of the genus Chorus]. Ranella Californica. {After comparing a series with the Cumingian speci- mens of 2. ventricosa, it appears that the diagnostic characters are not con- stant. ae sapotilla. [The type in Mus. Cuming is much smaller than the ordinary condition of M. prunwm=cerulescens, Lam., to which species the common Panama shells were referred by Mr. Cuming. In his collection, however, they stand thus :—Ordinary Panamic type “ sapotilla, Hds.: 5-13 fms., sandy mud, Panama, H.C.” Another tablet of the true Panama shells “ Marginella, n. sp., Panama,”—‘ San Domingo” having been crossed out. The small West Indian form, analogous to the typical sapotilla, is given as ‘glans, Mke.” The large West Indian shells, with violet tinge behind the Jabrum, are “ cerulescens, Lam., Panama,” without authority. Another series of the W. Indian type is given as “ c@rulescens, var., Lam., 10 fms., sandy mud, Panama,” without authority. Either habitat-errors have crept into the Cumingian labels, or else Mr. Redpath’s observation will not hold, viz. that the Atlantic shells have a posteri:r pinch on the labrum, which is not seen in the Pacific. All the authentic series examined from the two coasts bear out his view. There will be two opinions as to whether this be more than a mere local distinction. | Solarium quadriceps. [On comparing suites of S. granulosum from the Texan coast with series from the Gulf of California, it appeared that on each side of the Peninsula the shells went through similar changes. in strength of sculpture, size of umbilicus, number of spiral granules, &c.; nor could any clue be obtained by which the coasts could be separated in a mixed collection. Hinds’s shell stands at the furthest extreme of removal from S. granuatum.] 43. U.S. Exploring Expedition.—The shells of this collection were depo- sited in the Patent Office in Washington, D.C., where, notwithstanding the great care of Mr. Varden, the curator, they were not a little tampered-with. Dr. Gould laboured under great difficulties in his work of description; he had access only to that part of the collection which happened to be unpacked and exposed to view during the brief period that his professional engagements allowed of his visiting the capital; and his request to be allowed to take doubtful shells to Europe for identification was refused. The materials also were of an unsatisfactory kind, a large proportion of the specimens being much weathered, and many of the locality-marks being manifestly erroneous, If occasional errors have been detected in his great work, they may fairly be sect down to causes over which the author had no control. Many of these 1863. 15 st COIS Or COD a a SSS 530 REPORT—-1863. ‘have been corrected by Dr. Gould himself, in his ¢ Otia Conchologiea,? Boston, 1862, which contains the various papers in the ‘Proceedings of tne Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.,’ with an appendix. After the organization of the Smithsonian Institution, all the natural-history collections belonging to the Federal Government were transferred to its keeping, with liberty to exchange duplicates. The shells remamed unopened, and the types not accessible, till, at the request of Professor Henry, I undertook the arrangement of the col- lections. Fortunately, a considerable part of the shells professing to be the figured types of the new species were found together, with the artist’s marks corresponding with the plates and figures. The result of the exami- nation, so far as the general collection is concerned, will shortly be prepared for the press; it 1s sufficient here to tabulate the observations on the N.W. American species, which were, as it happened, the most satisfactorily pre- served in the whole series. The following additional particulars include the “* Rectifications ” in the ‘ Otia,’ the paging of which is continued from the ‘«« Expedition Shells ” quoted in Rep. p. 209. The quarto volume quoted in p. 210 is distinguished as ‘‘ KE. E. Mollusca.” The folio atlas of plates bears date on title 1856, but was not published till 1861, teste Binn. Bibl. vol. i. p. 504. The comparisons of types were made in 1860, from a proof copy. Otia, Page. i 5. Chiton lignosus=[Mopala| Mercku, Midd., test. Gld. E. E. Moll. [from worn specimens := Ch. Montereyensis, Cpr., from perfect shells. | 230. Chiton (Chetopleura) vespertinus. Perhaps=Ch. lignosus, var. [A Mo- palia, differing slightly in the amount of posterior wave. The fig. in K. E. Moll. is made-up from broken specimens. 6, 242. Chiton (Onithochiton) dentiens. [The shell sent as type of this species, and all the others seen from the coast, agree in belonging to Ischnochiton, and are not dentate, as would be presumed from the figures and diag- nosis. As Dr. Gould’s toothed Onithochiton may hereafter be found, the Smithsonian shells have been named Isch. pseudodentiens. } 6, 242. Chiton (Chetopleura) muscosus. [= -Acanthopleura muscosa, H. & A. Ad. Gen., = Ch. ornatus, Nutt. P. ZS. 1855, p. 232,4+ Mopalia consimilis, Nutt. MS. in B. M. This beautiful species is a true Mopalia. | 230. Chiton (Leptochiton) interstinctus. Resembles C. Sitchensis, Midd. [ = Cal- lochiton 2.,H. & A. Ad., Gen. It is a true Ischnochiton. The genera of Chitonidze cannot always be ascertained by external characters alone, as indicated in Messrs. Adams’s genera. All the species in the Smithsonian Museum have been dissected. 7, 242. Patella (Tectura) fimbriata= P. cinis, Rve. [=Acmea pelta, Esch. }. 9, 242. Patella (Nacella) instabilis. | Varies greatly in proportions. | 9, 242. Lottia (Tectura) pintadina. {The types represent the normal condition of Acmea patina. One variety is A. cribraria, Gld. MS. The speci- mens of 4A. mesoleuca intermixed by Dr. G. in the Mexican War coilec- tions were, no doubt, affiliated by an oversight. | 10, 2483. Patella (Tectura) teatilis is a var. of T. persona, Esch. [A well-marked form of delicate growth, passing from A. persona into A. pelta, var. ; from the young of which some specimens can hardly be distinguished, except by the fretted pattern. ] 10, 243. Patella ( Tectura) scabra=spectrum (Nutt.), Rve., not scabra (Nutt.), Rve. [The type-specimens belong to two species, f. 456, 456a, being A. spec- trum, Nutt., while 4566 represents the flattened variety of .4. persona, Esch. (approaching the form digitalis, Esch.). As the diagnosis best accords with the latter shell, P. seabra, Gld., may stand as a synonym of persona, var. ; the intermixed specimen, accidentally figured as belonging to the species, being removed to spectrum, Nutt. Thus the name scabra, not being needed as first described, will remain for Nuttall’s species, described by Rve., but first named in print by Jay.] 16 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 531 Stia, Page. 16. Crepidula lingulata. [Described from a worn specimen. Perfect shells cannot be separated from C. bilobata, Rve.,= C. ? dorsata, var. bilobata, Maz. Cat., nor from the suppos dC. dorsata in Mus. Cum. } Ld. Crepidula nummaria. [Described from an aberrant, worn, and rounded specimen. The normal state is C. navicelloides, Nutt. When grown in hollow bivalves, it becomes monmaria: the contrary extreme, grown in crypts of borers, with another shell or crab over it, is explanata, Gld., = exruviata, Nutt.,=perforans, Val. The Lessonoid form is C. fimbriata, Rve. The young appears to be C. minuta, Midd. But the “( nummaria, Gld.,” of Mus. Cum., is quite a distinct species, not known from the American coast. oy os Natica (Lunatia) Game's [=L. pallida, Br. & Sby.]. 5), 244. Natica (Lunatia) soluta : 50, 244. Natica (Lunatia) algida ; “ R. Negro,” E. E. Shells; “ Oregon,” E. E. Mo’l. i vere: =young of L. Lewisii, Gld., July 1847,=L. herculea, Mida., 1849}, Lacuna carinata, Gld., Nov. 1848 [ Z. solidula, Lov., 1846. Finmark |. , 245. Litorina patula, Gld. {non Jeffr.], Mar. 1849,=L. planaxis (Nutt. |, Phil. 1847. 52, 53. Litorina lepida, scutulata, et plena [are shown by large series to be varietics of one species }. 99. Litorina cincta, Gld., Aug. 1847, Puget Sd. [=L. Siterand, Phil., 1845. This species appears to have been overlooked in the EK. E. Moll. ] 61. Cerithium trroratum, Gld. [= C. obesum, Shy. sen., teste H. Cuming. The type proves this to be an E. I. species, and not the Panamic C. stercus- muscarum, Wal., as supposed by Dr. Gld.: v. C. P. Ad. i loco]. 62. Cerithium filosum, Gld., May 1849 [= Turritella Eschrichtii, Midd., 1849, (Bittium). Comp. C. filosum, Phil. Z. f. M. 1848, p. 84. California }. G4, 245. Fusus (Bela) fidicula. 64, 245. Fusus ( Trophon) Orpheus [(non Baird.) = 7. Fabricii, Moll., in Br. Mus. | 67, 245. Buccinum (Nassa, s. g. Tritt) fossatum. Cesia in Ind. p. 253. aye elegans, Rve., 1842, non Dujardin: =Zaphon e., Add. }. 70, 245. Nassa (Tritia) mendica = N. Woodwardi, Fbs., 1850 [from types:+™. Gibbesii, Coop. }. 71, 245. Columbella (Aha) gausapata. [Belongs to the Nassoid group, Amycla. | 79 Mya precisa |= M. truncata. Scarcely even a variety ; but approaches the form Aldrovandt. | 76, 245. Lutraria ( Tresus) capax. [Dr.G. revives his excellent name; Z. maxima, Jonas, 1844, being anterior to Midd. Conrad’s name, Schizotherus Nuttallii, is, however, very much earlier. | {7, 246. Osteodesma (Lyonsia) bracteatum (+0. nitidum, Gid., in different states of preservation, = L. Californica, Conr. The “ olden nacre” of O. brac- teatum is due to incipient decay, as eenerally happens in A nomiads |. €3, 246. Cardita (Actinobolus) ventricosa. [Appears to be a local variety of the ancient Miocene species, Venericardia borealis ;+ C. occidentalis, Cour., + C. subtenta, Conr. (fossil) probably. | 83. Cardiwn blandum, 1850. [A finely grown Pvar. of C. Californiense, Desh., 1839, Midd. (non C. Cal ifornianum, Conr., 1837, =corbis, var.) = C. pseudo= fossile, Rve., 1844. The name is so like the preoccupied Californianun that it may advantageously be dropped. | 85. Venus rigida, 1850 [non Dillw. 1817. It is fortunate that the name is not needed, as the author has joined two very different species, both of which have other names. The original Latin diagnosis applies to the rough northern form of Tapes staminea, Conr., which is the Saxidonus Petitii. of Desh., and includes V. ruderata, Desh. But the “ specimen, 33 in. long,” which modified the description in the E. E. Moll., and :s figured at f. 538, proves to be the adult form of Zapes tenerrima, Cpr., P. Z. S. July 1856, which is a Californian and not a Panamic species, as had been supposed from Col. J ewett’s label }. Q7, 246, Anodonta cognata= A. Oregonensis, Lea ( probab'y). oi. Anodonta feminalis | =A. angulata, var., teste Lea}. e 2 LZ AR2 BEPORT—1863. Otia, Page. 93. Mytilus (Modiola) flabellatus. [The northern form of Modiola recta, Cone, The “specimens from the Guif of California” must have been M. Bra- ziliensis, intermixed by accident. | 94. Mytilus trossulus (is scarcely a variety of M. edulis, which is very abundant along the coast, under its usual modifications of form and colour ; but generally of small size}. 95. Pecten hericeus, G\d. [=P. hastatus, Sby. sen.]. 97, 246. Terebratula ( Waldhermia) pulvinata. 97, 246. Terebratula (Terebratella) caurina. E. E. Moll. Page. 113. Planorbis corpulentus is of Say. 143. Melania plicifera is of Lea. 436. Anodonta angulata is of Lea. 206. Scalaria australis [is abundantly confirmed from the Vancouver district. It should be called Opala borealis, Gld. |. 244. Purpura ostrina, Gld., ‘Otia,’ p. 225 [is an aberrant smooth var. of P, lapillus, Coop., non Ln.; the normal state being P. saxicola, Val.). The following species, described in the ‘ Otia’ and ¢ FE. E. Moll.’ as from « N. Zealand ’ and an unknown locality, are really from Puget Sound. Otia, Page. 56 D4, Trochus pupillus, Gld., March 1849: N, Zealand (Ziziphinus in Index) := Margarita calostoma, A. Ad., 1851, Comp. 7. modestus, Midd. [which is, however,=ligatus, Gld.,=costatus, Mart. This species is named in the B. M. Col. “ IL costellata, Sby.,” but is distinct, teste A. Ad. & Mus. Cum. ]. 64, 245. Fusus (Neptunea) incisus, Gld., May 1849. Hab.?— [= Tritonium (Fusus) Sitchense, Midd., 1849,= Buceinum dirum, Rve., 1846. | Oo oO 210. Venus calcarea [is correctly described by Dr. G. as from N. Zealand; although quoted by him as the Uregon analogue of V. mercenaria]. 211. Tellina Californica, Cony. {= Macoma inconspicua |. 211. Triton tigrinum ie from Central America, not] Puget Sd. 211. Pecten Fabricit, Phil. [is the young of Islandicus: Dr. G.’s shells are the young of P. (“ rubidus, ?var.”) Hindsit}. 211. Fusus cancellinus. [Dr. G.’s shells are Ocinebra, var. aspera. | 212. Purpura lagena, Gld. [MS., is probably saxicola, var. ]. 213. Pecten Townsendi | has not been identified }. 213. Venus ampliata [is believed by Dr. G. to have been first designated by him as a species, afterwards proved=rigida (Petitii), var. ]}. 44. Middendorff.—The synonymy given in Rep. pp. 214-222 is that of the author, not of the writer of the Report, who is by no means prepared to accept the learned doctor’s identification of species. The three Chitons quoted with doubt from Tilesius have not been confirmed, as from Kamtschatka, by any other writer. The Ch. giganteus has the aspect of the large Ischnochiton Magdalensis ; the Ch. muricatus belongs to the Lophyrus group, which is not known so far north ; and the Ch. setosus has also a 8S. American aspect. The treatise “‘ De Chitone Giganteo Camtschatico additamentum ad Zoographiam tosso-Asiaticum, auctore Tilesio,” was read March 19, 1823, and published in 1824. It contains a very valuable and (for that period) remarkable account of the anatomy of Chitons, but it does not profess to name and describe species in the modern sense. The names, therefore, had better be dropped. Midden- dorff’s new species were first described in the ‘ Bulletin de la Classe Physico- Mathématique de Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg,’ a work of which few complete copies are known in England, under the follow- ing dates. April 20, 1847: vol. vi. No. 8 (total number 128), 18 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 530 Column. 116. Chiton Steller, n. s.,=C. amiculatus, Sby., Rve., non Pallas. 117. Chiton Pallasii, n. s. 117. Chiton Brandtii, n. s. 118. Chiton Mertensii, n. s. { Ischnochiton]. 118. Chiton Eschscholtzii, n. s. 119. Chiton Wosnessenshit, n.s. [A typical Mopalia: mantle indented behind. } 120. Chiton Mercku, n.s. {= Ch. lignosus, Gld., July 1846:= Mopalia Montereyen- sts, Cpr. }. 120. Chiton lividus, n. s. 121. Chiton scrobiculatus, n. s., California. 121. Chiton Sitchensis, n.s. Nov. 1847 (read April 28): vol. vi. No. 20 (total number 140). 317. Patella (? Acmea) ancylordes,n.s. {Probably a delicately grown young patina : the diagnosis, however, suits textilis. Name afterwards altered to per- sonoides, to distinguish from Propilidiwn ancyloide, Fbs. | 818. Patella (?Acmea) eruginosa, n.s. {Probably =tezxtilis, Gld., 1846; but the figure is more like scabra, Nutt. | 318. Patella (? Acmea) pileolus, n.s. {Probably the young of A. pelta; but assigned in Mus. Cum. to a very different shell, =A. rosacea, Cpr. } 318. Patella (? Acmea) Asmi,n.s. {A specimen of A. pelta, in Dr. Cooper’s col- lection, began life as 4. Asmz. | 319. Patella (? Acmea) ceca; genuina, vertice erecto, Atlantic. 319. Patella (? Acmea) ceca, var. concentrica; vertice subinflexo ; with crowded lamellee of growth. 1849; read Oct. 6, 1848: vol. vii. No. 160. “ Vorliufige Anzeige einiger neuer Konchylien aus den Geschlechtern: Litorina, &e., von Dr. A. Th. v. Middendorff.” 241no.1. Litorina grandis. |The specimens in B. M. and Mus. Cum. appear to represent a large var. of L. litorea.| ~ 242 2. Intorina Kurila (like tenebrosa). 242 38. Litorina subtenebrosa. {Probably an extreme var. of Z. Sttchana. | 243 4. Tritonium (Fusus) antiquum, Lu., var. Behringiana. 243 5. Tritonium (Fusus) Behringit. 243 6. Tritonium (Fusus) Baerit. 244 7. Tritonium (Fusus) Sitchense [probably = Chr. dirus, Rve., var. ; but stated to be “e livido viridescente ; columella szepius umbilicata” ]. 244 8, Tritonium (Fusus) luridum [| = Vitularia aspera, Baird, smooth form]. 244 9. Tritoniwm (Buecinum) simpler. 244 10. Tritonium (Buccinum) Ochotense. 245 11. Tritonium (Buccinum) undatum, Linn., var. Schantarica. 245 12. Tritoniwn (Buccinum) oordes. 245 15. Bullia ampullacea (is the genus Voliharpa of Fischer}. 246 15. Natica herculea, North California | =L. Lewisi, Gld., July 1847]. 246 16. Margarita arctica, Leach, var. major. In the text of the 4to volumes, the following corrections are suggested, the numbers referring to the page in the B. A. Report which contains the abstrast. Report, 215. Acmea scutum, D’Orb. [is quite distinct from A. persona, Esch. The latter, as figured by Midd., is a very young shell, not certainly be- longing to the species |. 216. Turritella Eschrichtii. | = Bittium filosum, G\d., May 1849. There being no month-date to Midd.’s species, the excellent name of Gld., which may also be of Phil. 1848, should be retained. | 216. Trochus ater and mestus [are well-marked South American species. Probably the shells intended are Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad., and its congeners. | 216. Trochus euryomphalus | = Phorcus priligo, Mart., teste Dohrn]. 216. Trochus modestus, Md. | =filosus,Wd.,= Calliostoma costatum, Martyn). 216. Trochus (Turbo) Fokkesit [is trom the peninsula of Lower Cal.].° ~ 216. Natica flava, Gld. [is entirely different from any of the synonyms under it,” teste Gld. ]. 19 534 REPORT—1863. e Keport, 216. Scalaria Ochotensis [appears an aberrant Opalia; but is the genus Acirsa of Morch, closely allied to Mesalia, teste A. Ad. |. 216, Crepdula Sitchana [is figured like the young of grandis; but the specimens in Mus. Cum. ., When compared with the similar stage of C. excavata, display no differences either inside, outside, or in the nuclear whorls]. 216. Crepidula minuta {appears the young of C. navicelloides, Nutt. | 216. Crepidula grandis | fossil at Sta. Barbara, = C. princeps, Conr. Can hardly be distinguished from very fine specimens of C. fornicata, sent from Halifax, Nova Scotia, by Mr. Willes]. 217. Trichotropis cancellata, Hds. {is quite distinct from 7. borealis). 217. Purpura decemcostata, Midd. | =P. canaliculata, Ducl. Var. = P. ate tenuata, Rve. Var.=P. analoga, Fbs. | 217. Tritonium (Trophon) clathratum, Ln. [is distinct from the shouldered M. multicostatus, Esch.,= Gunneri, Lov. 217. Tritonium (Fusus) decemcostatum = Chr. Middendorffii, Cooper= Chr. liratus, Martyn. | 218. ZLritonium ( Buccinum) cancellatum [Midd., non] Lam. [=Priene Oregonensis, Redf. P. cancellata is the Cape Horn species. Some specimens in alcohol in Sir E. Belcher’s collection, however, said to be from Icy Cape, greatly resemble the southern shell]. 218. Tritonium (Pollia) scabrum [is exclusively aS. American shell. Dr. M.’s shell may have been Ocinebra, vay. aspera). 218, Pecten rubidus, Has. [non Martyn, =P. Islandicus, Mull. Midd.’s pl. 15. f. 1-3 are marked i in expl. of plates ce Tslandicus, rar. Behringiana ;” they are probably (“rudbidus, Pvar.”) Hinds. But the tigs. 4-6 are ‘certainly the young of Hinnites giganteus |. 219. Venerupis gigantea. | Decorticated specimens of Saxridomus squaldus. 219. Petricola gibba. [ Elongated form of cylindracea, Desh., = carditoides,vax | 219. Machera costata, {The figures represent M. patula, Dixon. | 220. Cingula minuta (“1s quite “distinct from Hi ydrobia ulve,” ve Gld.]. 220. Velutina eryptospira. | Probably a Lamellaria. | 220. Purpura Freyeinettii, Desh. {is quite distinct from attenuata, Rve. It is doubtful whether Midd.’s shells belong to Desh.’s species }. 221. Terebratula frontahs, Midd. 1851, named in 1849, {may be the young of Waldheimia Coreanica, Ad. «&R ve., 1850, = Terebratella miniata, Gld., 1860, teste A. Ad., Rve.]. 221. Astarte lactea, Gld. [is distinct from -A. Scotica, teste Gld. }. 221. Tellina fusca, Say [is distinct from 7. solidula, though it may= 7%. bal- thica ; teste Gld. Macoma inconspicua, Br. & Sby., is distinct from both 222. ae hyalina [is distinct from L. Norvegica). 222. Machera costata, Say. { Dr. Gould does not believe that any of Midd.’s synonyms belong ‘to this species. Solen medtus, i in Br. Mus., appears =S. ambiguus, Lam. . as figured by Swains. It is not a Machera. il 45. Samarang.—Litorina castanea, Ad. & Rvye., 1850. “ Eastern Seas,” p. 49, pl. 11. f. 8 [appears identical with Z. Sitehana, Phil. }. 46. E. B. Philippi.—Columbella teniata, Phil., 1846 [is probably identical with Anachis Gaskoinei, Cpr. But C. teniata, Ad. & Rve., 1850, is perhaps a Nitidella |. 47. The “ Mexican War Naturatists.”—These were Major Rich and Liens, Green. Col. E. Jewett was not connected with the war, as would be supposed from the introduction to Dr. Gould’s pamphlet. The following corrections apply to the new species tabulated in Rep., pp. 226-228. The species of Gould bear date April 1852 (teste Otia, p. 184) and Nov. 1851 (Otia, p. 210); the others, July 1856. No. 3. Corbula polychroma [= C. biradiata, var. }. 7. Teilina tersa {= Macoma nasuta, jun. Cal., not Pan.) 20 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 535 8. Tellina pura | =M. Mazatlanica, jun. Desh., Mus. Cum. ]. 11. Donax flecuosus | =D. Lamarckn, Desh., in B. M.}. 18. Gnathodon mendicus {| = G. trigonum, Pet., May 1853]. 15. Raéta undulata {is distinct from Harvella elegans |. 20. Cardium luteolabrum |= C. quadragenariun, Cony. |. 21. Cardium cruentatum | =Liocardium substriatum, Conv. }. 27. Modiola nitens | = M. subpurpureus, Mus. Cum., and is not from Cal.]. 23. Adula falcata. [The locality of Mr. Cuming’s specimens has not been con- firmed. Jor “species,” in note, read “specimens.” | 31. Lima tetrica. [The specimens from the Mediterranean, W. Indies, Guif Cal., and Pacific Islands were all named ZL. sguamosa by Mr. Cuming. | 33. Bulimus vesicalis (nem. preoc.)= B. sufflatus, ‘ Otia,’ p. 184. 40. Nacella paleacea. | Col. Jewett’s specimens appear distinct from WN. depicta, ds. } 41. Trochus marcidus. {This shell was called Omphalius Pfeifferi by Mr. Cuming, from the resemblance of the figure, in which the umbilicus appears keeled ; but the shell marked ‘type,’ answering to the diagnosis, along with ‘ Chloro- stoma’ maculosum, A. Ad., are scarcely varieties of Phorcus pulligo,- Martyn. The finest series is in the B. M. | 43. Livona picoides [has been heard of, but not seen since the explorations of Col. J. Dr. Gld. still considers the species distinct: among the very dissimilar varieties from the W. Indies (vide suite in B. M.) it would probably not have been singled out as a species, but for the theory of the author]. 45. Crucibulum Jewettii [should be corrugatum, P. Z. 8.1}. 47. Modulus dorsuosus. (Col. J. now thinks that the supposed Acapulco specimens are W. Indian, =/enticularis, Chem. When dead, the forms from the two oceans can hardly be distinguished ; but the aspect of his shells is Caribbzean. ] 54. Conus ravus { = C. Californicus, Hds. |. 56. Conus pusillus, Gd. [non Chem. =nux, small var., teste Cuming]. 57. Obeliscus achates | =O. clavulus, A. Ad., 1854]. 65. Columbella Sta.-Barbarensis [so named to correct the statement that California was above the limit of the genus, proves to be a Mexican shell, and was probably obtained at Acapulco. Having been redescribed by Reeve from erfect specimens, it may stand as C. Reeve? |. 66. Mitidella Gouldit. [Not to be confounded with Col. Gouldiana, Agass., which is probably Amyela. | 67. Fusus ambustus {is a Californian species. The type stands in Mus. Cum. as F. fragosus, Rve., but does not answer to the diagnosis. The typical fragosus is marked fragosus, var. F. ambustus appears absolutely identical with 7 clavatus, Brocchi, Mediterranean. Some of the diagnostic marks are not con- stant in the specimens |. Col. Jewett went to Panama, as a private collector, in January 1849, spending ten weeks in that region, including Taboga. This was two years before Prof. Adams’s explorations. Thence he sailed to San Francisco, where he spent four months in exploring the shore for about 50 miles from the head of the bay. After labouring for a week at Monterey, he spent ten weeks at Sta. Barbara and the neighbourhood, thoroughly exploring the coast for fifteen miles as far as Sta. Bonadventura. It was here, at the “ Rincon,” after a violent southern storm, that he obtained the specimens of Livona picoides, as well as many other rare species that have not been obtained by any other explorer. ‘The storm tore up the kelp to such a degree that it formed a bank for many miles on the beach, from 10 to 20 feet broad, and at least 4 feet deep. Many of the plants were more than 60 feet long and 5 inches in diameter, having the appearance of vast cables.” Before his return to the east, he also collected at Mazatlan (where he obtained some species not included in the B. M. Catalogue) and at Acapuleo. There can be no doubt of the accuracy of the Colonel’s observations at the time they were made. Unsurpassed in America asa field-paleoutologist, possessed of accurate 21 . 536 REPORT— 1863. discrimination, abundant carefulness, and unwearied diligence and patience, no one was better fitted to collect materials for a scientific survey of the coast. But, unfortunately for his (as for the Nuttallian) shells, he did not describe them at the time himself. They were subjected to all the derangements caused by frequent changes of residence, and transmission to various naturalists for identification. As we know what errors creep into the collections of the most learned under such circumstances, it is not surprising that they should now have lost much of their geographical value. After several days spent | in a very searching elimination of the west-coast shells from his general col- | lection, I was driven to the conclusion that several labels had become mis- placed. This was so clearly the case as to certain N. England and W. Indian species interchanged with Pacific specimens, that it might also affect. (e. g.) i | Sta. Barbara and Panama specimens as compared with each other. The kelp | driven up by the great storm may have travelled from remote localities ; which i will account for tropical shells having been found at Sta. Barbara, as W. Indians-occasionally are even on our own shores. It is possible also, as the Californian seas have as yet been but little dredged, that deep-water species ? live there which as yet are known only in the tropical province. Already some Gulf species have been thus obtained at San Diego and Catalina Island ! by Dr. Cooper, just as Mr. M‘Andrew dredged Mediterranean species on the coast of Norway. But facts of such importance should rest on better evidence than chance shells picked on a beach, and subjected to dangers of altered labels afterwards. What was regarded by Dr. Gould as of authority is cata- logued, according to his determinations of species, on pp. 226-231 of the first Report. The following is a list of the species which I found in the collection’, divided simply into the temperate and the tropical faunas. SS Species of the Temperate Fauna, collected by Col. Jewett t. = i Pholadidea penita, ovoidea. Tapes staminea, tenerrima*. i Saxicava pholadis. Saxidomus squalidus. ‘ | Schizotheirus Nuttallii. Petricola carditoides. a Cryptomya Californica. Rupellaria lamellifera. | Lyonsia Californica. Lazaria subquadrata *f. i | Solen ?sicarius, var. rosaceus *f, Chama pellucida. Macheera patula. Lucina Californica. ; Solecurtus Californianus, subteres, Diplodonta orbella. H | Macoma nasuta, secta. Mytilus Californianus, edulis. Hl | Lutricola alta. Modiola modiolus, recta, fornicata*f. Semele decisa, rubrolineata. Leda ceelata. | Donax Californicus, flexuosus*, Pecten hastatus, latiauritus, (Pventrico- i | Standella ?Californica. sus, var.) equisulcatus*}, squarro- i Trigona crassatelloides, sus *t, paucicostatus *f. i | Psephis tantilla*. Amusium caurinum, jun. Amiantis callosa. Hinnites giganteus. Chione succincta, fluctifraga, simillima. | Bulla nebulosa. . * This collection belongs to his daughter, Mrs. Boyce, of Utica, N.Y. The Colonel’s invaluable collection of U. S. Paleozoic fossils (probably the largest made by any indivi- dual’s own hand) may be consulted at the State Museum in Albany, and will probably find its ultimate destination at one of the principal colleges. A large number of the fossils described by Prof. Hall were from this collection, though often without acknow- ledgment. Only a small proportion of the types of the celebrated ‘ Paleontology’ are to be found in the State Collection, which was subjected to disastrous and very extensive curtailment before Col. J. entered on his present duties as curator. * These species and marked varieties were first found by Col. J. + Of these forms, either not seen or not distinguished by Dr. Gould, the diagnoses are written, and will probably be found in one of the scientific periodicals for 1864. ~ Unless otherwise stated in the list, Report, pp. 228-281, it may be presumed that these species were from the neighbourhood of Sta. Barbara. 22 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST Tornatina cerealis*, culcitella*. Cylichna (?cylindracea, var.) attonsa *f. Volvula cylindrica *f. Cryptochiton Stelleri. Mopalia muscosa. Nacella incessa, paleacea®. Acma patina, pelta, persona, scabra, spectrum, Asm. Scurria mitra. Fissurella volcano. Glyphis densiclathrata. Halotis Cracherodii, rufescens,splendens. Phasianella(?compta,vars. )punctulata*f, pulloides*}, elatior*T. Pomaulax undosus. Trochiscus Norrisii, convexus*f. Calliostoma canaliculatum, costatum, Livona picoides *. Homalopoma sanguineum. Chlorostoma funebrale, Pfeifferi. Crucibulum spinosum. Crepidula adunca, dorsata, rugosa. Hipponyx tumens *f. Serpulorbis squamigerus. Bittium esuriens*f, fastigiatum *f. Cerithidea sacrata. Litorina planaxis, scutellata. Amphithalamus inclusus*ft. Lacuna unifasciata*, Radius variabilis. Luponia spadicea: Trivia Californica, Erato columbella, vitellina. 537 COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. Drillia inermis, mcesta*}. Daphnella filosa *+. Mangelia variegata *t, angulata*f. Myurella simplex *f. Conus Californicus. Odostomia gravida*, inflata*t. Chemnitzia tenuicula *, torquata* (et Pvar. stylina *f), virgo *t, aurantia *t, crebrifilata *, tridentata *7. Dunkeria laminata *f. Eulima Thersites *7. Opalia bullata *f. Lunatia Lewisil. Cerithiopsis ? tuberculata, purpurea *f. Marginella Jewettii *, Ppolita, regula- ris *}, subtrigona *t. (Volvarina varia, serrata; perhaps im- ported, or label changed.) Olivella biplicata, beetica + [ =petiolita, Gld.,+-anazora, Gld., MS. (non Ducl.) =rufifasciata, teste Cum., by error]. Purpura crispata, saxicola. Nitidella Gouldii *. Ocinebra Poulsoni. Pteronotus festivus. Columbella carinata, Hindsii. Amycla ?Californiana, gausapata, tubes rosa *f. Nassa perpinguis, mendica. PAnachis penicillata *f. Siphonalia fuscotincta *f. fortior *f, Species of the Tropical Fauna, collected by Col. Jewett *. Pholas crucigera { = lanceolata]. Dactylina laqueata. Corbula bicarinata, biradiata, nasuta, tenuis, ovulata §, nuciformis §. Sanguinolaria miniata *§. Psammobia casta. Tellina felix, puella*, punicea, “ ru- bella.” Heterodonax bimaculatus et vars. §. Strigilla carnaria (white and red vars.)§ pisiformis§, sincera. Semele pulchra §, venusta §. Iphigenia altior. Donax transyersus, navicula, gracilis, carinatus, rostratus §, punctatostria- tus §, v. celatus §, assimilis. Mulinia angulata. Harvella elegans. Trigona planulata ||, Hindsii §. Dezinia Dunkeri. Callista aurantia, chionza, circinata §, tortuosa, lupinarial|, rosea||, v. puellas. Chione amathusia, sugillata, neglecta. Anomalocardia subimbricata, subrugosa. Tapes grata,+ vars. discors, fuscolineata. Petricola pholadiformis, var. Crassatella gibbosa. Venericardia laticostata, radiata. Lazaria affinis. Chama frondosa, spinosa. Cardium consors §, senticosum, proces rum, obovale. Hemicardium biangulatum §, graniferum. Liocardium apicinum §. Codakia tigerrina ||]. Lucina eburnea §, excavata §, pectinata. Felania tellinoides §, var. Modiola Brasiliensis, capax. Lithophagus aristatus. Arca grandis, tuberculosa. * Unless otherwise specified, either by §, ||, or locality-marks in Rep. pp. 228-231, these species may be presumed to have come from the Panama district. § These species were probably from Acapulco. || Probably from Mazatlan. “| Another specimen, 3°78 in. across, is marked “ Sta. Barbara” on the shell, 23 ——— EO << CS—~;3<~<~<~ YPté bo Calyptrea Pextinctorium. [Sby., non Lam, The non-pitted form of imbricata. | Calyptrea spinosa. > * The last Part (no. 34) appeared “ March 31, 1851,” many years after the previous issues ; teste Ianl. 1863. AT 562 r.crort—1883, Rye, { Sby. Fig. Fig. Sowerby’s Genera, 5. Calyptrea imbricata. [The pitted form. Appears in C.S%., f.1, a3 C. rugosa, Less.”’ | 7. Calyptrea Pspinosa, var. [The flat, smooth form of spinosa. Appears 1m C.5S., fig. 4, as “ C. cinerea, Rve., P. Z. S. 1842,” p. 50. On a log of wood floating off Cape Horn. | Bulla virescens. Nerita ornata [ =scabricosta, Lam.]. 3. Litorina pulchra, = Turbo p., Swains, LTitorina varia. Panama. Cerithium varicosum. Cerithium Paevficum. [Closely resembles Potamis ebeninus.} Fasciolaria aurantiaca | with opere. (non Lam.) =F. princeps,Lam., Rve.). Murex phyllopterus and operc. { Appears= Cerostoma foliutum. The operc. seems to have been rubbed outside. } Coiumbella strombiformis, Lam. Columbella labiosa. “ California” [7. e., Panama, &c. ]. Purpura patula | Linn. “= Perdicea nodosa, Petiver, = Cymbium tubercsum patulum, Martini.” Rve. C. 8. ]. Purpura planospirata. Purpura callosa | = Cuma cea Monoceros lugubre [=cymatwn, Tank. Cat.]. Monoceros cinyulatum | Lam.: Leucozonia}. Trichotropis bicarinata, and | Nassoid | operculum. ; et porphyria [Linn., “ , “= Cylinder porphyreticus, D’Arg.,= Castra Ture cica, Martini.”” Rve. C. S.]. . Cyprea pustulata { Lam. }. . ce Po oun ton Or OT LO EI bo rhe ° 290 Phy re: Pr REDD The following additional West Coast species, figured in the ‘Conch. Syst.,’ may be quoted for their synonymy. ‘The authorities for all the species are siven, but no localities :— Pl. Fig. 26 1. Solecurtus Dombeyt, Lam. [appears intermediate between S. Dombey?, Mus. Cum. , and S. ambiguus, Lam. £59 7. Turbo squamiger, Rve. P. Z. 8. 1842, p- 186 [without locality. ‘Gala- pagos, Cuming,’ in Conch. Ic. Also Acapulco, Jewett, &e. |. 229) 2. Turbinellus acuminatus, Wood, Kien. [ closely resembles Latirus eastaneus |. 203 3. Buceinum elegans, Rve., P. Z. 8. 1842, from Hinds’s Col. [is the southern, highly developed ann of B. fossatum, Gld. The name is Ce d by. a Touraine fossil, Bi elegans, Duj., in Desh. An. s: Vert. x. p. 219, no. 22. As Rve.’s species is a Nassa, and there is another ie elegas, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 56, pl. 24. f. 97,= Nassa e., Rve. Conch. Ic., ic will save confusion to allow Gld.’s later name to stand }. 228 5,6. ae serratum, Dufr.,=Nassa Northie, Gray [= Northia pristis, Desh. }. 62. Reeve, ‘Conchologia Iconica.—The following corrections should be made in the abstract, Rep. pp. 289-293. 20. [Semele flavicans should be flavescens, et passim. 33. Siphonaria amara “ a Sandwich Is. species, quite distinct from C. lecaniwm]. 88. Patella clypeaster \is a S. American species, haying no connexion with A. putina, or with Monterey]. 60. Patella cinis | =A. pelta, not patina, var. ]. 67. Patella vespertina. [P. ,stipulata, sp. 117, is pr obably a var. of this species. | C9. Patella toreuma rc var.” in Mus. Cum., « Mazatlan,” probably=lvescens. No ( shell of this Zealand) type has ‘been found on the coast by any of the American collectors }. * Sowerby’s (correct) name appears on Reeve’s plate; but in the text of C.S., f. 9 is called “a species ot Tu, dénelius insevied inadvertentiy,” 48 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 563 81. Patella Nuttalliana. (Mus. Cum.,= A. pelta, typical. The figure looks more like patina. | 149. Patella mamillata, Nutt. [non Esch., is an elevated, stunted form of the black ? var. of scabra, Nutt. The name being preoccupied, this distinct form may stand as limatula}. 64. Fissurella densiclathrata [is distinct from G. aspera. Sta. Barbara, Jewett]. 67. Turbo marginatus | Rve., non} “ Nutt.” [is a Pacifie species, quoted by Messrs. Adams as the Collonia marginata of Gray ; but that is a Grignon fossil, olim Delphinula (teste type in Brit. Mus.). The Nuttallian shell, published in Jay’s Cat., was described by A. Ad. as Chlorostoma funebrale= Chl. mastum, auct. (non Jonas, the true Z. mestus being 8. American, tesie A. Ad. and Mus. Cum.) ]. 39. Cyprea onyx [is the E. Indian, C. spadicea the similar 8. Diegan species]. The following species, either quoted from the W. Coast, or known to in- habit it, or connected with it by synonymy, have been observed in Reeve’s ‘Conch. Ic.’ since the date of the last Report. The number of the species also refers to the figure. For the remarks enelosed in [ ] the writer of this Re- port, here as elsewhere, is alone responsible. 56. Fusus turbinelloides, Rve., Jan. 1848. ?Africa, Mus. Cum. [ = Stphonala pallida, Br. and Sby.; spines somewhat angular]. 62. Fusus cancellatus, Lam. “ Unalaska, Kamtschatka, Mus. Cum.” [Doubtless the origin of the prevalent locality-error ]. 10. Fusus Nove-Hollandie, Rve., Jan. 1848. N. Hol., Metcalfe. [As Mr. Met- calfe gave numerous West Coast shells to Brit. Mus. under locality “N.H.,” this shell also was probably from W. Mexico,= F. Dupetithouarsii, Kien. | 91. Fusus Gunneri, Lov., (Tritonium), Ind. Suec. p.12. Greenland. [= Tro- phon multicostatus, Esch. The fig. should be 99, 6; f. 91= Bamffius. | 52. Cardium pseudofossile, Rve. ‘P. ZS. 1844.” Hab. ?— [Not found in P. Z. 8.,=C. Californiense, Desh., 1839, non C. Californianum, Conr., 1837. This is the Eastern form; the Californian Pvar.= C. blandwn, ae 67. Buceinum modrficatum, Rve., Dec. 1345. Hab. ?— [Agrees sufficiently we! with worn specimens from La Paz, Mus. Smiths.,= Szphonala, closely allied to pallda. | 62. Buecinum dirum, Rve., Dec. 1846. Hab.?— Mus. Cum. [Worn specimen of Chrysodomus Sitchensis, Midd., 1849,= F. incisus, Gld., May 1849. | 110. Bucetnum corrugatum, Rve., Feb. 1847. Hab.?— [‘ Zruncaria,” Cuming, MS. “ Pisania,’ H. Adams. Vancouver, most abundant. | 2. Sanguinolaria ovalis, Rve., March 1857. Cent. Am. [?=S. miniata, jun, 3. S. tellinoides, A. Ad., is the same, adolescent; 5. S. purpurea, Desh., adult. } 4, Psammobia maxima, Desh., P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 317. Panama. [Closely resems bling Ps. rubroradiata, Nutt. Puget Sound. ] 19. Mytilus palliopunctatus, Dkr. Cal. and Mazatlan. [No authority for Cal.] 41. Mytilus bifurcatus, Conr., J. A.N.S. Phil. Hab. ? [Conr. assigns his Nuttallian species to California; but it is the common Sandw. Is. species, teste Pse. he Californian shell, with the same sculpture, is a Septifer, and is the S. bifurcatus of Mus. Cum. | 44. Mytilus Sallei (Dreissina), Recl. Central America. [? On which slope. ] 52. Mytilus Cumingianus, Recl. Panama. [ Septifer.] 60. Mytilus glomeratus, Gid. Hab. ?—* {[Gould’s species is from California, but the name is attached to a very different shell in Mus. Cum. ] * Several species occur in the recent monographs without locality, which are well known to inhabit the W. Coast. This is partly due to the writer not thinking it neces- sary to refer to published booksfor information, and partly to the changes which have of late years been made in the principal authority, viz. the Cumingian collection. By the redistribution of species into the modern genera, the student is greatly aided in his search for special forms; but, for the sake of uniformity, the autograph labels of collectors or describers of species are generally rejected, the names being either in the handwriting of the clerk or from the printed index in the monograph, and representing only the judg- ment of the latest worker, which may or may not be correct, Synonyms, whether real 4 49 ee ee —eeeeeeeeeeeeEeEEEEeEeOEEEEEEEOEEeorreeee 564 11. 17. 15. 14. 16. ao REPORT—1869. Modiola capax, Conr. Galapagos, Cwming. [Lower] California, Nuttall. Mazatlan, Carpenter. (Reigen is the authority for the shells described in the Maz. Cat., not Cpr. } Modiola Braziliensis, Chem. “ Brazil.” [At f. 31, which appears the true Brazilian shell, we are informed that this specimen is a ‘variety from Guayaquil.” | Modiola nitens, “Cpr. Cat. Reigen Col. Brit. Mus. California.” [The shell was erroneously described as from “ California” in P. Z.S., aud does not appear in the Reigen Mazatlan Cat.: = 1. subpurpureus, Mus. Cum. ] . Lithodomus cinnamominus, Chem. Philippine Is. and St. Thomas, W. I. [=Z. cinnamomeus, Maz. Cat. 177. Probably an Adula.] . Lithodomus Cumingianus, Dkr., MS. “ North Australia and Mazatlan.” [The species is figured from the Mazatlan specimen, which may probably be the adult form of Z. calyculatus, Cpr.* The cup is not distinct, but shows a tendency to the peculiar formation described in Maz. Cat. no, 174. Rve.’s diagnosis, however, appears written from Dkr.’s Australian speci- mens, so labelled in Mus. Cum.—a very distinct species, without incrus- tations. The name was given by Mr. Cuming to a large Chilian species brought by the U.S. Expl. Exp. | . Lithodomus Gruneri, Phil. MS. in Mus. Cum. “N. Zealand.” [The species =L. falcatus, Gid., and is certainly from California, where it is found in the rocks with Pholadidea penita. | Lithodomus teres, Phil. “Mazatlan.” [The specimens in Mus. Cum. are labelled “ Cagayan, Phil.” } Lithodomus coarctata, Dkr. Galapagos, Cuming. [= Crenella e., Maz. Cat. 172. ] Lithodomus caudigerus, Lam. “ West Indies” [without authority]. “The calcareous incrustation produced beyond the ant. extremity is no specific characteristic.” [Vide reasons for contrary opinion, Maz. Cat. no. 176: = L. aristatus. Dr. Stimpson has seen Lithophagus arranging its peculiar incrustation with its foot. } . Lithodomus pessulatus, Rve. (Oct. 1857). Hab. 9— [The unique sp. figured is labelled “ Mazatlan” in Mus. Cum. It resembles plumula, with ventral transverse ruge. | . Lithodomus subula, Rve. Hab. ?— [= L. plumula, vay. | . Avicula Cumingii, Rve., March 1857. “Ld. Hood’s Is., Pacifie Ocean, attached to rocks, 10 fms., Cuming.” |?=Margaritiphora fimbriata, Dkzx., var. | . Avicula barbata, Rve. Panama, under stones at low water, Cuming. [= IM. Jimbriata, Dkr.,=M. Mazatlanica, Hanl.| “ Differs from Cumingit in regular sequence of scales, developed only at margin, and yellowish tone of colour.” . Avicula heteroptera, Lam. N. Holland. “ =A. sterna, Gld.” [Gould’s species is from Gulf Cal.; but in Mus. Cum. it is marked inside “ senusagitta.” | . Placunanomia foliata, Brod. Is. Muerte, Bay Guayaquil. “ May=echinata, W.L., but has very much larger orifice.” . Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. ‘ Onalaska, Cuming” [who never was there]. Kamtschatka, Desh. [Vancouver district, abundant. ] Thracia plicata, Desh. “ Myr. Cuming has specimens from California and St. Thomas, W.1.” [Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. | Melania. {Various species are described from ‘“ Central America,” &c., which or supposed, are rejected altogether. Thus shells sent to Mr. Cuming, with authentic name and locality attached, may appear soon after without any, or with erroneous, quotation. The error is rendered graver by appearing with the weighty authority of “Mus. Cum.” * The species described in the Brit. Mus. Cat. seldom appear in the monographs, unless there happen to be a specimen in Mus. Cum. Some of the monographers often content themselves with figuring the shells that come most easily to hand; and do not seem to consider it a part of their work to pass judgment on previously described species, or to concern themselves with what are small or difficult. 50 50. 367. . Cancellaria funiculata, Hds.,= C. lyrata, Ad. and Rve. Gulf Magdalena. 56. 10. 12. 72. 30. 12. 15. 22. ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 565 may or may not belong to the Pacific slope. They should be studied in connexion with U.S. forms, but are not here tabulated. | Melania Buschiana, Rve. “California.” [No authority. Very like the young of M. scwpio, Gld. | Melania nigrina, Lea, MS. in Mus. Cum. “Shasta, California.” Litorina irrorata, Say. “Sitcha.” [The “ Sitcha” shell is Z. modesta, Phil. Say’s species is the well-known form from the Gulf of Mexico. | . Terebra strigata, Sby., + elongata, W ood., =flammea, Less.,=zebra, Kien. “ Pa- nama, Galapagos, and Philippines, Cuming; Moluccas, &c.” [Painting in stripes. | Terebra robusta, Hds. Panama, &e. [= 7. Lorotst, Guér., teste Rve. P. Z.S,. 1860, p. 450. Painting splashed. | ; Terebra variegata, Gray. ‘Mouth of the Gambia, Senegal, Mazatlan, Co- lumbia. It is well known to those who have studied the geographical distribution of animal life, that the fauna of the West African seas, north of Sierra Leone, is in part identical with the fauna of the seas of California and the W. Indies; and geologists, among whom was the late Prof. E. Forbes, have laboured, not unsuccessfully, to account for this phenomenon.” [ Vide Maz. Cat. p. 157, B. A. Rep. p. 865. In the pre- sent instance, however, there will be more than cne opinion as to the identity of the species here quoted. ]+ TZ africana, Gray, + T. Huper, Lorois, + T. intertincta, Hds.,+ 7. marginata, Desh., + T. albocincta, Cpr., + 7. Hindsir, Cpr.,+ T. subnodosa, Cpr. Terebra armillata, Hds. “ Panama, Galapagos. Somewhat doubtful whether this is not a var. of 7. variegata.” [If the others are, probably this is. Those species of Hinds, which Mr. Reeve has not altered, are not here repeated. . Lerebra dislocata [as Cerithium], Say. “Southern U.S. and California.” [No 34. authority given for Cal. ] Terebra rudis, Gray, “ = M. rufocinerea, Cpr. 8. Carolina, Jay. Somewhat doubtful whether this is not a var. of dislocata.” |'The J. rufocinerea is one of the difficult Mazatlan shells, and should share the fate of 7. Hindsit and 7. subnodosa. | Terebra cinerea, Born. “W. Africa, Hennah; Japan, Hds.; Philippines, Cuming; W.1., C. B. Adams; Mazatlan, Cpr.” |i. e. Reigen. The same remarks apply to this group as to vartegata, &e.]+ T. castanea, Kien., non Hds.,+ T. laurina, Hds.,+ T. luctuosa, Hds.,+ T. stylata, Hds.,+ 7. Jumai- censis, C. B. Ad. . Terebra aspera, Hds.,+ T. Petiveriana, Desh. Panama, 8. A., Cuming, Bridges. . Calyptrea tortis, Rve. Galapagos, Cuming. . Calyptrea alveolata, A. Ad., MS. Galapagos, Cumung. . Crepidula excavata, Brod. Chili[?], Cuming. . Crepidula nautiloides*, Less., MS. in Mus. Cum. “New York.” [=Q dilatata. | . Crepidula marginalis, Brod. Panama, Cuming. [V. Maz. Cat. p. 292, note.] . Crepidula rugosa, Nutt. Upper Cal. [An accidentally ribbed specimen, figured from Mus. Taylor. . Crepidula fimbriata, Rve. (June 1859). Vancouver’s Straits. [This is to navicellordes, Nutt., no. 97, as Lessonii is to sguama ; simply an accidentally frilled var. } Crepidula adunca, Sby. [Not] Panama. =C. solida, Hds.,=rostriformis, Gld. [This is the northern species from Vancouver and Cal., and is not} =uncata, Mke. Crepidula arenata, Brod. St. Elena (not Helena, Desh.), Cuming. Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. Lobos Is., Peru, Cuming; California, Nitt., Cpr. [t.e. Mazatlan, Rewgen|; Honduras, Dyson; Sandw. Is., Austr., Kur- * Several 8. American forms are here quoted for the synonymy ; because in Calyptraide the species often have a wide range, and should be studied in connexion with their neighbours. ‘ 51 =S+ 4 —— Ss == ee ES REPORT—1863. rachee, mouth of Indus. + C. hystryzx, Brod.,+ C. echinus, Brod. ,+ C. Cah= fornica, Nutt. ° F . Crepidula rostrata, C. B. Ad. Panama. [=C. uncata, Mke., nom. prior. This tropical form presents distinctive marks. ] . Crepidula exuviata, Nutt. Monterey. [=C. explanata, Gld.,=C. perforans, Val. An abnormal form of C. navicelloides, Nutt. : C. nummaria, Gld., is the opposite cee . Crepidula bilobata, Gray [t.e. Cpr.], MS. in Mus. Cum. {= C. dorsata, Brod. Vide Maz. Cat. no. 336, where the origin of the MS. name would have been found explained. It appears to be principally a northern species = C. lingulata, Gld.] . Crepidula lirata, Rve. {Gulf of] California. [Intermediate form between C. incurva and C, onyx, described in Maz. Cat. p. 277.] . Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray. “= C. rugosa, Less.,= C. imbricata, Sby., non Brod.” Payta, Zess.; PuntaSt. Elena, Cuming. { Vide Maz. Cat. no. 343. ] . Crucibulum rugosum, “Desh., non Less.,= C. lignaria, Brod., ? var. = C. gem- macea, Val.” Island of Chiloé, Cuming. | Vide Maz. Cat. p. 290. ] . Crucibulum ferrugineum, Rye. Bay of Conception, Chili, Cuming. [=C. quiriquina, Less., D’Orb., = C. Byronensis, Gray, in Brit. Mus. Like a rough degraded form of C. spinosum. | . Crucibulum umbrella, Desh.= C. rudis, Brod. Panama and Real Llejos. 's corrugatum, Cpr. “Cal.” [ Mazatlan, Jewett, P. Z. 8. 1856, p.204. ] 35 embricatum, Brod. Panama. [=C. imbricatum, Sby.,=C. scue tellatum, Gray, no. 2, var. | 10. Crucibulum spinosum, Sby. Seas of Central America. [Extends northwards to California; southwards it degenerates into C. gairiquina. |= C. peziza, Gray,+C. hispida, Brod.,+ C. maculata, Brod.,+ C. tubifera, Less.,+ C. cinerea, Rve. 11. Crucibulum pectinatum, Cpr., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 168. Peru. [ Panama, Jewett. ] Nile 35 auritum, Rye.,=C. striata, Brod., non Say. Valparaiso, Cuming. [Passes into Galerus. ] 21. Crucibulum serratum, Brod. Real Llejos and Muerte, Cuming. [Like young of C. pectinatum; nearly transparent; white, with purple ray. | 22. Crucibulum sordidum, Brod.,+ C. unguis, Brod. Valparaiso and Panama, Cume ing. [= Galerus; v. Maz. Cat. p. 292, note. The author distributes the species of this genus between Zrochita and Crucibulum. | 4. Trochita aspera |Rve. as of] C.B. Ad. Panama. [The small var. of Galerus conicus. Probably = C. aspersa, C. B. Ad., no. 331.] 7. Trochita subreflera, Cpr., MS. in Mus. Cum. Gulf of California. [ = Galerus subreflecus, Cpr. in P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 233.] 9. Trochita corrugata|?cujus. Comp. Calyptrea corrugata, Brod. |. Callao, Cuming. 8. Trochita spirata, Fbs. ‘? =P. trochiformis, Chem.” Gulf California. [ Vide anted, p. 542. | 10. Trochita solida [?Rve.]. Conchagua, Mus. Cum. [?= Galerus mamillaris. ] ll. Perna anomioides, Rve. March 1858, Califernia, Mus. Cum. [No autho- rity ; appears= P. costellata, Conr., Sandwich Islands. ] 18. Perna Californica | Rve., non] Cony. California, Conr. [i. e. Nudt.] Honduras, Dyson. “ Distinguished by the Pedum-like form and clouded, livid purple colouring. {This is the well-known large tlat West Indian species; not known in California. ] 3. Umbrella ovalis, Cpr. Mouth of Chiriqui River, Bay of Panama, [not] Cuming as Bae The species was also found at Cape St. Lucas by antus. 6. Lanthina fragilis, Lam.,=T. striulata, Cpr. West Indies, Mazatlan, California. [ Vide Maz. Cat. no. 242: non J. striolata, Ad. and Rye. | 19. Lanthina decollata, Cpr. Probably = J. globosa, vavr.. [ Maz. Cat. no. 245. Of the two Maz. forms, provisionally named, this appears the least entitled to specific rank. | 40. Columbella Bridgesit, Rve. April 1858. Panama, Bridges. [Appears the small yar. of C. major. | 43. Columbella Boivini | = Boivinii, Kien.|. Gulf Nicoyia, Hinds, 52 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 567 46. Columbella acicula, Rve. California. {No authority. ] 56. Columbella encaustica, Rve. Gulf California, Lieut. Shipley, Mus. Cum, 57. .Columbella vexillum, Rve. Gulf California. [No au‘hority. | 62. Columbella cribraria, Quoy and Gaim. [i.e. Lam.]= C. gttata, Sby. Panama, common under stones, Cuming. |No other localities given. V. Niti- della cribraria, Maz. Cat. no. 613. ] 72. Columbella electroides, Rve. Bay of Guayaquil. 74. Columbella Pacifica, Gask. Galapagos. 109. Columbella pusilla, Sby. Island of St. Vincent, W. I. “= Nitidella Gouldit, Cpr.” [The Netidella is a distinct Upper Californian species. ] 120. Columbella lactea, Rve. Gulf Calif., Wr. Babb, RN. [A Nitidella, so tran- ' sparent that the axis can be seen throughout. | 122. Columbella Sta-Barbarensis, Cpr. Sta. Barbara. “ Not merely faintly striated, teste Cpr., but unusually grooved.” [Described from a worn specimen in Jewett’s Col., and named to mark a more northern limit to the genus than had been assigned by Forbes. The label was probably incorrect, as the shell lives in the tropical fauna, C. S. Lucas, Xantus: Acapulco, New- berry ; Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths. The name (as expressing error) should therefore be altered to C. Reevei, Cpr. ] 123. Columbella spadicea, Phil, MS. in Mus. Cum. Mazatlan. [Described by Phil. in Zeit. f. Mal. 1846: B. A. Rep. p. 225.] 180. Columbella venusta, Rve. (Mazatlan, EL. Philippi.) =C. teniata, Phil. [in Zeit. f. Mal. 1846], not Ad. and Rve., [ Voy. Samar. 1850; therefore Phil. has precedence. ?=Anachis Gaskoinet, Maz. Cat. no. 652. The Sama- rang shell is probably a Mtvdedla. | 152. Columbella sulcosa, Shy. Annaa and Ld. Hood’s Islands*. Cuming. 135. Columbella Gouldi, Agass., MS. in Mus. Cum., Noy. 1858. [= Amyela Goul- diana, Agass., Atlantic; non Mitedella Gouldu, Cpr. | 142. Columbella uncinata, Shy. Is. Muerte, Bay Guayaquil. [Acapulco, Jevett.] 165. Columbella Californica, Rye. April 1859. California. [No authority, Like Anachis lirata. | 176. Columbella rorida, Rve. Lord Hood’s Island*, Cuming. [Transparent, glossy, with necklace of opake white dots. | Genus Meta { = Conella, Swains, eliminated by Rve. from Columbella; but Anachis, Strombina, Amycla (pars), and Nitidella, which do not even belong te the same family, if the opercula are to be trusted, are left in the old place. Of the six species, the author only knew the locality for one], M. Dupontie, Kien.—Ichaboe, South Africa; [but that of | AZ. ovoides, “CO. B. Ad., MS.” [is shown by his published works to be Jamaica; and the following are from the West Coast]. 3. Meta Saat Rve. {La Paz, Mus. Smiths.; C. S. Lucas, Xantus; Panama, Jewett. 4, Meta coniformis, Shy. [? Panama, Jewett. ] 24, Ziziphinus luridus, Nutt., MS. in Mus. Cum. California. [Is not known from the American coast ; comp. Sandwich Islands. | 25. Ziziphinus eximius, Rve., P. Z. 8. 1842. Panama, sandy mud, 10 fms, [=T. versicolor, Mke., 1850,=Z. Californicus, A. Ad., 1851. Scarcely differs from “ Javanicus, Lam.,” in Mus.Cum. The form was dredged by Mr. A. Adams in the eastern seas. 31. Ziziphinus Antoni, Koch, in Phil. Abbild. pl. 1. f. 4. Australia. [Scareely differs from the shouldered var. of Calliostoma lima (Phil.) C. B. Ad., which is called eximiu:, Rve., in Brit. Mus. Col. 23. Trochus Japonicus, Dky., [represents Pomaulax undosus on the east side]. 24, Trochus digitatus, Desh. Distinct from ungiis, with base like gubberosus. Central America. [Mr. Reeve’s distinct shell is perhaps not that of Desh., and not from the West Coast. ] 26. Trochus undosus, Wood.=T. gigas, Anton. California +. * Vide Report, 1856, p. 168, note §§. + Mr. Reeve states that, although this species is most like gibherosus, “Messrs. Grav and Adams contrive to place them im diflurent genera,” It is still wore remarkable that, wile 03 5€8 REPORT—1863. 39. Trochus auripigmentum, Jonas. Panama. [Probably not from W. America. ] 17. Phasianella perforata, Phil. Mazatlan, Panama+ Ph, compta,Gld.* Rather out of place +; has neither form nor texture of Phastanella. [The aberrant | form is due to the figured’ specimen being quite young; the adults in Brit. Mus. Col. prove the texture, colouring, and operc. to be normal. | Genus Simpulopsis. This group, intermediate between Vitrina and Succinea, is stated to be peculiar to Brazil and Mexico, where Vitrina is not known. In the Monograph of Terebratulide, which is prepared with unusual care, and the general introduction to which is well worth attentive perusal by all students, occur the following species which bear upon the West Coast fauna or synonymy :— 2. Terebratula (Waldheimia) dilatata, Lam.,=T. Gaudichaudi, Blainv. “Str Magellan,” teste Gray, in Brit. Mus. Cat., without authority. [The E. 5. specimens varied considerably in outline ; and according to Darwin, and what we know of the variations of fossil species, it is quite possible to believe that this and the next species had a common origin. The great development of this most interesting form in the cold regions of South | America is extraordinary. | | 3. Terebratula (Waldheimia) globosa (Val.), Lam., from type. = T. Californica, | Koch. California, Coquimbo. Californian form well known; small || specimen in Mus. Taylor, marked ‘de Coqpimbo.’ ” Genet appears no | authority for the general belief that this fine species is Californian. It was | taken in abundance by the naturalists of the U. 8S. E. E. at Orange Bay, | Magellan. The Californian shell, which is probably the original Cali- il fornica, Koch. (not of authors) is a distinct species, teste Rve. from Dr. | Cooper’s specimens. | | 7. Terebratula (Terebratulina) radiata, Rve., Mus. Cum. ? Straits of Corea, W Belcher. [Very like the adult of 7. caurina, Gld. } 11. Zerebratula uva, Brod. Bay of Tehuantepec, Guatemala; 10-12 fms. sandy mud, on dead bivalve, Capt. Dare. Mus. Cum. and De Burgh. [The analogue of 7. vitrea, Med. } 16. Terebratula (Terebratulina) Japonica, Sby., = T. angusta, Ad. and Rve. Corea, Japan. ‘Represents 7’. caput-serpentis, and probably the same.” . Terebratula physema, Val., MS. (unique), Coquimbo. Gaudichaud, 1833. May be a colossal, broadly inflated var. of globosa. Orbicula Cuming’, Brod. | Besides information in Rep. pp. 183, 244, is given] Is. Catia, Guatemala ; sometimes 6-18 fms., Cuming. O. strigata, Brod., is a less-worn state of this species. [The type-specimens of Discina stri- gata in Brit. Mus., on Pecten ventricosus, appear very distinct, and are unusually shelly for the genus. | t© oo o excluding Ziziphinus (= Calliostoma), Mr. Reeve “ contrives to place” in Trochus animals shown by the opercula to belong to different subfamilies, as though we knew no more than in Lamarck’s days ; his motley group containmg Imperator (= Stella, H. and A. Ad.)+ Lathopoma + Guildfordia+ Chrysostoma + Bolma + Modelia + Polydonta + Tectus+ Pomaulax + Astralium+ Pachypoma+ Uvanilla, Also ina family the genera and species of which are mainly recognized by the base and mouth, most of the shells are only figured on the back. Very often the characters of the aperture are not even stated. Remarkable liberties are, moreover, sometimes taken with geographical facts, to the great astonishment of Americans, who expect even their schoolboys to avoid such statements as at sp. 57, 77. diminutivus, Rve., “ Oahu Islands ;” and at sp. 1, Lingula ovalis, Rve., “from W. H. Pease, Esq., residing at Honolulu, one of the Sandwich Islands.” * P. compta is a distinct Californian species ; its Pvarieties pass into pulla. If Mr. Reeve can be followed in uniting to pulla, pulchella, Recl. ; + affinis+ tessellata+pulchella +coneinna, C. B. Ad. ;+ tenuis, Phil. ;+-intermedia, Scacchi ;+ Capensis, Dkr. ; + elon- gata, Krauss, Gould’s species should join this goodly company, rather than perforata. ‘The same standard of union followed among the large shells would greatly lessen the size of this costly work. + So is Phasianella rubra, Pease MS., sp. 18, which belongs to Alcyra, A. Ad.; allied to Hucheluse 54 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 569 7. Orbicula ostreoides, Lam.,= O. Norvegica, Sby. (non Lam.) + O. striata, Sby.+ Crania radiosa, Gld.+ O. { Diseina] Evansu, Dav. PN.W. Africa. “The locality, ‘ Bodegas, Cal.,’ given by Mr. D. with O. Evansit, on Mr. Cuming’s authority, must, I think, be a mistake.” [The genus has not been found on the Californian coast by any American collector. Venus * grata, Sby.,+tricolor, Sby. Gulf of Mexico, Mus. Cum. [= Tapes grata, Say, Panama. The locality-labels have probably been misplaced. These specimens are undoubtedly from the West Coast, nor has any authority appeared for the species in the Atlantic, The Gulf of Mexican “analogue ” is Z. granulata. The forms are intermediate between Chione and Tapes. 9. Venus multicostata, Shy. Bay of Panama, in coarse sand at low water, Cuming. “Probably = V. Laster?,var.,with ribs more tumidly thickened androunded.” [The West Coast shells are distinguished by the very slight crenulation of the ribs at the sides. | 19. Venus asperrima, Shy. Guacomayo, Centr. Am., sandy mud, 13 fms., Cuming. “A form of pectorina; shell of lighter substance, broader and more de- pressed ; sculpture more elevately and definitely latticed.” [This is the shell named by Mr. Cuming V. cardioides, Lam., and should take that name, as prior to Sby.’s, if really distinct from peciorina. Also from Panama. Mus. Smiths. | 22. Venus discors, Sby., jun. St. Elena and Guacomayo, Centr. Am., sandy mud, 6-9 fms., Cuming. * “Concentric decussating ridges cease abruptly at the posterior third.’”” [Character very variable, even in the type-speciniens ; = T. grata, Say, var. | 25. Venus pectorina, Lam., p. 844,+ V. cardioides, Lam. Centr. Am., Mus. Cum. [Probably Atlantic ; much heavier and stumpy; sculpture coarser ; teeth more like casina, whereas cardioides, no. 19, has a long anterior tooth like sugillata t. | 26. Venus cingulata, Lam.,=pulicaria, Brod. W. Columbia, Cuming. [=V. Pinacatensis, Sloat, MS. in Mus. Smiths. Guaymas. The peculiar smoothing-off of the central sculpture in the adult may be varietal. It is improbable that Lam. was acquainted with the species. | 83. Venus crenulata, Chem.,=crenata, Gmel. W.1. = V. eximia, Phil.,+ V. ere- nifera, Sby.,+ V. Portesiuna, D’Orb. [Not to be confounded with the V. crenifera, Maz. Cat.: has a small Cyprinoid lateral tooth, but no radiating ribs near lunule, nor long anterior tootht. | 85. Venus Californiensis, Brod.,= V. leucodon, Sby. Guaymas, Gulf Cal., sandy mud, low water, [teste] Cuming. Mus. Cum. [= V. crassa, Sloat, MS. in Mus. Smiths. Not V. Californiana, Conr.,=V. simillima, Sby. This species, with V. neglecta, compta, &c., haying the mantle-bend nearly obsolete, approach Anomalocardia subimbricata, and with that species form a natural group, differing from the typical Venus as Lioconcha does from Callista:= V. succincta, Val, | 41. Venus Kennerleyi, Cpr., MS.t{ in Mus. Cum. Hab.—? [Puget Sound, Kennerley. | 43. Venus sugillata, Rve. California, Mus. Cum. Characterized by the shining purple umbos, finely latticed sculpture, dark-stained lunule and liga- mentary area. [= V. crentfera, Sby., teste Rve.,” Maz. Cat. no. 105, in all essential characters. Differs in the long anterior tooth being still oo * Through the kindness of Mr. Reeve, with a view to the completion of this Report, T was enabled to compare the figured specimens in this genus with the text, and with the shells of the Se collection, before they were distributed. The bracketed notes in the text are based on this examination. They are given with unusual detail, because of the unique opportunity of throwing some light on a confessedly difficult family. + The characters of the teeth and pallial line frequently afford satisfactory diagnostic marks between critical species, which are often overlooked by monographers. + The descriptions of Dr. Kennerley’s shells had long been written, and would have been published but for the American war. The localities of all the West Coast shells sent from the Smiths, Col. to Mr. Cuming were duly marked in the accompanying catalogues, 59 ee 570 REPORT—1863. _ longer, and in the purple colour. This, however, in the figured speci- men, has been brought-out by the free use of acid, and the markings have been considerably obliterated by the ‘“ beautifying” process. | 44, Venus simillima, Sby. San Diego, Cal. “ Resembles V. compta in detail of sculpture’ [but perfectly distinct, belonging to the amathusia group. It shows the evil of the very brief diagnoses of the earlier conchologists that so discriminating an author as Mr. Conrad should have taken tls shell for the V. Californiensis, Brod.; and, quoting it (lapsw) as V. Cali- forniana, redescribed the true V. Californiensis as V. Nuttallii. It is known by the great closeness of the fine sharp ribs. ] 46. Venus =crenulata, no. 33, very distinct var. Gulf Cal.; more globose, interior purple rose. [This was sent as “Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.” It appears truly distinct from the W. L. crenulata, and to be the normal form of which pulicaria, no. 26, is an extreme var. Inside, and outside in the adolescent state, they agree exactly; differing outside, in the adult, in smoothed-offribs and more distinct V-markings. Mr. Reeve, however, still thinks it more like cren/fera. It may stand as “ ? var. Zilacina.” | 47. Venus gibbosula, Desh., MS. in Mus. Cum. Hab. ?— | Guaymas:= V. Cortez, Sloat. This is the more rounded and porcellanous form of V. fluctifraga, =V. Mdtalli of Brit. Assoc. Report, and Nuttallian paper in P. Z. 8. 1856, p.21; but not the true V. Nadtalli, Conr., v. infra, no. 49. Interior margin very finely crenated on both sides of the hinge. | 48, Venus compta, Brod. Bay of Sechura, Peru, coarse sand and mud, 7 fims., Cuming. {This rare species seems to represent V. Californiensis in the South American fauna. It is well distinguished by its shouldered form, produced ventrally, and by the Circoid pallial line, far removed from the margin. Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths. | 49, Venus Nuttall, Conr. California. [Named from type, teste Conr. ips., v. anted, p. 526. This is the dull northern form of V. succincta, as flucti- Fraga is of gibbosula, the species appearing nearly in the same parallels in the Gulf and on the Pacific coast, but not found in the Liverpool Reigen Col.; nor at Cape St. Lucas. In all essential characters, Nuttalli (though ointed) and Californiensis (though rounded) appear the same; but Mr. teeve still thinks otherwise. The figured specimen has been altered with acid. The V. exeavata is not noticed by Mr. R. | 51. Venus mundulus, Rve. Hab. ?— [This shell was obtained by Dr. Stimpson in the N. P. Expl. Exp., and bears the Smiths. Cat. number “1845. San Francisco, very common at low water,” = Tapes diversa, Sby. jun. This is the highly painted, finely sculptured state of 7. staminea, Conr. (not “ T. straminea, Cony.” Sby.,= T. grata, var.) The abnormally ridged form is V. ruderata, Desh. Conch. Ic. sp. 180. By its large pallial sinus and bifid teeth it is a true Tapes. | 52. Venus intersecta, Sby. Puerto Puero [? Portrero], Centr. Am., Cuming. [The shell is exactly identical with no. 19, asperrima=cardioides ; but the figure might mislead, the colour-lines appearing as ribs. | 54. Venus subrostrata, Lam. * yi. p. 343, = V. neglecta, [Gray] Sby. Hab. Mazatlan and West Indies. “ Lam. having cited a figure of the China species, V. La- marckit, the species was lost sight of till Sby. renamed it.” [The Lamarck- tan species was probably West Indian. V. neglecta closely resembles the young of V. Californiensis, but has the ligamental area smooth only on one valve, instead of both. ] 59. Venus Stutchburyi (Gray), Wood, Sandwich Is. Comes very near to the Californian V’. callosa, [Sby., non] Conr., of which specimens have been found also at the Sandwich Is. [V. Stutchburyi is the New Zealand species, which may easily be confounded with the Californian. Although both may be obtained at the Sandwich Is., there is no evidence that either * In critical species, when it is impossible to be positive which of two or more was intended by an old author, it appears best to retain the name of the first discriminator. The old name belongs to the general form: the discriminator ought to retain it for a part; but if that has not been done, it avoids confusion to drop it. 06 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 571 lives there. The shell here figured is beaked lke Nuttalli, no. 49; In- nule very faint; concentric ridges very faint, but sharp; radiating ribs very coarse. Inside deeply stained; margin not crenated on the sharp anterior edge, though faintly on the lunule ; hinge-teeth stumpy. | 60. Venus muscaria, Rve. Hab.?— [Has the aspect of a West Coast species, between cardivides and fine var. of stanunea; sinus large; teeth strong, not bifid; lunule with radiating ribs. | 68. Venus undatella, Sby. Gulf Calif. {Not a satisfactory species, the type having the aspect of a poor specimen altered for cabinet. The “sculpture much changing in its development towards the margin” is an accident often seen in the cancellated species. Similar specimens of V. neglecta, no. 54, collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xantus, agree with wndatella in all respects, except that this is violet within, neglecta being white. Ligament-area (as in neglecta) smooth in one valve only. | 77. Venus Adamsit, Rve. Japan. [Closely related to Tapes lacinata, San Diego, in size, aspect, hinge, &c. Differs in mantle-bend being not so long or ee and the radiating sculpture much finer:= V. regida, Gld., MS., in timpson’s st; non Gld. in ‘ Otia.’] 80. Venus ornatissema, Brod, Panama, sandy mud, 10 fms., Cuming. Still unique. [Like V. gnidia, jun., but radiating ribs coarser and more distant; con- centric frills not palmated ; lunule pale, laminated. | é 87. Venus callosa |Sby., non] Conr. Sandwich Is. and Calif. [ Vide note to no. 59. Thisis the V. Nuttalhi of the Brit. Assoc. Report. Those who regard it as distinct from fluctifraga, of which gibbosula, no. 47, is the extreme form, may retain the name callosa of Sby., but not of Conr. Conrad’s species = C. nobilis, Rve.; differing from the true Calliste, as Mercenaria does from Venus, in having the ligament-plate rugose.] = V. fluctifraga, Sby., teste Rve. in errata. 105. Venus bilineata, Rve. Gulf Calif. Partakes of the characters of compta and subimbricata: all three may indeed be different states of one and the same species. [The shell figured at 105d has all the peculiar features of compta, which are clearly marked within; only the concentric waves are closer than usual. The shell figured at 105a appears to be the true we- datella, only in fine condition, the type being 3 It has exactly the same internal characters, including colour; only the colour-lines outside are arranged in rays instead of \s. Mr. Reeve, however, retains his differ- ent opinion. | 116. Venus Cypria, Sby., P. Z. S. 1852. Is. Plata, West Columbia. [From same district, teste Schott in Mus. Smiths.] Has all the appearance of being an attenuately produced form of the West Indian V’. puphia [which is also from Cape Verd Is., teste Macgillivray in Brit. Mus. }. 11. Dione * maculata, List. West Indies ; Brazil; Pacific Ocean, Widely distri- buted in both hemispheres. {No authority for the Old World; the Pacific shells are Callista chionea, var. | Dione nobilis, Rve., 1849. Cal. [=C. callosa, Conr., 1837. The original name, from type, had been communicated to Mr. R., but is not quoted. ] 20. Dione semilamellosa +, Gaud., = C. iupanaria, Less. Centr. Am. [ =/lupinaria, Maz. Cat., no. 95. Vide Deless. Rec. Coq. pl. 19. f. 2: “ China Seas,” no authority. | 21. Dione brevispinata, Rve.,=brevispina, Sby. [Gulf of] California. [Scarcely differs from C. rosea, jun. | 22. Dione multispinosa, Shy. Peru. Concentric ridges thinly laminated; spines slender and numerous. [An extreme form of the Pacific C. Dione (teste Hanl.) ; distinct from semzlamellosa. | 25. Dione Veneris, D’Arg. Conch. pl. 21. f. 1.=V. Dione, Ln. West Ind. and 15. or * The figured types of this genus had been accidentally mislaid; and might alter the judgments given in the text. t ‘ For obvious reasons, I think it best to abandon the foul name given to this lovely species by Lesson,” Rve. (Vide Maz. Cat. p. 70, note.) ? Weuld not the same reasons lead to the alteration of meretrix, impudica, &c. o7 ae eee 572 REPORT—1863. Centr. Am. [The Pacific shells should rank with species 22, if sup posed distinct. The fig. is 24, not 23. 24, Dione exspinata, Rve. Centr. Am. Distinct, if the others are; like semila- mellosa, without spines. [Appears to be C. rosea,jun. The fig. is 23, not 24. 25. Dione circinata, Born. Mazatlan, Mus. Cum. {without authority.]=V/. 28, a, 6. rubra, Gmel.,+ V. Guineensis, Gmel.,+ C. alternata, Brod. [f. 28 repre- sents alternata; the other figures appear to be from West Indian spe- cimens, though that ancient locality is not mentioned. Several of the reputed West Coast shells are, however, of the typical form and colour. ] 33. Dione unicolor, Sby., = Chione badia, Gray, = Cyth. ligula, Anton. W.Columbia. 38. Dione prora, Conr. “Cape St. Lucas, Xantus, California; Carpenter.” [A very distinct form among the thin inflated species ; only yet found at the Sandwich Is., v. no. 45. 45, “(Mus. Smithsonian Institute of N. America.) This shell, from Cape St. Lucas, Xantus, California, proves to be the Dione prora (Cytherea prora, Conr.) of our preceding plate.” [Mr. Sowerby’s figure well represents the unique specimen from Cape St. Lucas, which was taken alive by Mr. Xantus. The quotations in Conch. Ic. would lead to the inference that “ Xantus ” was regarded as that part of “ California” in which Cape St. Lucas is situated. Both the external and internal characters require that a separate name be given to the shell, which stands as Cullista pol- hicaris, Annals Nat. Hist. vol. xiii. p. 312. ] 46. Cytherea consanguinea, C. B. Ad. Mus. Cum. Apparently a small spe- cimen of a variety of C./eta. [Panama. Differs from C. /eta in inter- nal characters. | 62. Dione pannosa, Sby.,= Cytherea lutea, Koch,+ Callista puella, Cpr. Chili, Peru, Mazatlan. [No authority for Mazatlan. The name puella given to the Cape St. Lucas specimens was intended as varietal ; although Mr. Cuming regards the panuviarl and Peninsular forms as distinct. It is not known along the Central American coast. | 25. Circe nummulina, Lam. “ Central America.” [Probably not from the American seas. Admiral Sir E. Belcher is, however, confident that he dredged many well-known E, Indian forms in deep water, off San Bias. } 27. Cytherea. In this genus are grouped the Trigone ; besides the typical species, = Meretrix, Gray. Cytherea crassatelloides, Cony. “ Bay of California.” [Not known geoera- phically. The shell is not found in the Gulf, being a most characteristic Californian species. San Francisco, 8. Diego, &e. | 27. Cytherea radiata, Sby., + C. gracihor, Sby.,= V. Salangensis, D’Orb. = T. By- ronensis, Gray. Salango and Xipixapi, 9 fms. sandy mud, Cuming. 45, Cytherea nitidula, Lam. Mediterranean. [The figures and descriptions of Sby. and Rve. well represent specimens from Cape St. Lucas, Xanius. Perhaps not identical with Lam.’s species. 9. Tapes grata, Desk. Philippines. [May stand as 7. Deshayesii, if it be con-. ceded that Say’s V’. grata ranks best with Tapes. | 7. Solarium granulatum, Lam. Mexico. 8. Solarium verrucosum, Phil. W. Indies. P=S. granulatwn, var. 15. Solarium placentula, {| Rve.=placentale,| Hds. Bay Magdalena, 7 tms., Belcher. 19. Solarium quadriceps, ds. Panama. Young state of same type as sp. 7 and 8, “from same locality (Pan., Mex., W.1.),” but grows much larger. {The Texan shells in Mus. Smiths. are as large as those from Cape St. Lucas : the variations on each coast are coordinate. | 63. Kiener.—The following species may be added to the list quoted from “ Coquilles Vivantes,” in Rep. pp. 293, 294:— Page. PL Fig. € ¢ 16. 11. rh Conus regius, Chem., = C. princeps, Ln., W. Mexico. 1100. cae Conus Largilherti, Kien. Mexico. {Coast not stated. ] ets. 58 212. ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 573 Page. Pl. Fig. Yon 2 213. 2. Conus Philippii, Kien. Mexico. Get not stated. | 65. 27. 38. Pleurotoma triticea, Kien. Indian Ocean. [Probably Cithara stromboides, Val. ; Cape St. Lucas. | 45, 9. 2. Columbella suturalis, Gray (Griff. pl. 41. f. 2)=C. costata, Ducl. Mon. pl. 12.f. 1, 2. Pacific, Coasts of Peru [= Anachis fluc- tuata, Sby. |. 46. 16. 4. Columbella bicolor, Kien. Hab. ?— [= A. rugosa. ] 64, 65. (German Authors.) Pfeiffer.—Everything relating to the land- shells of North America will be found so thoroughly collated in the works of Mr. Binney (v. infra), that it is only judged needful to present here the most important references to the writings of the great authority on the Pulmonata, The student must necessarily consult the ‘ Symbol ad Histo- riam Heliceorum, Cassel, 1841’ et seg., which contains the following ori- ginal authorities :— 1846. p. 89. Achatina Californica, Pfr. Monterey, Cal. 91. Achatina ( Glandina) turris, Pfr. Hab.?— [Genus altered to Oleacina, Mon. Hel. iv. p. 640. Maz. Cat. 231.] In the same author’s great work, ‘ Monographia Heliceorum Viventium,’ Lipsiz, 1847-8, occur— Page. , Vol.I. 1847. 324. Helix Sagraiana, D’Orb. Cuba, California. [Sowerby’s error, copied by succeeding writers. The specics is ex= clusively Cuban. ] 38. Helix fidelis, Gray. Oregon.= H. Nuttalliana, Lea. 339. Helix Californiensis, Lea. California. + H. Nickliniana, Lea. {Quoted as a distinct species in Vol. 1V. p. 269. ] (Vol.38. 229. =H. arboretorum, Val.) 341. Helix Townsendiana, Lea. California. (Vol. 3. 229. =H. pedestris, Gld.,+ruida, Gld.) 428. Helix Oregonensis, Lea. Oregon. (Vol. 4. 227. =H. Dupetithouarsit, teste Pfr.) Vol. TT. 1848. 101. Bulimus Mexicanus, Lam, Tabasco, Mexico, =H. (Cochlo- gena) vittata, Fér. (Vol.4. 492. =O,thalicus M., Cpr.) 143. Bulimus zebra, Mull.* Mexico, &e = Zebra Miilleri, Chem. =Bulimus undatus, Brug. * = Orthalicus livens, Beck *, + B. princeps, Brod.+ B. melanocheilus, Val. 231. Bulimus (Cochlogena) melania, Fér, California. = Melania striata, Perry = B. borinus, Brug. Vol. IT. 1853. 127. Helix Pundore, Fbs. St. Juan del Fuaco. (Vol.4. 847. © =H. Damascenus, Gld.) 415, Bulimus Humboldti, Rve.= B. Mexicanus, Val. [? non Lam. ] Mexico. 422. Bulimus Californicus, Rve. California. Vol, TV, 1859. 89. Helix Mazatlanica, Pfr.,n. s. (Mal. Blatt., Apr. 1856, p. 43.) Mazatlan. 268. Heliz exarata, Pfr., n.s. California. 270. Ielix retyculata, Pfr. (Mal. Blatt. May 1857, p. 87). Cal. 276. Helix Mormonum, Pfr. Mormon Island, California. 347. Helix cultellata, Thomson. Contra Costa Co., California. 350, Helv arrosa,Gld. Hab. ?— | California. ]+ eruginosa, Gd. 420. Bulimus chordatus, Pfr. (Mal. Blatt., April 1856, p. 46.) Mazatlan. 472, Bulimus Ziegleri, Pfr. (Mal. Blatt., Dec. 1856, p. 232.) Mexico. = Orthalicus Z., Cpr. ® These appear as three distinct species in Vol. IV. p. 588-9, with the addition of B longus, Pfr. (= Orthalicus U., Mal. Blatt., Oct. 1856, p. 187.) 09 574 REPORT—1863. In the ‘ Monographia Pneumonopomorum Viventium, &e., Cassellis, 18527 by the same learned author, the following is the only species which occurs :-- Suppl. 1858, Vol. IL. p. 7. Truncatella Californica, Pfr. San Diego. In Wiegmann’s ‘ Archives fiir Nat.,’ 1837, vol. i, p. 285, occurs the fole lowing species, also without authority :— : Perna quadrata, Anton. California. In Troschel’s ¢ Archives fiir Natur’ are quoted the following :— 1843. Vol. Il. p. 140. Fasciolaria sulcata, Less. Acapulco. 1849. yp. 99. Lerebratula Catifornica, Linsley. In the ‘Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekannter Conchylien, herausgegeben von Dr. R. A. Philippi,’ Cassel, 1845-51, are figured the following, which must be quoted as being original descriptions, or for the synonymy :— Page. Pl. Fig. : Feb. 1846. 4. 1. 9. Cyrena solida, Phil. California, &e. Aug. 1846. 24.4. 7. Tellina pisiformis, Ln. Mazatlan, &e.=L. pulchella, Ad. ? = Cardium discors, Mont. Oct. 1844. 4. Cytherea Dunkeri, Phil. W. C. Mexico.=C. Pacvfica, Mus. Berol., non Dillw. Apr. 1847. 33. 7. 1. Cytherea (Artemis) gigantea, Sby. California. ?=Ar- temis ponderosa, Gray. Jan. 1845. 1. 1. 1. Murex nigritus, Phil. ?P W. C. Mexico. April 1847, 11. 7,8.1. Haliotis fulgens, Phil. ? California. = H. splendens, Rve. Oct. 1846. 5. 2. 1,10. Lurbo Fokkesii, Jonas. Gulf of California. S. jz.) Ue Pe strigilatus, Ant. California. = 7. pellis-serpentis, Wood. July 1844. 7. 2. 5. Patella (Acmea) discors, Phil. Mexico. April 1850. 9. 2. 8. Lueina obliqua, Phil. ? W.C. America. 9. 2. 9. Lucina pisum, Phil. Mazatlan. 2, 1. 38. Pecten tunica, Phil. ‘Sandwich Islands*. £. B. Philippi.” Jan. 1844. [=P. latiawritus, Conr., teste Hanl. S. Diego, &c.] 5. 1. 5. Pecten Fabricii, Phil. Greenland. [= P. Islandieus, jun. Non P. Fabric, Gld.,= P. Hindsit, jun. | 11. 6. 9. Lrtorina aberrans, Phil., P. Z. 8. 1845, p. 142. Pa- nama, on rocks. [=Tall var. of L. conspersa. | Tn Dr. L. Pfeiffer’s « Novitates Conchologice,’ Series II., Marine Shells, by ~ Dr. W. Dunker, Cassel, 1858, occur the following species from Sitka :— Page. Pl. Fig. ie 1. 38,4. Tritonium carinatum, Div. Sitka. [Should be pl. [=T. angulosum, Mérch, on plate. | Lo rh ee i pe ? 2, 1. 1,2. Tritoniwm Morehianum, Dix. Sitka. [Should be pl. 2. f. 1, 2.) 3. 2. 5,6. Tritonium rutilum, Morch. . Should be pl. 1. f. 5, 6. 4. 1. 5,6. Tritonium Rombergi, Dix. _ Should be pl. 2. f. 5, 6. 2. 2. 3,4. Neptunea harpa, Morch. = Should be pl. 1. f. 3, 4 7, 2. 1,2. Neptunea castanea, Morch. ” Should be pl. 1. f. 1, 2.) | =N. badia, on plate. | 35. 10. 6, 7. Murex ( Hemifusus) Belcheri, Hds., var. ?— [= Chorus B., L. Cal.] 39. 12. 7-9. Cytherea (Tivela) arguta, Rim. Isthmus of Panama. Resembles C. ( Trigona) mactroides, Born. {Probably Caribbean. | 66. British Museum Collection —“< Lunatia ravida, Souleyet, Panama,” * A large number of Californian shells have been assigned to the Sandwich Is., in con- sequence of the abundant trade between the two localities. ‘They may often have beer obtained at Honolulu by naturalists, who had no reason to doubt their having lived there All that is known of the genuine Hawaian fauna will shortly be published by Mr. Sow- erby, for W. H. Pease, Esq., of Honolulu. ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 575 is given without authority; and the locality is probably erroneous. Various other shells are scattered in the national collection, assigned either generally to the West Coast or to special localities, which it has not been considered needful to tabulate without confirmation. 68. Various sources.—Under this head may be arranged gleanings from European authors not consulted in preparing the first Report. In the ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Coquilles,’ by L. A. G. Bosc, Paris, 1830, the following species, not previously quoted, are assigned to the West Coast, but without authority :— Vol. Page. Ill. 44. Venus paphia. W. America. 280. Nerita fulgurans, Bose. W.C. America, 290. Natica rugosa, Chem. a IV. 60. Helix peregrina. Islandon ,, 152. Trochus solaris. cf &e. 156. Trochus radiatus. oF &e. 219. Murex lima. W.C. N. America. In Lesson’s ‘ Illustrations de Zoologie,’ Paris, 1831-2, appear— Plate. 2. Calypeopsis tubifera, Less. [= Crucibuhim spinosum ]. 41.(1832.) Trichotropus Sowerbiensis, Lesson. Seas of New World. = Trichotroms bicarinata, Br. & Sby.= Turbo bicarinatus, Shy. 48. Terebra flammea, Less. |? = T. strigosa|, Antilles ; Isth. Panama. 51. Tegula elegans, Less. | = T. pellis-serpentis|. Isth. Panama. The following West Coast shells are named and figured by Dr. Gray in ‘Griffith’s Edition of Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom,’ London, 1834. In some instances there are also a few words of description :— na Fig. 41. 41. LIntorina pulchra. . Turbenella ceratus [? Turbinellus |. . Columbella suturalis {Kiener figures this shell for Anachis fluctuata, Shy. 1832. The original might stand for many species]. Oo orc 36. 2. Nassa Northie {= Northia serrata, Kien. |}. 36. 3. Turbinella tubercular’s | = Latirus tuberculatus (=ceratus, C. B. Ad.)]. 23. 5. Terebra Africana. {The Gulf Cal. shell, =variegata. 25. 2. Triton (Pusio) elegans | = Pisania insignis, Rve., 1846}. 37. 2. Columbella harpaformis [ = harpiformis, Sby. |. 87. 6. Clavatula Griffithti. [Probably = Pl. funicuiata. The shells in this plate are reversed, but are repeated correctly in pl. 57 *. | 19. 1. Cytherea Dronea, var. [= C. semilamellosa, Gaud.; perhaps intended fcr C. dione, var. |. In Woodward’s most valuable ‘ Manual of the Mollusca,’ London, 1851-6, the following species are quoted as from “ California ” :— Page. Pl. Fig. 3 108. 5. 5. Cancellaria reticulata, Dillw. [?W. Indies.] Vil. Physa Maugere. {? Ecuador. | 329. 23. 22. Parapholas bisulcata, Conv. {v. Rep. p. 265. Not known from the Californian or W. Mexican coasts. Resembles P. calva]. In the very valuable handbook of bivalves, ‘ Recent Shells, by S. Hanley, London, 1842-56,’ will be found either quoted or original diagnoses of all West Coast species known to the learned, patient, and minutely exact com- puler. As the locality-marks are simply transcripts, they are not here repeated, especially as “California” is used for both the temperate and the tropical faunas. The following synonyms will be serviceable to the student :— Page. 16. Solen subteres, Conr., ?= S. Dombei, ?+ Californianus. Upper Cal. 28. Lutraria lineata, Say,= (Cryptodon) Nuttalhit [teste Hanl., non] Conr, 61 576 REPORT—] 863, Page. 72, Tellina inconspicua, Br. and Sby., ?= Sanguinolaria [ Californiana, Conr., non} fusca, Conr. [=the Eastern species]. In the Appendix are the following species, of which small figures are given, to rere with those in Wood’s ‘Ind. Test ‘— Pag See 3: 330, 13. 50. Pertploma obtusa, Hanl. W. America. S41. 12. 5. Amphidesma proximum, C. B. Ad.,= A. corrugatum, Ad. Mexico. 373. 18. 51. Arca Reeveana, D’Orb. W. America. =.4. squamosa, var., D’Orb. = A, Helbingit, Rve. 888. 24. 40. Meleagrina Mazatlanica, Hanl. Mazatlan [= M. fimbriata, Diy. }. The following are extracted from the ‘ Journal de Conchylhologie,’ Paris, 1850 :— Page. Pl. Big. No. 1. Feb. 1850. 57. 3: A, Columbella Haneti, Petit. ? Mazatlan. 4. Dec. 1850. 410. Observations on Nerita scabricosta, Lam., by Petit. West Coast of N. America. Vol. 3. 1852. 57. 2. 11. Mitra Haneti, Petit. Mazatlan. 1853. 53. 2. 11,12. Natica Taslei, Recl. Mazatlan. 1853. 84,166. 6. 13- 15. Gnathodon trigonum, Petit. Mazatlan ie 5 5 > mendica, Gld., 1851]. 12. = Recluzia Rollandiana, Recl. [Genus de- 4 4. 1853. 119. scribed.] _ Mazatlan. 4 1853. 154. 9,10. Natica Moquiniana, Recl. ? West Coast of America. Series IT. Vol. 2. Oct. 1857. 171. Adeorbis Verrauzii, ae Californ; 285. 6. Skenea Verrauxii, Fischer. Reais 292. Review of the Brit. Assoc. Report and Brit. Mus. Reigen Catalogue, by Fischer. Vol. 9. 209. Review of the Smithsonian Check Lists, by Fischer. The following species are figured in Chénu’s ‘ Illustrations Conchyliolo- giques’; but no authority is given for the localities, nor etymology for the remarkable names :— Page. Pl. Fig. 8: 52. 19.20. Oliva selasia, Ducl. Acapulco. 13. 7. 8,4, 21,22. Oliva caldania, Ducl. California. 13. 7. 5,9, 28,24. Oliva razamola, Ducl. California. Le 115, i 2,10, 1. Ohvia azemula, Ducl. California. OS Ge ed, 8, Oliva mantichora, Ducl. California. ao, 12. 10 Oliva pindarina, Ducl. California. VG hg Be ? 28.927. 19; 10: Oliva todosina, Ducl. , California. An excellent commentary on the above species, and on the difficult genus to which they belong, is supplied in the ‘ Revue Critique du genre Oliva,’ by M. Ducros de St. Germain, Clermont, 1857. It was written, not from the well-known London collections, but from a very large series containing all the types figured by Duclos. The following is the author’s arrangement of the West Coast forms, excluding citations of well-known species. No. Page. 25. 49, Oliva angulata does not include azemula, Ducl., as Rve. says ; that being a var. of ponderosa+ erythrostoma. 96. 50. Oliva Maria, u.s., pl. 2. £.26,a, 6; intermediate between Julietta and an- gulata. California, teste Duclos. [Appears to be one of the vars. of Cumingit. | 98, 52. Oliva reticularis. To the typical W. Indian shells are united those from California, Panama, Madagascar, Japan, N. Holland, N. eines &e. 62 2 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COASf OF NORTH AMERICA. 77 Bo. Page. : The synonymy includes venulata+araneosa+ Cumingii+ortola (Ducl. non Lam.) + pindarina + fusiformis + timoria + obesina + tisiphona + memnonia+aldinia+oniska+ caldania+harpularia+candida+ ustulata, 63. 83. Oliva Steerie, Rve. Mazatlan, Ed. Verreaux. =| testacea, var. | 67. 86. Oliva Deshayesiana, n.s. Atlas, pl. 3. f.67,a,6: intermediate between Braziliensis and auricularia. California, teste Duclos. [Certainly not from the West Coast. | 68. 87. Oliva volutella, Lam.-+-razamola, Ducl. 71. 89. Oliva undatella, Lam.+nedulina, Ducl.; but not ozodona, Ducl., as Rve. says. 73. 89. Oling lineolata, Gray in Wood’s Ind. Test. = purpurata, Swains.=dama, Duel. [i. e. dama, Goodall in Wood, = lineolata, Gray MS. in B. M., Zool. Beech. Voy. |} 75. 91. Oliva selasia, Ducl. Acapulco; teste Ducl. “ We know nothing of this remarkable shell but the specimen figured by the author.” 85. 96. Oliva mutica, Say+rufifasciata, Rve. [assigned by error to the Californian O. betica, var. |+-jfimbriata, Rve. In the most recent and among the most valuable of the contributions to our knowledge of local faunas, ‘ Mollusques de Vile de la Réunion, par M. G. P. Deshayes,’ Paris, 1863, occur very unexpectedly the following species connected with the West Coast, either by name or by identity. The list of 550 species from this little island, which the researches of M. Maillard has brought to light, contains several West Indian forms and a large number known in the Central Pacific and even the Sandwich Islands. No. Page. 38. 16. Chama imbricata, Brod. 47, 19. Lucina tigerina, Ln. ‘Common on sands, with Capsa deflorata, as at the Antilles.” 65. 23. Modiola cinnamomea, Chem. { Botula, Morch, teste A. Ad.] 110. 40. Chiton sanguwineus, Desh. pl. 6. f.4-7. [Non Ch. sanguineus, Rve. As the West Coast shell= Ischnochiton limaciformis, Sby., the Bourbon species may retain its name, especially if, as is probable, it belongs to another genus. | 197. 68. Solarium { Torinia] variegatum, Lam. 216. 74. Turbo phasianellus, Desh. Minute edition of T. petholatus ; nacreous. [Not congeneric with T. phasianella (Phil.), C. B. Ad., Panama shells, no. 282. 233. 79. Natica Maire Lam., Q. and G. Astr. pl. 66. f. 16-19. [P= ma- roceana, Chem. | 307. 95. Cerithium uncinatum, Gmel. Thes. Conch. pl. 180. f. 78, 79. [P= C. un= cinatum (Gmel.), Sby. | 393. 114. Purpura patula, Lam. { Linn. }. 403. 115. Purpura Pochrostoma (Bl.), Rve. [ Sistem). 405. 115. Purpura (Coralliophila) madreporarum, Shy. [? Rhizocheilus. = Lepto- conchus monodonta, Quoy, teste Gld. Otia, p. 215. | 446. 132. Terebra luctuosa, Hds. 560. 140. Cerithium Gallapaginis (A. Ad.), Sby. Thes. [Sby.’s species = znter= ruptum, Mke., non C. B. Ad., no. 198, rough var. | * 93. Smithsonian Institution.—At the time of the first Report, the tempe- rate fauna of the West Coast was only known through sources liable to error, the collectors having visited other regions besides Oregon and California, and the species described by American authors being but imperfectly understood in this country. The large accession to the number of authentic species, the uunportant elimination of synonyms, and the assignment of ascertained loca- * The review of the remainder of the first Report, nos. 69-92, will be postponed till after the production of the new materials, which are almost entirely from American sources. 1863, > 63 578 Rz?PoRT-—1863. lities, which are placed on record in this Report, are due almost entirely to the stimulus afforded to science in general, and to this branch especially, by the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, D.C. The fund bequeathed by Mr. Smithson, “for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men,’ having been declined by the Universities to which it was offered in the Old World, is held (in trust only) by the U.S. Government *. It is administered by a permanent body of Regents, according to a constitution drawn-out at their instance by the Secretary, Prof. J. Henry, LL.D. It may be safely stated that to his unswerving consistency, cautious judgment, and catholic impartiality it is mainly owing that, during various political and social changes, the Institution has not only steered clear of all party bias in the United States, but has distributed its advantages with equal hand on both sides of the Atlantic. The Natural History department is under the special superintendence of the Assistant-Secretary, Prof. Spencer Baird, M.D., whose indefatigable zeal, fertility of resource, and thorough knowledge of the re- quirements of the science have enabled the Institution, by a comparatively small outlay, not only to amass in a few years an enormous store of accurate materials, but also to eliminate from them a series of publications on various important branches of American zoology. The contributions of the Smith- sonian Institution to our knowledge of the West Coast fauna may be consi- dered under [A] its collections and [B] its publications. [A] Smithsoian Collections —According to the present law, all collections made in expeditions fitted ont by the Government become the property of the Smiths. Inst., with liberty to exchange duplicates. Its museum, therefore, is rich in types; and its liberal policy allows of all duplicates being trans- mitted to public collections, to schools of science, or to individuals engaged in special departments of study. Not being forced into an unalterable plan of operations, like many leading museums of the Old World, permission was given to send nearly the whole of the molluscs to this country, that they might be compared with the Cumingian, the Brit. Mus., and other leading collections+. The importance of thus establishing a harmony of nomencla- ture for species on both sides of the Atlantic can scarcely be over-estimated. The previous want of it can be abundantly seen by comparing paragraphs 39, 43, 54, &c., in the first and in this Report. The West Coast collections belonging to the Smiths. Inst. are mainly from the following sources : a. The United States Exploring Expedition, under Capt. (afterwards Admiral) Wilkes, 1837-1840, v. par. 43. 6. The North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Capt. Rogers, 1853-1855. Collector, Dr. Stimpson. ¢. The Pacific Railroad Expedition, 49th parallel, under Governor J. J. Stevens, 1853-54. Collections made in Puget Sound by Dr. Suckley, and at Columbia River by Dr. J. G. Cooper. Dr. Suckley also collected at Panama. * The war has but to a limited extent curtailed the funds and interfered with the operations of the Institution. + The Cunard Steamship Company have most liberally conveyed these stores across the Atlantic, free of cost. The British and American Governments have allowed special facilities for passing the Custom Houses without derangement. Similar acts of liberality and courtesy are continually afforded to the Smiths. Inst.—The materials for this Report have been placed unreservedly in the hands of the writer, although he went to Washing- ton as a complete stranger, and with no other introduction than his published writings. 64 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 579 d. The Pacific Railroad Survey, under Lieutenant R. 8. Williamson, 1853. Collector, Dr. A. L. Heermann. e. The Pacific Railroad Survey, under Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, 1855, Collector, Dr. J. S. Newberry. f. United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Major W. H. Emory, 1852. Collector, Arthur Schott. g. Colorado Expedition, under Lieutenant J. C. Ives. Collector, Dr. J. 5. Newberry. h. The United States North-West Boundary Survey, under Com. A. Camp- bell. Collectors, Dr. Kennerley and Mr. George Gibbs. Besides the above official explorations on the American side, during a period in which the British Government only fitted out a single expedition coordinate with h, the Smiths. Inst. has received a large number of pri- vate collections from their correspondents, of which the following are the principal :— 2. Mr. Jas. G. Swan, from Port Townsend, Cape Flattery, Neeah Bay, and the neighbouring shores of Vancouver; at intervals, during many years. j. Dr. J. G. Cooper, early private collections from Shoalwater Bay and various stations in California and from Panama; and lately the dredged collections of the California State Geological Survey, of which a portion were sent in advance by Dr. Palmer. k. California Academy of Natural Sciences, duplicates of their collection, with the privilege of inspecting unique specimens. 1. Dr. E. Vollum, U.S.A., from Fort Umpqua. m. Lieutenant W. P. Trowbridge, from coast of Oregon and California. n. Dr. J. A. Veatch, from the peninsula of Lower California, and especially from Cerros Island. o. Mr. A. 8. Taylor, from Monterey. p- Mr. Andrew Cassidy, from 8. Diego. g. Rev. J. Rowell, now of San Francisco, from various stations in both faunas, and especially from Sta. Crux, and the Farallones Is. r. Mr. John Xantus, of the U.S. Coast Survey, from Cape St. Lucas. Speci- mens were received through him from Socorro Island (one of the Revilla- gigedo group), Tres Marias and Margarita Island. s, Captain C. P. Stone, from Guaymas and the northern part of the Gulf of California. t. Captain C. M. Dow, from the coast of Central America. u Dr. J. H. Sternberg, from Panama. . Dr. J. H. Frick, Mr. James Hepburn, and others, from San Francisco. w Mr. C. N. Riotte, U. S. Minister to Costa Rica, from Puntas Arenas. 5. Mr. W. H. Pease, of Honolulu, collections made by his agents at various stations on the coast, particularly at Margarita Bay. Collections have also been received from various expeditions already tabu- lated in the first Report; and from stray quarters not here included because their accuracy may admit of doubt. The species received from the most im- portant of these sources will be enumerated in their order ; of the remainder, exact lists may be consulted by the student in the Smithsonian Catalogues, and the combined results will be found tabulated as ‘ Pacific Railroad Expe- ditions’ or ‘Smithsonian Collections.’ [B] Smithsonian Publications—These may be classed under three heads. (1.) Works published by the U. 8. Government, with more or less of assist- ance derived from and through the Smiths. Inst. (2.) The ‘Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,’ printed in 4to, and answering to the ‘Trans- 5 65 S & ee ee _____ = SS 280 REPORT—1863. actions’ of English learned societies; and (3.) The ‘Miscellaneous Collece tions,’ in 8vo, answering to the ‘ Proceedings’ of the societies :— (1.) The series of ten 4to volumes, called ‘ Pacific Railroad Reports,’ con- tains a complete résumé of the natural history of the western slope of North America. The Recent and Tertiary Fossil Mollusca will be analyzed in the following pages. Accounts have also been published of the natural history of other expeditions.—The annual volumes of ‘ Reports of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution,’ published by the U. 8. Government, contain exact accounts of the assistance rendered to the expeditions by the Smiths. Inst., as well as lectures and articles on special subjects. In these will be found full particulars of the principles which regulate the natural-history workings of the Institution*. (2.) The only paper bearing on our present inquiry as yet published in the ‘ Contributions’ is on the “ Invertebrata of the Grand Manan,” by Dr. W. Stimpson, which should be consulted by all who desire to institute a compa- rison between the sub-boreal faunas on the two sides of the Atlantic. (3.) The ‘Miscellaneous Collections’ are all stereotyped, and very freely circulated. Among them will be found “ Directions ” for collecting specimens of natural history, with special instructions concerning the desiderata on the Pacific coasts. These have been widely distributed among the various go- vernment officials, the employés of the U. S. Coast Survey, and the variously ramified circulating media at the command of the Smiths. Inst.; and have already borne a fair share of important results, although the war has greatly impeded the expected prosecution of natural-history labours. ‘“ Check lists” have been published ‘of the Shells of North America, by 1. Lea, P. P. Carpenter, W. Stimpson, W. G. Binney, and T. Prime,” June 1860. Ne. 1 contains the Marine Shells of the “‘ Oregonian and Californian Province,” and No. 2 of the “ Mexican and Panamic Province.” They are chiefly com- piled from the first British Association Report, with such elimination of sy- nonyms and doubtful species, and addition of fresh materials, as had become available up to the date of publication. They were not intended to be quoted as authorities; and so rapid has been the accumulation of fresh information that no. 1 is already out of date. In the “ Terrestrial Gasteropoda,” by W. G. Binney, list no. 1 contains the “ species of the Pacific coast, from the ex- treme north to Mazatlan,’ to which many additions have since been made. In the list of “ Fluviatile Gasteropoda,” also by W. G. Binney, ‘ the letter W distinguishes those confined to the Pacific coast, WE is affixed to those found in both sections of the continent, and M designates the Mexican species. From the starting-point of this list considerable progress has already been made. In the brief list of “Cyclades, by Temple Prime,” the Mexican and Central American species are similarly designated; but the western species and those common to the Pacific and Atlantic United States are not distinguished. In the list of “‘ Unionide,” by Dr. I. Lea, whose life- long devotion to the elucidation of that family is everywhere gratefully acknowledged, the Pacific species are designated by a P. The large series * The ‘Lectures on Mollusca,’ in the Vol. for 1860, pp. 151-283, will perhaps be found _ useful as a digest of classical forms. It was to have been illustrated with copies of woodcuts, kindly promised by Dr. Gray, and since placed at the disposal of the Smiths. Inst. by the courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum ; but, unfortunately, the blocks were not to be found at the time. They will appear, however, in forthcoming Smithsonian publi- cations. The ‘Lecture on the Shells of the Gulf of California,’ in the Vol. for 1859, pp. 195-219, contains in a popular form much of the information distributed throvgh the Brit. Mus. Maz. Cat. 66 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 58] of specimens, representing varieties and ages, in Dr. Lea’s private collection are well deserving of close study. Their owner shares the liberality of Mr. Cuming in making them available for all purposes of scientific inquiry. The Smiths. Inst. has just issued from the press the first part of the ‘Bibliography of North American Conchology, previous to the year 1860,’ by W. G. Binney, containing references to all printed information on North American shells by native writers. Itis divided into “§ A. American descrip- tions of North American molluscs; § B. American descriptions of foreign molluscs; § C. Descriptions of foreign species by American authors in foreign works.” The work is prepared with unusual care and completeness, and with the accurate judgment which characterizes all Mr. Binney’s writings. It contains, under every separate work or paper, “a list of species therein described or in any important manner referred-to, together with their syno- nymy, locality, and the volume, page, plate, and figure relating to them.” The second part, containing similar references to American species described by European writers, is now passing through the press. Mr. Binney has most kindly sent the proofs to the writer (as far as p. 287), which have been freely used in preparing this Report, and have supplied various important sources of information. It undertakes to provide for the whole North American continent what has been here attempted for the West Coast; and in much greater detail, as not only the first description, but all subsequent quotations are duly catalogued. It may be regarded as a complete index of references to all works on North American malacology. The student, in making use of it, will remember that it is only with the Pulmonates that Mr. Binney professes an intimate acquaintance. For these the work may be regarded as complete. But, in other departments of the science, only those shells which are assigned by the authors to North America are quoted; consequently a large number of species are passed-over which are truly American, but are assigned to other places, or described without locality. Also, species really belonging to other faunas, but falsely attributed to North America, duly appear as though genuine; and the additional localities frequently assigned by the authors (which are often the real habitats) are seldom quoted. More- over the citations stop at Mazatlan; consequently, the tropical fauna of the West Coast is but imperfectly represented. Lastly, the authors are not pre- sented in chronological or indeed in any other ostensible order; but it is pro- mised that the necessary information will be given in the index on the com- pletion of the work. The student will further bear in mind that for many reasons no second-hand reference can serve the same purpose as a consultation of the original beok. With these cautions the work will be found invaluable by all who are engaged in working-out American species; and great thanks are due to Mr. Binney for undertaking the extreme labour of its compilation, and to the Smiths. Inst. for supplying the expense of its publication. Probably no such work has yet been printed on the malacology of any other country. Lastly, there is now in preparation a complete series of hand-books on North American malacology, copiously illustrated with wood engravings, and containing a digest of all that is known in each department. The marine shells of the Atlantic are being described by Dr. Stimpson, who is now also engaged in the dissection of the Freshwater Rostrifers; the marine shells of the Pacific are placed in the hands of the writer; the Pulmonates will be thoroughly worked-out by Mr. Binney, the Melaniade by Mr. Tryon, and 67 582 REPORT—1863. the Cycladidee by Mr. Prime. Thus it appears that the malacologists have been unusually zealous in advancing their before somewhat slumbering study ; and that the Smiths. Inst. has displayed unexpected liberality in preparing and issuing from the press works of a comprehensive character, for the “‘ in- crease and diffusion of” what will hereafter be regarded as an important branch of ‘knowledge among men.” 94. North Pacific Exploring Expedition——In the year 1853, Dr. W. Stimpson, well known in very early life for his dredging-researches and ob- servations on the marine animals of the Atlantic coast, accompanied Captain Ringold as naturalist to the U.S. “ North Pacific Exploring Expedition.” Its principal object was to obtain more correct information with regard to the Japan seas and the extreme north of the Pacific, and it was only incidentally that it visited the Californian proyince. However, Dr. Stimpson’s extensive dredgings in the fiords of Japan developed the interesting fact, that while the southern shores presented a fauna essentially Indo-Pacific in its character, and abounding in the usual Cones, Cowries, Olives, &c., the northern slopes of the same islands presented an assemblage of forms far more analogous to the fauna of the Sitka and Vancouver region, and containing many species common to the American coast. During the course of the voyage dredging- collections+ were made by Dr. Stimpson at Madeira, Cape of Good Hope, Sydney Harbour, Coral Seas, Port Jackson, Hong Kong (also by Mr. Wright; New Ire- land, Lieut. Van Wycke; Gasper Straits, Squires ; vicinity of Canton, presented by Mr. Bowring; interior of Hong Kong, Wright); China Sea; Whampoa ; Bonin Island; Loo Choo Island; Ousima; Katonasima Straits; Kikaia; Kikaisima ; Kagosima {alas!]; Hakodadi ; Taniogesima (also Wright, Kent, Kern, Boggs, Carter); Simoda; Niphon (also Brook); Arvatska Bay, Kamt- schatka; Amincheche Island, Avikamcheche Island, Behring Straits; Senia- vine Straits, Arctic Ocean (also Captain Rogers); San Francisco; (Puget Sound and Shoalwater Bay, Dr. Cooper, Cat. no. 1849-1856); Tahiti (also Captain Stephens, Kern), Hawaii (also Garrett; Sea of Ochotsk, Captain Stevens). All these were duly catalogued, with stations, depths, and other particulars, and living animals preserved in spirits after being drawn. The expedition appears to have returned in 1856. Although Dr. Stimpson devoted his chief attention to articulate animals, and molluscs occupied but a subordinate share of his attention, it is safe to say that in this short period he collected more trust- worthy species of shells, with localities, than were received at the Smiths. Inst. from the united labours of the naturalists of Captain Wilkes’s celebrated expedition. Through some unaccouutable cause, certain of the most valuable boxes were ‘‘ lost” between New York and Washington ; the remainder were placed in the hands of Dr. Gould for description, with the MS. catalogue, a copy of which forms the “ Mollusca, Vol. I.,” nos. 1-2003, of the Smiths. Mus. Fortunately, Dr. Gould embraced the opportunity to bring the un- certain shells to London, and compare them with the Cumingian Collection, + A fuller account of this expedition is here given than is justified from its contributions to the W. American fauna, because no other information respecting it is as yet available to the malacological student. 68 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 585 Thus a large body of species, named from types, was prepared for the New World ; but, unfortunately, through imperfect packing and the practice of marking by numbers only, much of the value of this identification was lost. The new species were described by Dr. Gould in the ‘ Boston Proc. Soc. Nat. Hist.,’? 1859-1861; and on completion of the series, the author collected the papers embodying the new species of the two great scientific expeditions, as well as his other scattered publications, and issued them in a most valuable book, entitled ‘ Otia Conchologica: Descriptions of Shells and Molluscs, from 1839-1862, Boston, 1862; with “Rectifications,’ embodying such changes of nomenclature and synonyms as he desired to represent his matured views. In quoting Dr. Gould’s writings, therefore, this table should always be con- sulted. A considerable portion of the specimens have been returned to the Smiths. Inst., of which the larger species are mounted in the collection, and the smaller ones have been sent to the writer to compare with those collected by Mr. A. Adams,which were unfortunately being described in the London journals almost simultaneously. The war has unhappily postponed the in- tention of publishing the complete lists of species collected and identified with so much accurate care. The following, however, have already been deter- mined by Dr. Gould from the region in which American species occur. The list is given entire (so far as identified), because species as yet known only on one coast of the North Pacific may hereafter be found on the other. It contains (as in the comparison of the Caribbean and West Mexican fauna) (@) species certainly identical, (6) probably identical, (c) “‘interesting ana- gues,” and (d) representative forms. 8.1.Cat. no. 1263. Crepidula hystryx, var. Kagosima Bay, Japan. Dead on shore. [ =aculeata, Maz. Cat. no. 334.] 1319. Poroma rubra, Mont. Kagosima Bay, Japan. [Vide Maz. Cat. no. 154.] Among sea-weeds and barnacles in 2nd and 5rd leve’s; rocky shore. 1339. Natica marochiensis [? maroccana; v. Maz. Cat. no. 570}. Kagosima Bay, Japan. Dead on shore. 1344. Acmea ?Steboldi; very near patina. Kagosima Bay, Japan. Rocks at 1. w. 1351. Torinia variegata, Lam. Kagosima Bay, Japan. [ Vide Maz. Cat. no. 484.) Dead on shore. 1414. Nassa gemmulata, Lam. [non C. B. Ad.] Kagosima Bay, Japan. 5 fm. sd. 1476. Acar | Barbatia| gradata, Brod. and Sby. Taniogesima, Kagosima Bay, Japan. [Vide Maz. Cat. no. 194.] Dead in ten fm. ; sand and shells. 407,476. Acar [Barbatia] gradata, Brod. and Sby. Port Jackson. 1502. Lima squamosa, Lam. Taniogesima, Japan. [= LL. tetrica, Gld., teste Cum.] The remaining species from these localities are either local or belong to the Philippine and Polynesian fauna. At Simoda and Hakodadi we enter on a mixed fauna. 1574. Haliotis discus, Rve. Simoda and Hakodadi. Rocks at low water, four fm. “ Kamtschatkana seems to be the small growth of the same.” [It is locally abundant, however, on the West Coast; while diseus has never been found there, and is much flatter. ] 1577. Lutraria | Schizotherus Nuttallii, Conr.| Hakodadi Bay. Eight fm. sand. 1579. Cytherea petechialis, Lam. Hakodadi Bay. Sand, 4th level. 1582. Tritonium | Chrysodomus] antiquum, Ln. Hakodadi Bay (also Okhotsk and Arctic Oc., 1779). Low-water mark and laminarian zone, on weedy rocks. 1585. Tritonium [Priene| Oregonense, Redf. Hakodadi Bay. Dead on shore, and in twenty fm. Also no. 1955. 1588. Tellina Bodegensis, Hds. Hakodadi Bay. Dead on shore. 1589. Mya arenaria, Ln. Hakodadi Bay. 1592. Mercenaria orientalis, Gid. [A West Atlantic type, probably= JZ. Simp- sont, Otia, p. 169.] Hakodadi Bay. Six fm. sand, 69 | 584: REPORT—1863. 8.1.Cat. no. 1596. Venus rigida, Gid. [MS. non Gid., Otia, p. 85, Tapes, var. Petitiz, The | Japanese shell is Adamsi, Rve., from type]. Hakodadi Bay. Four to ten fm. sand. The above occur in connexion with local and with diffused tropical species. 1601. Euthria ferrea, Rve. Simoda. Among stones and pebbles, 3rd level. [Al- most identical with the Cape Horn species, E. plumbea, Phil. } 1630. Tritonium { Chrysodomus | cassidarieformis, Rye. East Coast of Japan, lat. | 37°, and Hakodadi. Twenty fm., black coarse sand. 1632. Chiton “largest” [?Cryptochiton Stellert]. Hakodadi. On large stones and under shelving rocks, low-water mark. i 1634. Pecten, like [= | Islandicus. Hakodadi. Ten fm. shell-sand. *' 1635. Sanguinolaria Nuttall, Conr.,=decora, Hds. Hakodadi. “ Possibly= Sole- tellina obscurata, Desh.” Sand, low-water mark. i 1637. Macoma lata, “ Gmel. in Mus. Cum.,= calearea, Chem.,=prorima, Brown, = i sordida, Couth.,= Suensont, Morch.” Hakodadi. 4th level, sandy mud. 1639. Litorina Grenlandica, Chem. Hakodadi. Rocks, 1st level. | 1648. Cardium pseudofossile, Rve.,=blandum, Gld., perhaps= Californiensis, Desh. Hakodadi. Twenty fm. sand. 1651. Terebratula{ Waldheimia| Grayi, Desh. Hakodadi. Shelly gravel, 8-15 fm. i 1665. Leda arctica, Brod. {= Y. lanceolata, J. Sby.]. Hakodadi. Sandy mud, 4-12 | fm. Seniavine Str., 10-30 fm. 1674. Drillia inermis, Hds. Hakodadi. Shelly sand, 4-10 fm. 1700. Pecten Yessoensis, Jay. {Probably a var. of Amuswum caurinum.| Hakodadi. | | Weedy mud, 4 fm. 1702. Cardium (Serripes) Grenlandicum. Awatska Bay, Kamtschatka. Mud, 12 fm. Also Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., and Arctic Ocean. 1703. Yoldia thracieformis, Storer. Hakodadi. Mud, 12 fm. *i\ 1704. Mytilus edulis. Hakodadi. Also Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., and MW Arctic Ocean. Low-water mark, and in 3rd and 4th level. 1705. Cardium Californiense, Desh. Hakodadi. Mud, 12 fm. [= no. 1648.] 1706. Mya truncata. Hakodadi; also Avikamcheche Is. Mud, 6-15 fm. Also Arctic Ocean, in mud, 30 fm. 1708. Buceinum glaciale. Uakodadi, and Straits of Seniavine, at Amincheche Is., Behring Str. 1710. Tritonium | Chrysodomus| antiquim+deformis, Rvye., and vars. Hakodadi and Avikamcheche Is. Gravel, 4 fm. 1711. Buccinum tortuosum, Rve.,=scalariforme+vars. Straits of Seniavine. 1714. Mya ?arenaria. Hakodadi and Avikamcheche Is. 1715. Bullia {| Volutharpa| ampullacea, Midd. Hakodadi. Gravel, 5-6 fm. 1716. Lanistes levigata, Gray (=discors, Lu., teste Dkr. in Mus. Cum.). Mud, 20 fm. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean ; common, in nests, 30 fm. ; no. 17389, 1717. Trichotropis multicaudata {? = Tr. coronata, Otia, p. 121: related to insignis, Midd., teste A. Ad.]. Hakodadi. Gravelly mud, 15 fm. 1718. [Lepeta] eeca, var. concentrica, Midd. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean. 1719. Trichotropis bicarinata, Sby. Hakodadi. Not uncommon in laminarian zone. Arctic Ocean ; common. 1720. Macoma proxima, Brown. WHakodadi; mud, 5-25 fm. Awatska Bay. Arctic Ocean ; common, no. 1727. 1721. Macoma edentula, Brod. and Sby. Hakodadi. Avikamcheche Is. 1722. Crepidula grandis, Midd. Hakodadi. Okhotsk, 15 fm. : no. 2002. | 1723. Venus fluctuosa, Gld., 1841. ? =astartordes, Beck, 1849. Hakodadi and Arctic | Ocean; not uncommon. Mud, 5-10 fm. | 1725. Cardita (Actinobolus) borealis, Conr. Avikamcheche Is., Behring Straits; mud, 5-80 fm. Awatska Bay; 10fm.mud. Arctic Ocean; common. 1726. Sazxicava pholadis, L.,=rugosa+distorta. Avikamcheche Is., Arctic Ocean. Awatska Bay; on shells, &e. Lam. zone; no. 1729. 1728. Margarita obscura, Couth. Awatska Bay, Kamtschatka. Maud, 10 fm. 1732. Bela turricula., Mont. Awatska Bay; mud, 6-15 fm. Also Seniavine Stz,j no. 1782, 70 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 5&5 §.1.Cat. no. 1735. 1734. 1735. 1736. 1737. 1740. 1741. 1742. 1744. 1745. 1747. 1748. 1749. 1750. 1751. 1752. 1753. 1754. 1756. 1757. 1758. 1759. 1760. 1761. 1762. 1763. 1765. 1770. LT. 1773. 1774. 1775. 1776. IE 1778. 1781. 1783. 1784. 1785. 1789. 1790. 1791. 17938. 1796. 1798. 1799. 1821. 1836. 1837. 1838. Yoldia limatula, Say. Awatska Bay and Arctic Oc. Mud, common, 5-20 fm, Natica clausa, Brod. Awatska Bay. Mud, 5-15 fm. Yoldia myalis (or hyperborea). Awatska Bay. Mud, 10 fm. Leda minuta. Seniavine Str. ; Arctic Oc., near Behr. Str. Mud and pebbly sand, 15-30 fm., coarse strie. Leda minuta, var. Ditto. Mud and pebbly sand, 5-20 fm., fine striz. Modiolaria corrugata. Ditto. Mud, in nests, 30 fm. Rhynchonella psittacea. Ditto. Graveland sponges, 20-30 fm. Margarita striata, Leach. Ditto. Shelly gravel, common, 15-30 fm. Admete arctica, Midd. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. Admete viridula, Couth. Ditto. Gravel, 4 fm.; mud, 10-30 fm. Velutina haliotoidea. Ditto. Gravel, 10-25 fm. Margarita argentata [Gld. Inv. Mass.]. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.; shelly, 15- 25 fm. Turritella (sp.), Migh. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.; clean gravel, 4-20 fm. Trichotropis bicarinata, Ditto. _Pebbly mud, 5-6 fm. TInunatia pallida, Brod. Ditto. Mud, 10-30 fm. Cylichna triticea, Couth. Ditto. Mud, 15-80 fm. Velutina { Morvilia] zonata | Gld. Inv. Mass.]. Ditto. On stones, 5 fm. Nucula tenuis, Mont. Ditto. Mud, common, 20-30 fm. ; pebbly mud, 5-20 fm. Also Hakodadi; sandy mud, 10 fm.; no. 1687. Trophon clathratus, Linn. Ditto. Mud, 20-30 fm.; gravel, 4 fm. Lunatia septentrionalis, Beck. Ditto. Gravelly mud, common, 20 fm.; gravel, 4 fm. Amicula vestita, Shy. Ditto. Gravel, common, 10-40 fm. Scalaria Grenlandica, Chemn. Ditto. Maud, 30 fm. TIamatia pallidoides. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. Chrysodomus Islandicus, Chemn. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm, Patella { Lepeta| candida, Couth. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. Chiton albus, Linn. Ditto. On shells in mud, 30 fm. Chrysodomus Schantaricus, Midd. Ditto. Mud, 20-30 fm. Astarte lactea, Br. and Sby. Arctic Oc. Mud, 30 fm. Pecten Islandicus, Chemn., var. Arctic Oc. Mud, 30 fm. Buccinum ?undatum (probably bicarinate var. of glaciale). Arctic Ocean, Buccinum ?undatum, var. pelagica. Arctic Ocean. Buecinum ? Ochotense, Midd. Arctic Ocean. Buccinum angulosum, Gray (= glaciale, yar.). Arctic Ocean. Buceinun ? tenue, Gray. Arctic Ocean. Mangelia, like simplex, Midd. Arctic Ocean. Bela rufa, Mont. Seniavine Str. Pebbly mud, common, 5 fm. Turritella erosa. Seniavine Str. Mud, 10-20 fm. Lyonsia Norvegica, Chem. Seniavine Str. Pebbly mud, 5 fm. Trichotropis insignis, Midd. Seniavine Str. Gravel, 10 fm. Bela decussata, Couth. SeniavineStr. Sandy mud, 10-20 fm. Also Awatska Bay ; no. 1730. Yoldia myalis, Couth. Seniavine Str. Mud, 10-20 fm.; pebbly mud, 5 fm. Bela harpularia, Couth. Pebbly mud, 5 fm. Margarita helicina, Fabr. Behring Str. Clean gravel and alg, 5 fm. Turtonia [? minuta, Faby.}. Behring Str. Common on sponges, 20-40 fm. Lunatia | Acrybia| aperta, Lov. Kamtschatka. Modiolaria nigra, Gray. Arctic Ocean. Chama lobata [= exogyra, Jay, non Conr.}. China Sea, west of Formosa. Shell-gravel, 30 fm, Purpura emaryinata, Desh. San Francisco. On rocks in 4th level. Litorina plena, G\d. San Francisco. On rocks in 3rd and 4th levels. Acmea textilis, Glid. San Francisco. On piles and rocks between tides. 18385. Acmea patina, Esch. San Francisco. On piles and rocks between tides, 1859. 1840, 1541. Cryptomya Californica, Conr. San Francisco. On sandy beaches. Macoma nasuta, Conr. San Francisco. Common in sandy mud, 1. w. 10 fm. Cardium Nuttallii, Cony. San Francisco. Common in sandy mud, 1. w. 10 fm, 71 586 REPORT—1863. 8.1.Cat. no. 1343. Mytilus edulis, var. San Francisco. On rocks and gravel, 4th level. 1844. Mytilus Californianus, Cony. Near entrance to San Francisco. On rocks and gravel, 4th level. 1845. Tapes diversa, Sby. San Francisco Bay. Very common, low-water mark = V’. staminea, Conr., var.,= V. mundulus, Rve. ; v. anted, p. 570). 1846. Chiton [Mopalia] muscosus, Gld. Entrance of San Francisco Bay. Not uncommon on rocks at low-water mark. 1847. Cryptodon | Schizotherus| Nuttallii, Conr., jun. San Francisco. One sp. 1848. Machera lucida, Conr. San Francisco. Common. [= J patula, Portl.] The shells brought back by the Expedition from Puget Sound and Shoal- water Bay were collected by Dr. Cooper, whom Dr. Stimpson met at San Francisco, and are not here catalogued, as they appear again in his own collections, v. infra, par. 101. 1860. Lithophagus cinnamomeus. China coast, lat. 233°. Dead, 25 fm., sand. 1924. Helix tudiculata, Bin. Petaluma, Cal.; under stems in open grove of scrub oak, 1956. Mytilus splendens, Gld. Hakodadi Bay. Rocks below tide-marks, com. 1957. Anomia olivacea, Gld. Hakodadi Bay. On shells or gravelly sand, 10 fm. 1958. Cerastoma foliatum, var. Burnettii, Ad. and Rve. Hakodadi Bay and N. EL part of Niphon. Low-water mark, on rocks and boulders. 1959. Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. N. E. shore of Niphon. See no. 1574. 1960. Purpura Freycinetti, Desh. N. E. shore of Niphon. Common on rocks. 1961. Purpura Freycinettii, var. with muriciform lamelle. N. E. shore of Niphon. 1967. Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. West Coast of Jesso. Gravel, 30 fm. 1968. Terebratula pulvinata, Gld. Arctic Ocean. Gravel, 30 fm. 2000. Puncturella noachina, Linn. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 20 fim. 2001. Astarte lactea, Brod. and Sby. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 20 fm. 2003. Terebratula globosa, Lam. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 36 fm. [Perhaps Cali- Jornica, Koch. | The following, from among the new species described by Dr. Gould in his ‘Otia Conch.,’ belong to the same province, and to forms which may be ex- pected to appear on the northern shores of West America. They were first published in the Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., under the dates quoted :— Otia,p. Bost. Proc. S.N.H. 109. 1859. June. Natica severa, Gld., like heros, but with umbilicus resembling wufasciata. Hakodadi, W. 8. 109: 5 » Natica russa, Gld., like clausa. Arctic Ocean, W. 8. 115. 4, Dec. Patella pallida, Gld. Hakodadi. On stones and gravel, 10 fm. Los > ,, y atella grata, Gld. N. E. shore of Niphon. TOS ae ss yy ox 7 5 12, Mulinia densata, Conr., p. 5138. ? Santa Barbara and shores of Pablo Bay. ; 3 Dosinia longula, Conr., p. 315. Monterey. % 9 18. Dosimia alta, Conr., p. 315. Monterey. y 14. Peeten Pabloensis, Conr. San Pablo Bay. is sa 15. Pallkium Estrellanum, Conr., p.313. Estrella Valley. - | 16. Janira bella, Conr., p.312. Santa Barbara. 2 ee }o Bil bie 1255, casdianaiOb Ves Male strea Titan, Conr., Phil. Proc. 1855. San Was DISPO. 73 V. 25. Pandora bilirata, Conr., p. 267. [Closely resembles Kennerlia f a biearinata.| Santa Barbara. oh 5 24. Cardita occidentalis, Conr., 1855, p. 267. [P= C. ventricosa, Gld.] Santa Barbara. a ” 23. Diadora crucibuliformis, Conr., 1855, p. 267. [P= Punctureila cucullata, Gld.| Santa Barbara. Fossils of Gatun, Isthmus of Darien. 72. V. 22. Malea ringens, Swains. Gatun. . 3 45 19. Turritella altilira, Conr. Gatun. 53 5 20. Turritella Gatunensis, Conr. Gatun. er 7 20. Triton, sp. ind. Gatun. Fe y 21. Cytherea Dariena, Conr. [The figure does not appear conspe= cific with that in the Blake collection, no. 50.] Galun. The northern fossils are supposed by Mr. Conrad to be of the Miocene period, and not to be referable to existing species. Those from Sta. Barbara, however, are clearly of a very recent age, and probably belong to the beds searched by Col. Jewett. But by far the most interesting result of Dr. Newberry’s ex- plorations was the discovery of the very typical Pacific shell, Malea ringens, in the Tertiary strata on the Atlantic slope of the Isthmus of Darien, not many miles from the Caribbean Sea. The characters of this shell being such as to be easily recognized, and not even the genus appearing in the Atlantic, it is fair to conclude that it had migrated from its head waters in the Pacific during a period when the oceans were connected. We have a right, there- fore, to infer that during the lifetime of existing species there was a period when the present separation between the two oceans did not exist. We may conclude that species as old in creation as Malea ringens may be found still living in each ocean; and there is, therefore, no necessity for creating ‘“‘ representative species,” simply because, according to the present configu- ration of our oceans, we do not see how the molluses could have travelled to unexpected grounds. 100. In vol. vu. of the Pacific Railroad Reports, part 2, is the Geological Report, presented to the Hon. Jefferson Davis, then Secretary of War, by Thos. Antisell, M.D. He states reasons for believing that during the Eocene period the Sierra Nevada only existed as a group of islands; that its final uplifting was after the Miocene period ; and that during the whole of that 80 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. age period the coast-range was entirely under water. The Miocene beds ar¢ above 2000 feet in thickness, and abound in fossils generally distinct from those of the eastern strata. There is nothing in Calitornia answering to the Northern Drift of the countries bordering on the Atlantic. The molluscs of Dr. Antisell’s Survey were described by Mr. Conrad, pp. 189-196. He remarks that “the fossils of the Estrella Valley and Sta. Inez Mountains are quite distinct from those of the Sta. Barbara beds, and bear a strong resem- blance to the existing Pacific fauna. The Miocene period is noted, both in the eastern and western beds, for the extraordinary development of Pecti- nide, both in number, in size, and in the exemplification of typical ideas.” It also appears to be peculiarly rich in Arcade, which are now almost banished from that region, while they flourish further south.- The large Amusium caurinum and the delicate Pecten hastatus of the Vancouver district, as well as the remarkable Janira dentata of the Gulf, may be regarded as a legacy to existing seas from the Miocene idea; otherwise the very few Pectinids which occur in collections along the whole West Coast of North America is a fact worthy of note. Mr. Conrad has “no doubt but that the Atlantic and Pacific oceans were connected at the Eocene period ; ” and the fossils here described afford strong evidence that the connexion existed during the Miocene epoch. All the species here enumerated (except Pecten deserti and ‘‘ Anomia subcostata”’) were believed to be distinct from those collected by the preceding naturalists. Dr, Antisell’s Californian Fossils. Page. Plate. Fig. 190. IL 1,2. Hinnites crassa, Conr. [?= H. gigantea, Gray.] Sta. Mar- [I. err. typ.] garita. ee Pecten Meekit, Cony. San Raphael Hills. ” Pecten deserti, Cony. Blake’s Col., p. 15. Corrizo Creek. ” i EES ad. Pecten discus, Conr. Near Sta. Inez. 191. a2: Pecten magnolia, Conr. | Probably= P. Jeffersonius, Say, Vire ginia.| Near Sta. Inez. = i 2- Pecten altiplicatus, Cony. San Raphael Hills. = Hil. 3,4. Pallium Estrellanum, Cony. (Janira.| Estrella. 5 ya: Spondylus Estrellanus, Conr. [?Janira.] Estrella. 192. V. 3,5. Tapes montana, Conr. San Buenaventura. os Wiel: Tapes Inezensis, Conr. Sta. Inez. 5 IV. 1,2. Venus Pajaroana, Cony. Pajaro River. a IV. 3,4. Arcopagia unda, Conr. Shore of Sta. Barbara and Estrella, [Closely resembles A. biplicata ; ? = Lutricola alta. | 5 VIL. 4 Cyclas permacra, Cony. Sierra Monica. Resembles C. pan= duta, Conr.,= Lucina compre sa, Lea. a MIAIG: Cyclas Estrellana, Cony. Estrella. ae Nikole Arca Obispoana, Conr. San Luis Obispo. 193. V. 2,4. Pachydesma Inezana, Conr. [Like P. erassatelloides.| Stas Inez Mts. re VI. 1,2. Crassutewa collina, Cony. Sta. Inez Mts. 3 IL. 3. Ostrea subjecta, Conr. “ May be the young of O. Panzana.” Sierra Monica. ae Ts, Ostrea Panzana, Conr. Panza, Estrella, and Gaviote Pass. a Dosinia alta, Cony. Salinas River. = VALE: G2 Dosinia longula, Cony. Salinas River. 104 Wiley A: Dosinia montana, Conr. Salinas River. . Wel.” 5. Dosinia subobliqua, Conr. Salinas River. Also a small Venus, a Natica, and a Pecten. » VIII. 2,3. Mytilus Inezensis, Conr. Sta. Inez. ” Vi. 6. Lutraria transmontana, Conr. Allied to LZ. papyrta, Conr. / Los Angeles; also San Luis. 6 81 596 Report—1863. Page. Plate. Fig. lot Vile (vas Axinea Barbarensis, Conr. Los Angeles. [?= intermedius. ] ” ViIlS 3. ? Mactra Gabiotensis, Conr. Gaviote Pass. May be a Scho zodesma. Associated with Mytilus sp. and Infundibuiwi Gabiotensis. a3 Vit, 6: Glycimeris Estrellanus, Conr. Panza and Estrella Valleys Allied to Panopea reflexa, Say. [? =P. generosa, Gd. | 195. Perna montana, Cony. 3S. Buenaventura. Alhed to P. maculata . Vit. «iS. Trochita costellata, Cony. Gavyiote Pass. ets VAILTS 345 Turritella Inezana, Conr. Sta. Inez Mts. sida LLL, YO: Turritella variata, Cony. Sta. Inez Mts. <3 X. 5,6. Natica Inezana, Conr. [PLunatia Lewisi.] Sta. Inez Mts. As before, the fossils appear to be in very bad condition. The succeeding paleontologists who have to identify from them are not to be envied. Then principal value is to show what remains in store for future explorers. The extreme beauty of preservation in the fossils collected by Col. Jewett, rivalling those of the Paris Basin, and sometimes surpassing the conspecific lving shells, makes us astonished that so large a staff of eminent men, employed by the Government, made such poor instalments of contribution to malacolo- gical science. The plan, too often followed, of remunerating naturalists, not according to the skilled labour they bestow, but according to the number ot “new species” they describe, is greatly to be deprecated. Further knowledge concerning the old species may be more important in scientific inquiries than the mere naming of new forms. It is generally a much harder task to per- form, and, therefore, more deserving ot substantial as well as of honourable acknowledgment. 101. The shells collected on the North Pacific Railroad Survey were in- trusted to W. Cooper, Esq., of Hoboken, New Jersey, for description: Dr. a | Gould being occupied with preparing the diagnoses of the N. Pacific K. EK. species. Judge Cooper was at that time the only naturalist in America known to be actively engaged in studying the marine shells of the West Coast, of which he has a remarkably valuable collection. He had rendered very valu- able service to the Smithsonian Institution by naming their speamens. Un- fortunately, there is such great difficulty even in New York city (of which Hoboken is a suburb) in obtaining access to typically named shells, as well as to many necessary books *, that, notwithstanding the greatest care, errors of determination are almost sure to arise. The “ Report upon the Mollusca collected on the Survey, by Wm. Cooper,” forms No. 6 of the Appendix, pp. 369-386, and errata. (Unfortunately the * Both Judge Cooper and Dr. Lea informed me (1860) that they had not been able even to see a copy of the plates to the U.S. Expl. Exped. Mollusca. Through special favour, | was enabled to obtain a series of the proofs to work by. The Smithsonian Institution, though intrusted with the keeping of the collections, was not favoured with a copy until after the war began, when the whole series was granted by Congress. Judge Cooper had derived great assistance from the British Association Report, and has communicated many corrections in it. In the alterations of synonymy, and in defining the limits of specific variation, I have had the benefit of his counsel and ex- perience; and have rarely felt compelled to differ from him. Having himself collected extensively in the West Indies, he had excellent opportunities of comparing fresh specimens from the now separated oceans. I was fortunate enough to meet his son, Dr. J. G. Cooper, at the Smithsonian Institution, and to examine the types of the species he collected (which are here enumerated) with the advantage of his memory and knowledge. His later contributions to the malacology of W. America will be afterwards enumerated: his valuable Treatise on the Forests and Trees of North America will be found in the Smithsonian Reports, 1858, pp. 246-280. ad eae ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 597 work had been carelessly printed.) It contains the following species, the localities quoted in the text from other sources being here omitted :— Page. 369. Murex foliatus, Gmel.,= M. monodon, Esch. (Cerostoma). San Diego, ? fossil, Cassidy. » Murex festivus, Hds. Dead. San Diego, Cassidy. » Triton Oregonensis, Redfield (non Jay, nec Say) = T. cancellatum, Midd., Rve., non Lam. Straits of De Fuca, Suckley, Gibbs, J. G. Cooper. 370. Chrysodomus antiquus, var. Behringiana, Midd., one specimen. Straits of De Fuca, Suckley. (Comp. Chr. tabulatus. | » Chrysodomus Middendorffii, Coop., n. s.,= Tritonium decemeostatum, Midd. One specimen on the shore of Whidby’s Island. Straits of De Fuca, J. G. Cooper. [= Bue. liratum, Mart. This being a remarkable instance of a “representative species,” it requires to be minutely criticized. Judge Cooper compared his specimen with 130 eastern shells, and noted the differ- ences with great fulness and accuracy. |262) Drillia aterrima. Rare; and var. Melcherst. 465 263 | Drillia albovallosa, 1 sp., dead. 467| E | 264) Drillia luctuosa. 1 sp., dead. 12 265 | Drillia maura, Val. Fragment. A 266 | Daphnella casta. 1sp. [Coearser strie than W. I. species, but scarcely differs from ecrebriplicata, Rve., “ Philippines.” ] A 267 | Cithara stromboides 1 sp. [Probably=triticea, fete | | Kien. | 109 ' C24 REPORT—18G3. | Pan. La Nese Maz.| Other 110 300| Bezoardica abbreviata. 1 living, with very small normal operculum. Common; dead. — [| Varies greatly in form and sculpture, like the Texan analogue,” which may be conspecific. | 3 391 | Triton vestitus. Isp. {Scarcely differs from pilearis. | 132 302 | Ranella celata. 1 sp., dead. L |303| Ranella Californica. Very rare. Grows 4 inches long. 151 A |582| Gal. | 304) Latirus ceratus. 2 dead sp. P 584} E |305| Fasctolaria princeps. 2 dead sp. Cat. |Paz.| pul.| Cat. | habitats. alee List of Cape St. Lucas Shells. T17 | Baek E_ | 268 | Conus princeps. Dead. 11S Py ok Gal. E| 269| Conus brunneus. Dead. 118} P| A |476 270 | Conus purpurascens and var. regalitalis. Dead. } 114} P| A | 480 271 | Conus gladiator. Dead. 1116} P| A |481| Gal. |272| Conus nux et var. pusillus [Gld. non Chem. ]. | Living; plentiful. 118 \C |G 273 | Conus scalaris. 1 sp., dead. Pees E_ | 274) Conus tornatus. Rare, dead. 270) Py A 275 | Solarium granulatum, and ? var. quadriceps. Com- mon. L_ |276| Odostomia ?straminea. 1 sp. 489 277 | Syrnola lamellata, 1 sp., oft Spondylus. 954 501 278 | Oseilla exarata=terebellum. 1 sp. | 293 507 279 | Chrysallida communis. 1 sp., off Spondylus. 927 518 280 | Chemnitzia Panamensis. Very rare. 519 281 | Chemnitzia Adamsi. 1 sp., off Spondylus. 524 282 | Chemniizia prolongata. 1 sp., off Spondylus. 582 283 | Chemnitzia flavescens. 1 sp., off Spondylus. 194 A |563} Le | 284) Cerithiopsis assimilata. 1 sp., off Spondylus. 207 507 | L_ | 285} Cerithiopsis tuberculoides. 1 sp. 208 C {391 286 | Triforis alternatus. 1 sp., off Spondylus. P 287 | Scalaria ? tiara. 1 sp. 295| P| A |570| Gal. | 288] Natica maroccana. Com. W. Afr.; ? Pacific Is. PP ae 289 | Natica zonaria. Common. Opere. grooved as in canrena | ==alapapilionis, var., teste Rve.: non Chem. }. A 290) Natica catenata. Common. 302| P| A {576} E |[291| Polinices uber. Common. [The young shells go through all shapes, from globose to pointed. Operc. thin, light green, horny. ] P A| G | Gal. | 292) P-linices otis et var. fusca. Rare; dead, P, G | Marg. | 293) Polhinices bifasciata. Living; rare. PiVAll iG E |294! Neverita glauca. 1 sp. 577 295 | Lamellaria, sp. ind. 1 sp. 146 A |579 296 | Ficula ventricosa. Not uncommon. Animal pre- served of both sexes, and of surpassing beauty. 66 C| G |E.Mar,| 297 | Malea ringens. 1dead sp. [ Fossil, Atlantic shores, Newberry. | 112| P| A| G@ | Gal. | 298) Oniscia tuberculosa. Very rare. 111| P| A| G | Gal. | 299) Leventa coarctata. Very rare. P|\C 131 C 18 A 306 | Mitra crenuta, Rve., teste Dohrn. Isp. [P=nu- cleola. 19 307 | Mitra ise C.B.Ad. 1 sp. 20 586 | Gal. E) 308} Strigatedla tristis. Rare. A|G| E> |309| Aneta harpa. 1 sp. P 589 310| Volutella margaritula. Off Spondylus ; common. 14 537 311) Marginella minor. Off Spondylus; rare. 110 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 625 Pan. La |Aca-| Maz. | Other No. | Cat. |Paz.| pul.| Cat. [aabitate: List of Cape St. Lucas Shells. A 312 | Volvarina varia. Rare. {Cannot be distinguished from some W. I. specimens. | A PWI1 | 313) Persicula imbricata. 1sp. [Can scarcely be sepa- rated from txterrupta, jun. Also Guacomayo. | 314 | Persicula phrygia. Rare. [Closely allied to fru- mentum. Differs from the W. I. sagittata by having the painting in loops instead of zigzag, and an orange callosity over the sunken spire, bordered by a spotted sutural line. | 36| P G | Marg. | 315| Oliva porphyria. 1 sp. P33] P| A | 591 316 | Oliva Melchersi, var. Rare. P. 2592) Marg. | 317 | Oliva subangulata. Very common, dead. [This species, very rare elsewhere, is known by the shouldered shape, toothed paries, and violet- stained mouth and columella. | P 600 318) Olivella dama. Rare; dead. P 596 319 | Olivella tergina. Rare; dead. 39 595 520 | Olivella undatella. 3 sp.; dead. 6OL 321| Olivella zonalis. Rare; dead. 598| PWI | 322) Olivella v. aureocincta. 3 sp.; dead. 597| E_ | 823) Olivella anazora. Very rare; dead. Perhaps a var. of 34} P 324| Olivella gracilis. Extremely abundant. {With many varieties: among which is one with dark Pre OPQ median and sutural bands and light spire ; an- other with dark spire; another pure white, of which the young is ¢rconspicua, C. B. Ad. ‘The Acapulean varieties are somewhat different. | AG 325| Harpa crenata. Dead. 76) P| A | 606 |E.Mar.) 326} Purpura bisertialis. Abundant. P| A |607 327 | Purpura trisertalis. Common. 69| P| A |608| Gal. | 3828) Purpura triangularis. Not uncommon, P| A | 603 |G.Mar.| 3829) Purpura patula. Common. Also West Indies. P| P|C \605| E | 330) Purpura muricata. Rare; dead at C.8. L.; living at Socorro Island. P Gal. | 331 | Purpura planospira. Dead shells at C. 8. L. and La Paz; abundant and fine at Socorro Island. 74 611 332 | Rhéxocheilus nux+tall var. {= Californicus. | 107 A Gal. | 325) Ststram carbonarium. Living ; plentiful. 89| P| A |613} WI |334| Mitidella cribraria. Abundant. 94 A|615| E |335| Columbella major. Tare. 86| #| A {617} E_ | 336] Columbella fuscata. Abundant. A 1337 | Columbella festiva. Not rare. 90| P Gal. |338| Columbella hemastoma. Not rare. E {889} Columbella solidula. Abundant *. A EK | 840} Columella Reevet | = Sta. Barbarensis, Cpr. (error) }. E | 341} Columella baccata. Rare. Vm 342 | Conella cedonulli. 1 sp. P 624 |L.Mar.| 343 | Nassa tegula. Rare; pale var. dD C |632 344 Nassa versicolor. Rare; dead. | 45 | Pl A 345 | Nassa corpulenta. Very rare. * The young shell is thin, semitransparent, with Alaboid tuberous vertex. The nuclear * partis rather more tumid than the next whirl, and set slanting as in some Chrysodomi. Adolescent, whirls smooth, except a sutural line. Sculpture of adult gradually developed, with spiral lines, sometimes all over, sometimes only anteriorly and posteriorly. Last whirl sometimes with blunt radiating riblets, but generally smooth. Siphonal notch deeply cut back, as in Strombina, to which the species may belong. 626 REPORT—18653. 1 Fan aun a oie ae | oer No. List of Cape St. Lucas Shells. ——— | eee eee ee eS ee Gal. | 346 | Fusus Thouarsit [+ Nove-Hollandia, Rve.)}. Rare ; dead. P 639, E_ | 347| Stphonatia pallida. Very rare. 109 Gal. | 848} Engina Reeviana. 1 sp. iP A Gal. | 349| Engina crocostoma. 1 sp. P C | 647 350 | Anachis coronata, Very rare. 652| E | 351} Anachis teniata [ = Gaskoinei]. Very rare, 99 362 | Anachis pulchrior. Very rare. G 353 | Anachis ?pallida, Phil. Very rare. 98 E | 3854} Anachis ?parva, var. Dead shells: may be pyg- med, Var. 650 355 | Anachis serrata. A few perfect specimens. (100) | A |(651)) (E) | 356] Anachis pygmea (var. auriflua). Rare. P| C | 657 357 | Strombina maculosa. Very rare. 37 E_ | 358} Strombina gibberula. Very rare. 64| P| A | 662 359 | Pisania sanguinolenta. Dwarf var.; common. 60 A 360 | Pisania lngubris. Rare; dead. P| C | 664 361) Murex plicatus. Rare; dead. 140 | P | A | 665 362 | Murex recurvirostris. 1 sp., dead. P | A | 669 363 | Phyllonotus bicolor. Rare. PA 1671 364 | Phyllonotus princeps. Rare; dead. 136| P | A |673 365 | Muricidea dubia. Rare; dead. 366 | Argonauta argo. 1 large sp. of the Pvar. papyracea.| Pelagic. 367 | Octopus, sp. Pelagic. As would be expected, the bulk of these species (203 out of 367) are the same as have been already enumerated in the Reigen Catalogue. Of those which do not appear in the Mazatlan lists, no fewer than 37 appear in the Panama collections (beside 10 others, known to inhabit the equatorial region). Of those not quoted from Mazatlan, 34 are also found in the Acapulco region, and 30 at La Paz. Of the whole number, 79 have also been found in South America, and 28 in the Galapagos. 38 have also been found in Margarita Bay, of which Pyrazus incisus and Siphonaria equilirata are Lower Californian rather than Gulf species; but only 13 belong to that portion of the Lower Californian fauna which is known to reach 8. Diego, exclusive of the same number of Gulf species, which also stray into the 8. Diegan district. There are also 10 species, which (with more or less distinctness) represent West Indian forms. Of these, five, viz. Heterodonax bimaculatus, Evato Mauyerie, Volvarina varia, Persicula imbricata and phrugia, are néw to the Gulf fauna: the other five appear in the Reigen Catalogue. 106. The most extensive collections in the Vancouver district, both as far as the number of species and of specimens is concerned, have been made for the Smithsonian Institution by Mr. J. G. Swan, teacher at the Indian Reserve, Neeah Bay, W. T. For several years * valuable consignments have been received from him of shells collected at Cape Flattery, Port Townsend, and other stations. Latterly he has trained the native children to pick up shore- shells in large quantities. The labour of sorting and arranging these has been enormous; it has, however, been repaid not only by observing the * In consequence of boxes having been received at different times, through the accidents of transit, it has not always been possible to ascertain with certainty to whom, among simultaneous collectors, should be allowed priority in the discovery of new species. 112 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 627 variations of form in large numbers of individuals, but by the discovery of several new species and the addition to the district-fauna of many others. The duplicates are made-up in series for distribution by the Smithsoman Institution ; and, though of the worst quality from a “ collector’s”’ point of view, they will be found very serviceable by real students, being carefully named in accordance with this Report. He has now received a dredge, con- structed for him by Dr. Stimpson; and if he succeeds in training the young Indians to use it, there is little doubt that a rich harvest of fresh materials will shortly be obtained. Some of the collections were made on the neigh- bouring shores of Vancouver’s Island, among which was a large series of Puchypoma gibberosum, Chem., with attached Bivoxia, noth of an essentially Eastern Pacific type, the former having been brought from Japan by Mr. A. Adams. The Indians have taken a fancy to the opercula of this shell for the purpose of ornamenting their canoes. As it is an article of trade among themselves, it is remarkable that so large ashell should have so long escaped the notice of collectors. Dead specimens have been washed-up in California ; but it is not known even to enter the Straits of De Fuca alive. The shore- pickings of the Indian children, which have already added 25 species to science, are singularly free from ballast-importations, although they present a few (supposed) extra-limital shells, probably washed-up by the ocean currents. The following are the species new to the Vancouver fauna ; the remainder will be found tabulated in the 7th column of the general Table, par. 112, ifra. Waldheinia Coreanica, valves. . Aylotrya pennatifera, teste Jeffr. . Chdiophora punctata, one worn valve. . Macoma ?edentula. Two living shells may be the young of this species, or an extreme var. of ¢nquinata. . Mera salmonea. Plentiful. . Angulus variegatus. Rare. : . Semele rubrolineata. One large valve may belong to this species, or (more probably) be distinct and new. . Standella ? Californica. One young valve. . Miodon prolongatus, n. subg.,n.s. Several valves of this curious shell, inter- mediate between Lacina and Venericardia, accord with forms not before eliminated, from the Coralline Crag and Inferior Oolite. 10. Lazaria subquadrata. One valve. 11. Diplodonta orbelia. Very large valves. 12. Kellia (var.) Chironit. A few valves. 13. Adula stylina. Plentiful. 14. Axrinea (? septentrionalis, var.) subobsoleta. Numerous valves. 15. Siphonaria Thersites,n.s. Rare, dead. Like tristens?s and other Cape Horn and N. Zealand types. The genus was not known north of Margarita Bay. 16. Mopalia (Kennerleyt, var.) Swannit. One sp. and valves. 17. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) Nuttall. One sp. 18. Haliotis Kamtschatkana. Rare. 19. Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem. Living; plentiful. 20. Leptonyx sanguineus, Linn. Very plentiful. (Japan, A. Ad.;= Homalopomz sanguineum, ante p. 588 (nom. preoc.); Mediterranean, Philippi.) 21. Chlorostoma funebrale (et var. subapertum. One sp.). 22. Calliostoma canaliculatum. Living ; abundant. 23. Margarita cidaris, n. s. One fresh specimen, with aspect of Turctca. 24, Margarita helicina. Very rare. 25. Gaibbula parcipicta. One sp. 26. Gibbula succincta, n. s. Rare. 27. Gibbula lacunata, n. 8. One sp. 8 113 NO Poor £& 00 628 rREPORT—1863. 28. Gibbula funiculata, n. s. Very rare. 29. Hipponysx er anioides, n. 8. Plentiful. 30. Bivonid compacta, u. s. Frequent on Pachypoma; externally resembles Petas loconchus macrophragma. 31. Bittium (2 var.) eswriens. Common, dead. 2. Lacuna porrecta, nu. s. Plentiful, with intermediate Pvars. exequata and effusa. 33. Lacuna (? solidula, var.) compacta. Rare. 34. Lacuna variegata, n. s. Not common; resembles the Japanese L. decorata, 35. Isapis fenestrata, n. 8. Very rare. 36. Alvana reticulata, n. s. Very rare. 87. Alvania filosa, n. s. One specimen. 38. ? Assiminea subrotundata, n. s. One specimen. 39. ? Paludinella, sp. One specimen. 40. Mangelia crebricostata, n. s. Very rare. 41. Mangelia interfossa, n. s. Several dead specimens. 42. Mangelia tabulata, n. s. Several dead specimens. 3. Daphnella effusa, n. 8. One broken specimen. 44, Odostomia satura, n. s. and Pvar. Gould. Very rare. 45. Odostumia nuciformis, n. s. and P var. avellana, Very rare. 46. Odostomia inflata. Very rare. 47. Odostomia tenuisculpta, n. 8. Very rare. 48. Scalaria Indianorum, n.s. Rare. 49. Opalia borealis. Very common. This fine species, indicated by Dr. Gld. (E. E. Mol., p. 307) under Scalaria austr alis, closely resembles O. Ochotens#s, Midd. It is not referred to in the ‘ Otia, and the locality was naturally suspected. 50. Cerithiopsis munita, n.s. Rare. 51. Cerithiopsis columna. Very rare. 52. Cerithiopsis tuberculata. | Rare. No differences have been detected on comparing 53. Triforis adversa. the Herm and Neeah Bay specimens. £4. Trichotropis inermis. A few specimens differ from the decorticated J. cancels lata, and agree with ee s diagnosis. 55. Canceliars va modest, n. One sp. ‘and fragment. 56. Velutina prolongata, Nn. S. Very rare 57. Olivella biplicata. Very fine and abundant. 58. Purpura (var.) fuscata. Forbes’s species, the locality of which was before un- certain, is here connected by easy transitions with the normal saaicola. 9. Columbella (var.) ? Hindsii. May be a stunted form of A. gausapata. 60. Amycla tuberosa. Rare. Gl. Chrysodomus tabulatus. One beautifully perfect specimen; described and figured from Mr. Lord’s broken shell, sent simultaneously. The following appear to be due to currents :— 62. Pachydesma crassatelloides. Fragment. 63. Fissurella volcano. One broken specimen. 107. A collection of shells received from the Farallones Islands by Mr. R. D. Darbishire, of Manchester, soon after the publication of the first Report, contained several species at that time new to science, but in too imperfect a condition for description. Among them were— Martesia intercalata, Maz. Cat., no. 19. Burrowing in Haliotis rufescens. Odostomia inflata, n. 8. Young shells, abundant, in Haliotis rufescens. Ocinebra lurida. Ocinebra interfossa, 0. 8. Collections from the same locality were afterwards sent by the Rev. J. Rowell, and are tabulated with the rest of the Smithsonian series in the 4th column of the general Table, par. 112. 114 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 629 108. In 1860, previously to the ecmmencement of the Californian Geo- logical Survey, Dr. J. G. Cooper joined a military expedition across the Rocky Mountains, under the command of Major Blake, U.S.A. Having forwarded his notes and specimens to Judge Cooper, they were placed in the hands of Mr. Thomas Bland, of New York. He prepared a “ Notice of Land and Freshwater Shells, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper in the Rocky Mountains, &c.,” which appears in the ‘Ann. Lyc. N. H. of N. York,’ 1861, pp. 362 et seq. We have here the judgment of one of the most distinguished students of American land-shells, whose labours on the tropical forms have accumulated facts so important in their bearing on the Darwinian controversy *. The fol- lowing is an outline of the Report, which is peculiarly valuable for the copious notes on the station and distribution of species :— No. 1. Helix Townsendiana, Lea. “ Both slopes of the Bitter Root Mountains, from 2200-5600 tt. high. Large var. at the base of the range to 4800 ft. Smail var. in dry prairie at junction of Hell-Gate and Bitter Root Rivers; also in Wash. Ter., west of the Coast Mountains. The most wide-spread of the species,” J. G. C.; Puget Sound, Cape Disappointment, teste Bland. 2. Helix Mullani, n.s., Bland. ‘ Under logs and in dry pine-woods: dead, Coeur d’Aléne Mission: living, west side of Bitter Root Mountains,’ J. G. C.; St. Joseph’s River, 1st Camp, Oregon, teste Binney. Closely allied to H. Co- lumbiana, Lea,=labiosa, Gld. A beautiful hyaline var. was found under a _ stone, by the Bitter Root River, 4000 ft. high. 8. Helix polygyrella, n.s., Bland. “ Moss and dead wood in dampest parts of spruce-forests ; common on the Coeur d’Alene Mountains, especially eastern slope,’ J. G. C. Entirely unlike any other N. A. species, and having affi- nity with H. polygyrata from Brazil. 4. Helix Vancouverensis, Lea,= H. concava, Bin. sen. olim, non postea, nec Say ; =H. vellicata, Fbs., certainly ; =H. sportella, Gld., probably. ‘‘ West sice of Coeur d’Aléne Mountains, W. T., in forests of Conifer, such as it in- habits west of the Cascade Range. Between these two ranges, for 200 milcs, is a wide plain, quite uninhabitable for snails, on account of drought. Th's sp. and H. Townsendiana probably travel round it through the northein forests in lat. 49°,” J. GC. Also Crescent City, Cal., Newcomb; Oregon City, Whidby’s Is., W. T.; Mus. Bland. Found on the Pacitic slope, from Puget Sound to San Diego. 6. Helix strigosa, Gld. “ Aistivating under pine-logs, on steep slope of shale, containing veins of lime, 4000 ft. high, near Bitter Root River, Rocky Moun- tains,” J. G. C.; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska; Rio Piedra, W. New Mexico; teste Bland. One sp. reached N. York alive, and deposited six young shells. [?May not these have been abnormally hatched in the body of the parent, from the unnatural confinement. | 6. Helix Cooperi, Binn., jun. “ East side of Mullan’s Pass, Rocky Mountains, W. T., at an elevation of 5500 ft.,” J. G. C.; Black Hills of Nebraska, Dr. V. Hayden; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska; west side of Wind River Mountains; Rio Piedra, W. N. Mexico, teste Bland. Passes by varieties towards H. strigosa, Gld. Hayden’s shell from Bridger’s Pass, Nebr., referred to by Binn., jun., Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 1858, p. 115, as H. svlitaria, var., is the young of this species. 7. Helix solitaria,Say. Both slopes of Coeur d’Aléne Mts., 2500 feet high, J. G..C. Also Prairie States, teste Bland. 8. Helix arborea, Say. “ Damp bottom lands, along the lower valley of Hell-Gate River, 4500 ft. high,” J. G. C. Found from Labrador to Texas, and from Florida to Nebraska ; also on the River Chama, N. Mex.; also Guadaloupe, teste Beau and Férussac, letter to Say, 1820; teste Bland. * Vide “ Geographical Distribution of the Genera and Species of Land Shells of the West Indies, &c.,” by Thomas Bland. Reprinted from Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vol. vii: New York 186. + 116 630 REPORT—1863. No. 9, Helir striatella, Anth. With H. arborea, J.G.C. From Caneda FE. to Kansas, and trom Pembina (Red River N.) to Virginia; teste Bland. 10. Suecinea rusticana, Gld. “ Rocky Mountains of bitter Root Valley, 2500- A500 ft. JG. C. The freshwater shells collected on the Rocky Mountains by Dr. Cooper were determined, with the assistance of Dr. Lea and of Messrs. Binney and Prime, as follows :— ll. Limnea fragilis [as of] Linn. [Binney]. Hell-Gate River; Missouri River, above the Falls. [=Z. palustris, auct. | 12. Limnea humilis, Say. Hell-Gate River. 13. Limnea bulimoides, Lim. [Binney]. Missouri River, above the Falls. 14. Limnea desidiosa, Say. Missouri River, above the Falls. 15. Physa hypnorum, Linn. Hell-Gate River. 16. Physa heterostropha, Say. Hell-Gate River; Missouri River, above the Falls, 17. Planorbis trivolvis, Say. Hell-Gate River. 18. Planorbis Pparvus, Say. Hell-Gate River. 19. Anceylus, sp. ind. 20. Melania plicifera, Lea. Hell-Gate River. 21. Leptoxis, sp. ind. 22. Amnicola, sp. ind. 23. Spherium [ Cyclas] occidentale, Prime. Hell-Gate River. 24. Spherium Ros striatinum, Lam. Missouri River, above the Falls. 25. Unio luteolus, Lam. 25. Margaritana margaritifera, Linn. Missouri River, above the Falls; also Spokan River, below Lake Coeur d’Aléne,= A. faleatus, Gld.; the purple var. hitherto only found on the Pacific slope. 109. The land-shells of the peninsula of California present points of great interest to the student of geographical distribution. While those of the eastern shore of the Gulf belong exclusively to the Mexican or Central Ame- rican fauna, those of the western present in their general features that form of the South American type which belongs to the region of the Andes. The contrast between the Glandine and painted Bulimids of Mazatlan, and the small dull forms, or solid white shells of the peninsula, is evident even to the superficial observer. They are catalogued by Mr. Binney in the ‘ Proe. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia,’ 1861, pp. 331-338, and are as follows, outline-figures being given of the new species :— No. 1. Helix areolata, Shy. CerrosIs., Dr. Veatch. 2. Helix Pandore, Fbs. Margarita Is. (Binney). 3. Bulimus excelsus, Gld. La Paz. (Mus. Cal. Acad. N. 8.) 4. Bulimus vesicalis, Gla. Lower California. [Altered in ‘ Otia,’ p. 184, to B. sufflatus ; nom. preoc. 5, Bulimus pallidior, Sby.,=vegetus, Gld. With B. incendens, v.infra. (S. Ame- rica, Cuming.) [Cape St. Lucas List, no. 166. ] Bulmus proteus, Brod. One large and many young specimens; Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. (Mountains of Peru, teste Pfeiffer.) |[C.S. L., no. 167. Bulimus Xantusi, n.s. Promontory of St. Lucas. 4 sp.* Xantus. [No. 168.] Bulimus artemisia, n.s. Promontory of St. Lucas. 1 sp., on small species of Artemisia; Xantus. [C.8. L., no. 169, | Bulimus pila, u.s. Todos Santos Mission and Margarita Is., in rocky spots under mosses, not uncommon, Xantus. Resembles B. suffatus, jun. [ No. 170.] 10. Bulimus incendens,n.s. In great numbers with B. pallidior, Sby., climbing high “copal” or copaiva trees, on dry hills 800-1000 ft. high; Cape St. Lucas, Margarita Bay, Xantus. Resembles B. excelsus, Gld._ [No. 171.] ll. Pedipes lirata, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. [C.S. L., no. 172.] 116 o o wn ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 631 110. At the time of the preparation of the first Report, not a single naturalist was known in Europe to be resident on the western slope of North Amcrica, to whom communications could be addressed on the subject of it. There was, however, even at that time, a ‘“ Californian Academy of Natural Sciences,” which met at S. Francisco, and published its ‘ Proceedings.’ This Academy is now in a flourishing condition, under the presidency of Col. L. Ransom. The general zoological department is under the care of Dr. J. G. Cooper; the shells under that of Dr. J.B. Trask, Vice-President of the Academy, whose name has already appeared in Judge Cooper’s Report, anted, p. 597 ; and the fossils under that of Mr. W.M.Gabb. The corresponding secretary is Dr. W. O. Ayres; and the librarian Prof. J. D. Whitney, the director of the State Geological Survey. Already the nucleus has been formed of a very valuable collection, many of the critical species in which have been sent to England for identification. The coasting-trade between S. Francisco and many stations in L. California, the Gulf, and the Mexican coast, offers pecu- liar facilities for obtaining valuable information. Two of the contributors to the Californian Academy require special and grateful mention. Dr. Wesley Newcomb (whose labours had greatly enriched the State Collection at his native city, Albany, New York, and whose researches among the Achatinelle in the Sandwich Islands are well known) is stationed at Oakland, near Fran- cisco, and has already furnished valuable papers, an abstract of which is here given, as well as emendations and additions to the British Association Report, which are included in their appropriate places*. The Rev. J. Rowell has long been a regular correspondent of the Smithsonian Institution, and has sub- mitted the whole of his West-coast collections for analysis. He has dis- played peculiar industry in searching for small species on the hacks of the larger shells, especially the Haliotids of the Californian coast, and the Ostvea iridescens, Which is imported in large quantities from Acapulco for the San Francisco market f. In the ‘ Proce. California Ac. Nat. Sc.,’ vol. i. pp. 28-30, Feb. 1855, Dr. J. B. Trask published descriptions of Anodonta Randalli, Trask, Upper San Joaquin ; Anodonta triangularis, Trask, Sacramento River; Anodonta rotund- ovata, Trask, Sacramento Valley ; Alasmodonta Yubaénsis, Trask, Yuba River. In the ‘ Ann. Lye. N. H. New York,’ vol. vi. 1860, p. 146, Dr. Newcomb describes the first Pupa found on the Pacific slope, viz. Pupa Rowellii, Newe. Near Oakland, Cal. ‘* Approaches nearest to P. ovata, Say.” * The “ Chiton amiculatus,’ Newe., MS.,= Cryptochiton Stellert. ‘ Rare near S. Fran- cisco ; somewhat more abundant in the Bay of Monterey.’”’ His “‘ Panopea generosa,” in the Albany Museum, was found to be Schizotherus Nuttalliz. + As an instance of the way in which mistakes arise, may be placed on record a series of shells sent to Mr. Rousseau, of Troy, New York, by Mr. Hilman, formerly of that city, now a resident at San Francisco. They were sent as Californian ; yet, of the thirty- four species which it contained, only one could be called a native of that province. All the rest were tropical. and of that peculiar character which belongs to Acapulco. No doubt, the gentleman had obtained them from a trader to that city. If only a few species had been sent, mixed with Californian shells, they might have puzzled the learned ; for they were obtained, on the spot. by a gentleman of known integrity. As itwas, the magnitude of the error led to its discovery: but in how many similar cases such error is thought impos- sible !—Strigilla carnaria; Donax carinatus, puncto-striatus; Heterod. bimaculatus; Cal- lista aurantia, chionea; Petr. robusta; Card. consors, biangulatum; Liocard. apicinum ; Trigona radiata, Hindsii; Anom. subimbricata ; Lima tetrica; Siphonaria gigas, lecanium ; Patella discors, pediculus; Fiss, rugosa; Crue. imbricatum, spinosum, umbrella; Crep. aculeata; Hipp. antiquatus, barbatus; Cerith. uncinatum; Modulus disculus; Natica maroccana, catenata; Polinices uber; Leuc. cingulata; AEneta harpa; Purp. triangularis, The single shell from the temperate fauna is Glyphis aspera, be 632 REPORT—1863. In the ‘ Ann. Lyc. N. H. New York,’ 1861, p. 287, the Rev. J. Rowell, of San Francisco, describes the second species of Pupa* discovered on the western slope, viz. “ P. Californica, Row., San Francisco: plentiful.” On February 4th, 1861, Dr. Wesley Newcomb published (Latin) dia- gnoses of the following Californian Pulmonates in the « Proceedings of the Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc.,’ vol. 1. pp. 91-94. A second Part bears date March 18th, pp. 103, 104. e. 91. Helix Bridgesti, Newe. San Pablo, Cal. 1 sp. Distinct from all described forms. Helix Trasku, Newe. Los Angelos, Cal. “ Distinguished from H. Thouarsit at a glance.” 92. Vitrina Pfeiffert, Newe. Carson Valley. More rounded than diaphana, Drap. 94. Pisidium occidentale, Newe. Ocean House, 8. Francisco, Rowell. 103, Helix Carpentert, Newe. Tulare Valley, Mus. Cal. Ac. Belongs to the Cy- clostomoid group, and has the aspect of a desert species. [Quite distinct from H. Carpenteriana, Bland, Florida. | Helix Ayresiana, Newe. Northern Oregon; Mus. Cal. Ac. Resembles HZ reticulata, Pfr., a Californian species not identitied by the author. 104. Physa costata, Newcomb. Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch, Mus. Cal. Ac. 5 In the ‘Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1861,’ pp. 367-372, Mr. W. M., Gabb published “ Descriptions of New Species of American Tertiary Fossils,” in which occur several Californian shells. The authorities for the localities are not given, and the diagnoses are in English only. Considerable confusion often arises from the study of tertiary fossils without knowledge of recent shells, and vice verséd. Mr. Gabb’s writings on the Cretaceous fossils of Ame- rica display an ability with which this paper is perhaps not commensurate. Some errors which had been found very difficult to understand are here cor- rected by the author himself, who regrets the incompleteness of his earlier work. v68. Turbonilla aspera, Gabb. Sta. Barbara, Miocene. [ = Bittiwm, sp., teste Gald, MS. Mocha striata, Gabb. Sta. Barbara, ? Miocene. [= Lacuna carinata, Gld. teste Gabb MS. and specimens. Mr. Gabb considers that Litorina Pedroana Conr., is the same species, which is probably not correct. | 369. Sphenia bilirata, Gabb. Sta. Barbara. [Description accords with Sazicava arctica, jun., var.; but Mr. Gabb considers it a good species. Venus rhysomia, Gabb. ? Miocene, Sta. Barbara. [= Psephis tantilla, Gld., teste Gabb MS. and specimens. } 371. Cardita monilicosta. ? Miocene, Sta. Barbara. [Description accords with Venericardia ventricosa, Gld. jun.; but Mr. Gabb considers it a good species. | Morrisia Hornii. ?Miocene. Sta. Barbara. “ First pointed out by Dr. Horn in a rich fossiliferous marl, and not uncommon.” In the ‘ Proceedings of the Calif. Ac. Nat. Sc.’ for April 7th, 1862, pp. 170- 172, Mr. W. M. Gabb published detailed English “ Descriptions of two Species of Cephalopoda in the Museum of the Academy,” of which one, Onychoteuthis jusiformis, is said to be from Cape Horn, the other from California. ” 170. Octopus punctatus, Gabb. Common near San Francisco. Also abundant in Scammon’s Lagoon, Lower California, Capt. C. M. Scammon. Arms more than seven feet long, Dr. W. O. Ayres. “ Differs from O. megalocyathus, * That the race of small Pupe is very ancient on the North American continent, as in Earope, is evident from the very interesting discovery. by Prof. Dawson, of a fossil Pupa, én situ, nestling in an upright tree, fossilized in the Nova Scotian coal-beds; which can _ scarcely be distinguished, even specifically, from some living forms. 118 ON MOLLUSCA OF TIIE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 633 Page. Couth., E. E. Moll. p. 471, in absence of lateral membrane, size of mouth and cupules, and general coloration.” 171. Onychoteuthis fusifo mis, Gabb. “Cape Horn,” Mus. Ac. [San Clemente Is., Cal., Cooper, MS. | From the ‘ Proc. Cal. Ac. N.8.,’ 1863, p. 11, it appears that at least one molluse, a Teredo or Xylotrya, has already established for itself an economic celebrity. Piles have been entirely destroyed in six months from the time they were placed in the water. On March 2, 1863, Mr. Auguste Remond published, in the same Journal, English ‘‘ Descriptions of two new Species of Bivalves from the Tertiaries of Contra Costa County: ”— 13. Cardium Gabbiit, Rem. Late tert. deposit near Kirker’s Pass, in shelly sand, with Tapes regularis, Gabb, and Murex ponderosus, Gabb, both extinct. “ Easily recognized by heavy hinge and enormous laterals; lunule cari- nated.” [? Lrocardiwm. | Ostrea Bourgeoisu, Rem. Same locality. On April 20, 1863, Dr. Cooper described (in English) the following mol- luse, of which the only species previously known is from Cuba :— ” 21. Gundlachia Calfornica, Rowell. Fig. 5 (three views). Fifty specimens on water-plants in clear, stagnant ponds, at Marysville, Feather River, 2ovweil. On January 8, 1864, Dr. Newcomb described (in Latin) the following, with other Pulmonates from the State Survey, already tabulated in p. 609 :— 115. Helix Hillebrandi, Newe. Tuolumne Co., Cal. One recent and several fossi shells, M. Voy. Like H. Thouarsii, but depressed and hirsute. The latest contribution to the malacology of California is one of the most interesting. It is described (in Latin) by Dr. Newcomb, Feb. 1, 1864 :-— 121. Pedicularia Californica, Newe. One specimen from coral growing on a mon- ster Echidnocerus, very deep water, Farallones Is., D. N. Robinson. “ As beautiful as P. elegantissima, Desh., from Is. Bourbon.’’ [ Mr. Pease also ob- tained a deep-water Pedicularia from coral in the Pacific Is., which Mr. Cuming affiliated to the Mediterranean P. Sicula. Dy. Gould (Otia, p. 215) also describes P. decussata, coast of Georgia, 400 fm., U. S. Coast Survey. | 111. The following descriptions of species, and notes on habitats and synonymy, have been collated from various American scientific periodicals, chiefly by the assistance of Mr. Binney’s ‘ Bibliography.’ In the ‘American Journal of Science and Art,’ O.S., vol. xxxviii. p. 396, Apmil 1840, Dr. A. A. Gould records the following species, said to be from “California.” His 7'rochus vittatus is not known :— Murex tricolor et bicolor. Trochus vittatus. Cardium Californianum. Bulimus undatus. In the ‘Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History,’ vol. iv. 1846, No. 5, p. 165, Mr. John H. Redfield first described Triton Oregonense, Straits of San Juan de Fuca: plate 11. fig. 2. In the ‘ Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,’ 1848, vol. iv. p. 121, Mr. T. A. Conrad described new genera, and gave notes or Parapholas Californica, Cryptomya Californica, and Psammobia Californica, altering Osteodesma hyalina (nom. preoc.) into Lyonsia Floridana. In the same work, March 1854, vol. vii., Mr. Conrad described Cyathodonta undulata, He also states that Gnathodon trigonum. Petit, is probably identical with G, Lecontei, Conr.[?| (nom. prior), and alters genus T'rigonella to Pachydesma. 119 634 REPORT—1863. In the ‘Proc. Boston Ac. Nat. Hist.,’ July 1851, vol. iv. p. 27, Dr. A. A. Gould published “ Notes on Californian Shells,” and, in vol. vi. p. 11, described Helix ramentosa, California, and Helia damascenus, from the desert east of California. In the ‘Proceedings Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil.,’? April 1856, vol. viii. pp. 80, 81, Dr. Isaac Lea described the following species of new freshwater shells from California :— Pompholyx effusa. Sacramento River. Melania Shastaénsis. Shasta and Scott Rivers. Melania nigrina. Clear Creek, Shasta Co. Physa triticea, Shasta Co. Planorbis Traskit. Wern Lake, Tulan Co. Lymnea provima. Axroya, St. Antonio. Ancylus patelloides, Sacramento River. and offered notes on Margaritana margaritifera, Lea,= Alasmodonta falcata, Gld.,= Alasmodonta Vubuaénsis, Trask. IXlamath and Yuba. Anodonta Wahlamatensis, Lea, =A. triangulata, Trask,+-A. rotundovata, Trask. Sacramento River. Anodonta angulata, Lea,+A. feminalis, Gld.,+A. Randall, Trask. Upper San Joaquin. Helix Oregonensis, Lea. Point Cypress, Monterey Co. Heliv Nickliniana, Lea. 'Tomales Bay and Dead Man’s Island. Helix Californiensis, Lea. Point Cypress. Lymnea exigua, Lea. San Antonio Arroya. Lymnea pallida, Ad. San Antonio Arroya. Physa heterostropha, Say. Los Angeles. Melania occata, Hds. Sacramento River. Melania (Paludina) seminalis, Hds. Sacramento River, Planorbis trivolvis, Say. Horn Lake. Planorbis ammon, Gld. Lagoons, Sacramento Valley. In the New Series of the ‘Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia’ occur descriptions und notes on species, as under :— Page. 1857. Feb. 18. Helix intercisa, W. G. Bin.,= H. Nickliniana, Bin. sen., var. Oregon. TSS ioe. 19, Succinea lineata, W. G. Bin. Nebraska. 1857. June. 165. Mr. T. A. Conrad described the genus Gonidea for A. angu- lata, Lea; and for Gonidea Randalit, Trask, and Gonidea Jeminalis, Gld.; regarding the three species as probably distinct. [Dr. Lea, however, considers them varietal. | 1858. March. 41. Dr. I. Lea described Planorbis Newberryi. Klamath Lake and Canoe Creek, California. 1860. March. 23. Melania Newberryi, Lea. Upper Des Chutes River, Oregon, Newberry. In the “ Notes on Shells, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species,” by TY. A. Conrad, reprinted from the ‘Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Phil.’ Aug. 1849, are given the following synonyms, pp. 213, 214:— Petricola Californica, Cony.,= Saxicava C., Conr.,= P. arcuata, Desh. Petricola carditoides, Conr.,= Sacicava e., Conr.,=P. cylindracea, Desh. Siliqua Nuttall, Cony.,= Solecurtus N., Conr.,=Solecurtus maximus, Gld., non Wood, =Solen splendens, Chenu. Siliqua lucida, Conr.,=Solecurtus 1. Conr.,=Solecurtus radiatus, Gld., non Lina, 120 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 635 Tn his “Synopsis of the Genera Parapholas and Penitella,”’ from the same source, p. 335, are given as synonyms— Parapholas Californica, Conr., = Pholas C., Conr., = Pholas Janell, Desh. Penitella Conradi, Val., = Pholas penita, Conr., = Pholas concamerata, Desh. Penitella melanura, Sby., = Penitella Wilsoni, Cony. (not Parapholus bisulcaia), In the elaborate but somewhat intricate ‘‘ Monograph of the Order Phola- dacea,” &e., by G..W. Tryon, jun., Philadelphia, 1862, the following species are quoted from the West Coast, and form the conclusion of the marine shells hitherto described, so far as known to the writer :— Page. 49, Rocellaria { Gastrochena] ovata, Shy. Panama, W. I., and Charleston, Stinp= son. “ Not the slightest difference between the Pacific and Atlantic speci- mens.” 74. Pholas ( Cyrtopleura) truncata, Say. Massachusetts ; 8. Carolina; Payta, Peru, Ruschenberger ; Chili. 77. Dactylina (Gitocentrum) Chiloénsis, King, 1832,= Ph. laqueata, Sby., 1849. Peru, Chili [Panama, Jewett]. Scarcely differs from D. Campechensis,= Ph. oblongata, Say, = Ph. Candeana, D’Orb.; Southern U. S., W. I. 82. Navea subglobosa, Gray, Aun. N. H. 1851, vol. viii. p. 885. California. [“ In a hole ina shell. Cabinet Gray.” Neither shell nor authority stated. | 85. Pholadidea (Hatasia) melanura, Sby. Lower California, = Penitella Wilsonia, Conr., J. A. N. Sc. Ph., fig. 4 (non 5). “This error in figuring led Dr, Gray to misunderstand both the species and Conrad’s idea of the genus Penitella.” { Vide Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1856, p. 265. ] 87. Penitella penita. [Mr Tryon erroneously quotes (Netastoma) Darwinii, as well as Ph. cornea, as synonyms. | 88. Jouannetia (Pholadopsis) pectinata, Conr.,= Triomphalia pulcherrima, Sby. “ California” [no authority]; W. Columbia. 127. “ Pholas retifer, Morch, Mal. Blatt. vii. 177, Dec. 1860. One broken right valve. Hab. Real Llejos.” = Dactylina (Gitocentrum) Chiloénsis, Kine { teste Tryon ]. 112. The following Table contains a complete list of all the Molluses which have been identified, from Vancouver Island to 8. Diego, arranged so as to show at the same time their habitat, and the principal collectors who have obtained them. The species in the first column were obtained by Prof. Nuttall; in the second, by Col. Jewett. The third column (marked B A.) contains the species tabulated from other sources in the First Report. Those to the right of the double column are the fresh explorations recorded in this Supplementary Report. The fourth column contains the shells brought by the Pacific Railroad Expeditions, as well as the species sent to the officers of the Smithsonian Institution by the Rev. J. Rowell and their various corre- spondents. The fifth column (‘ Ken.’) contains the species of the American, and the sixth (‘ Lord’) of the British Nort Pacifie Boundary Survey. The seventh records the collections of Mr. Swan and his Indian children; the last, those of Dr. Cooper in the Californian Geological Survey. As a large proportion of the species are as yet unknown, and the diagnoses will be found scattered in various periodicals, some of which are rarely accessible in this country, it has been judged needful to add a few words of description, with references to well-known books. By this means the student will have before him a compact handbook of the fauna, and will distinguish at a glance the range of localities, and the amount of authority for each. For the full synonymy, the previous pages of the two Reports must be consulted. 121 636 REPORT—1863. Results of the Explorations in the Vancouver and Californian Province. 1864. (Omitting the doubtfully located and undetermined species.) The letters stand for the localities in which the shells were collected, as follows :— V. Vancouver Island, Straits of S.;} M. Neighbourhood of Monterey. Juan de Fuca, and adjoining | B. 3 Sta. Barbara. shores of Washington Territory, | D. The region between S. Diego and formerly known as ‘ Oregon.’ S. Pedro. P. Puget’s Sound and the neighbour- I. The islands: in the 4th column, hood. generally the Farallones; in the O. Oregon ; and the region on each side last, the Sta. Barbara group. i of the Columbia River. Hi. Species obtained from the backs of C. California; or the district north of Haliotids ; locality unknown; | the peninsula, generally. probably Lower California, L. Peninsula of Lower California. fr. Fragments only. F. Neighbourhood of 8S. Francisco. fos. Only found fossil. Nutt.| Jew. | B. A. | Smiths. Ins.} Ken. | Lord. Swan, Cooper. Defrancia intricata ...... eat wed tas —|—|— D Lo Mangula albida 2: » icivieeis os —|/—|/D| — —|—}|—| BD 2. Rhynconella psittacea ....) — | —}|— | — —| Vv — 3. Terebratula unguiculus....) — | —|— |) — —|Vi{Vy MD 4, Waldheimia pulvinata ....}— | — | P || — P| — — 5. Californica ........ S| Coal eterna ea | 6. GQIBAYI: - Seisies:ssassiere, Shee —/}—|— | — —| —|— i | 7. Terebratella Coreanica....)— |—]|— || — —|—|V — | 8. GAUTENG) Gans tn austasse oe Seer RPE ANNAN Piles, Wade ey ie, eek 9. Xylotrya pennatifera ....;—|—|—]| F —|;—|;Vi — 10. HMDIOtAS os .sos4-< cer: —}/—;}-—-] —- —; Vi— | — ! ' | Guide to the Diagnosis of the Vancouver and Californian Shells. | Class Potyzoa. Family Discoporide. | Defrancia intricata, Busk. Maz. Cat. no. 18. From Southern fauna The re- | maining species in this class have not yet been determined. : | Class PaLtioprancuratTa. Family Lingulide. 1. Lingula albida, Hds. Voy. Sulph.; Rve., Hanl., Davidson et auct. 20 fm. c. Cp. | | Family Rhynconellide. 2. Rhynconella psittacea, Linn. auct. EK. & W. Atlantic : cireumpolar. Family Terebratulide. | 3. Terebratulaunguculus,n.s. Like Terebratella caput serpentis in size, shape, and | sculpture ; but loop incomplete in adult, as in 7. vtrea. 6-20 fm. not x. Cp. | 4, Waldheimia pulvinata, Gld. E.E. Smooth, subglobular, ashy. 80 fm., living, Gp:, Cl. | 5. ? Waldheimia Californica, Koch, non auct. Colour ashy. Intermediate between } Coreanica and globosa, Lam., Rve. (which is Californica, auct. non Koch). 6. Waldhetmia Grayr, Davidson. _ Very transverse, reddish, deeply ribbed. 7. Terebratella Coreanica, Ad. & Rye. Voy. Samarang. Size of globosa; reddish. =mimata, Gld. Jun. ?=frontalis, Midd., Asia. 8. Terebratella cawina, Gld. E.E. Like dorsata; subtriangular, ashy, with strong or faint ribs. Class LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. Family Teredide. 9. Xylotrya pennatifera, Blainv. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1860, p. 126. 10. Xylotrya fimbriata, Jetty. in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1860, p. 126 ;=palmulata, Fbs. & Hanl., non Lam, Phil. 99 12 ele 1: sds 14. les 16. Te 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Do asGorbulaliteolarrmes sacs 25. 26. Dt, 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. P19: 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 637 Nutt.| Jew. | B. A. ||Smiths. Ins.| Ken. Tigra iSeer Cooper. Zirphea crispata ........ =| = Pholadidea penita ...... B| B OVOICER 4. ie .--.| — | D Netastoma Darwinii —|— Martesia intercalata ...... == Parapholas Californica....| B Saxicava pholadis........ _— Glycimeris generosa ...... — Mya truncata... 2.0.7. 025. — Platyodon cancellatus ....| B B = Cryptomya Californica Schizothzerus Nuttalli.... Darina declivis .......... Fetal eye | Seis es Spheenia ovoidea ........ Newra pectinata ........ os 4 [|| | eeertweol| sya! = Q | ae) [Porth eos ae tro ro Wh | td = Family Pholadide. Zirphea crispata, Linn. auct. KE. & W. Atlantic and circumpolar. Pholadidea penita, Cony. Hani. auct.=concamerata, Desh. Shape from elongate to ovoid ; umbonal reflexion closely adherent. Proladidea ovoidea, Gld. Otia. _Umbonal reflexion with anterior opening. Netastoma Darwinti, Shy. New subgenus: valves prolonged, like duck’s bill instead of cups. Surface with concentric frills. Quoted from “S. A.” Martesia intercalata, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 19. From Southern fauna. Parapholas Californica, Cony. Hanl. auct.=P. Janellii, Desh. Very large; with layers of thin, short cups. Family Saxicavide. Saxicava pholadis, Linn. auct.+var. arctica, Linn. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 23-+-var. gastrochenoidea, ovoid and gaping like Maz. Cat. no. 21+-var. legumen, Desh., elongate, cylindrical, scarcely gaping. Glycimeris generosa, Gld. H.E. Perhaps = Panopea Faujasti, 8. Wood, Crag Moll. : pipes ike Saxicava. Family Myade. Mya truncata, Linn. auct.= M. precisa, Gld. Atlantic: cireumpolar. Platyodon cancellatus, Cony. Hanl. Pipe-ends 4-valved. Low water: common. Sold in 8. Francisco market, Cp. Cryptomya Californica, Conr. Outside like young Mya; mantle-bend nearly obsolete. Subfamily Zutrarine. Schizotherus Nuttalli, Conr.+ Tresus maximus, Midd. Gray= TZ. canar, Gld. Shape from ovoid to elongate; very large and tumid ; beaks swollen ; hinge- sides channeled ; mantle-bend joined to ventral line. Darina declivis, n.s. Outside like Machera. Cartilage-pits produced, gaping. Family Corbulide. Corbula luteola, n. s. peak of young biradiata ; small, ashy yellow. Com. Cp. Sphenia oveidea,n.s. Siphonal area small; front excurved ; mantle-bend large. Neera pectinata, n.s. Principal ribs about 12; beak smooth. Like sedcuta, 40-60 fm. Cp, 123 eee 638 : REPoRT— 1863. 27 28, 29. 3Q, > {Phivacie’ curta ...... 6. «<4 - . Lyonsia Californica ...... Bie 38. oo. 40. 41. 42. bo “I 37. . Mytilimeria Nuttalli . Plectodon scaber ........ 37. [ | 1 >> ara Nutt. | Jew. |B. A. |Smiths. Ins.’ Ken. | Lord. Iwan Cooper. | | . Clidiophora punctata B Jxennerlia filosa.......... — bicarinata ......0% 0's: — Periploma argentaria ....| D B IS Vv Vv V elt eisin Entodesma saxicola. . intlatal. othe Wea C Solen sicariiS ......+.2- — b. V. TOSACEUS "Sh... one — Solecurtus Californianus ..| B swbsteres' | Sa. hek sno. B Machera patula ........ OB Sanguinolaria Nuttalli..../ D Psammobia rubroradiata ..) C | foeresiceer teat ta espace bake k-| peace alee| eee Clare isheka Pe bP Fo le Foote fh Foie) fen] | et (oho it a, La SUES Pa ke si eaiLe oO Family Pandoride. . Clidiophora punctata,n.g. (Type of genus= Pandora claviculata, P. Z.S. 1855, . 228.) Teeth 3, posterior long, with ossicle. Conr.sp.; like CZ. trilineata ) T one! } ’ but teeth more divergent ; inside strongly punctate. 8. Kennerlia filosa, n.s. New subgenus of Pandora with ossicle: outer layer ra- diately grooved. Shell beaked. . Kennerlia bicarinata, n.s. Not beaked; 2 post. keels in conyex valve. 40-60 fm.r. Cp. May prove=P. bilirata, Conv. Family Anatinide. _ Periploma argentaria, Cony. Hanl. Large, subquadrate. . Thrucia earta, Cony. Hanl. Strong, subovate. 2. Lyonsia Californica, Cony. Hanl.+bracteata+ nitida,Gld. Outline variable : often close to Atlantic J. Floridana: striated external layer fugacious. 3. Entodesma saxicola, Baird. Subgenus of Lyonsia: animal nestling, irregular. Close to E. cuneata, Ad. & Rve. Form protean: britcle, thick, lurid, with enormous ossicle. Var. cylindracea has the form of Saxicava pholadis. . Entodesma inflata, Cony.=diaphana, Cpr. P.Z.S. 1855, p. 228. From Southern fauna. Like picta, but pale, without pinch. . Mytilimeria Nuttalli, Cony. Hanl. ? Subgenus of Lyonsca: rounded, with spiral umbos. . Plectodon scaber, n. g.,n.s. Shape of Theora: dorsal margins twisted-in spirally inside umbos. Lateral teeth laminated, with internal cartilage hidden, ap- pressed. 2 1. valves, 40-60 fm. Cp. Family Solenide. Solen sicarius, Gld. Otia. Nearly straight, rather short, truncated, 376. Solen ? var. rosaceus, Straight, narrower, longer, smaller ; glossy, rosy. 38. 39, 49, 4l. 42, Family Solecurtide. Solecurtus Californianus, Cony. Hanl. May be a var. of the Peruvian ? Dombeyz. Yellowish ash, with ventral parallel grooves. A ?var. without grooves closely resembles gibbus. Soleeurtus subteres, Conr. Hanl. Small, compact, with violet rays. Machera patula, Dixon= 8S. marimus, Wood = grandis, Gmel. = Siliqua Nuttalli ? +lucida, Conr. (var. jun.) Asia. Family Tellinide. Sinquinolaria Nuttalli, Conr. Han).= Psammobia decora, H1s. Flat, rounded. Psammobia rubro-radiata, Nutt. Large: shape of vesperdiva: rayed with lilae. 124 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 659 t Nutt. | Jew. | B. A. ||Smiths. Tns.| Ken. | Lord. Swan: Cooper. | 43, Macoma secta ........4- Di) Dil Seam, Wyss Fale | 43 6. DeCCUIAS) (she e'e's sie Oo |—|— PO P|}—|— = 44. WAC OWAEH outs 's a slate'< —/|—|— -- —|—-—|— D 45. yoldiformis ........ hb | pose P|—|V D 46. BASU bays «) .-cMabacclessatdtes @D,)--D- OCF VBOR Bs ve) Vi MD 47. inquinata ........5.. —}—}O0O O P|—|V F 47d. SOUCHEUIA'..03.,chershicte« —;—-—-|—-—}] — —|—|V — 48. Us POX PANSA wisie's'e slo als « =| — _— P |—|— — 49. INEOUSPICUAs. 21s fas Oo };—/!— OF Bl pavea hiv FM 50. Angulus modestus ...... — | — | — — P}|—|]— — 506. Obtusus\... 4... —|—|— D P|—|V D 51. Vale cau semper tetetel —}—|}—] — —|—|V MI 52. hora hang) eyes ect sysstens —|—|— DL —|—|— D 53. Mera salmonea ....| — |—|— |} F —|—|V M 54. Tellina Bodegensis ...... — |—/}|OF O —|—|V D 55. Arcopagia lamellata..) — | — | — — —/|—|— D 56, C&dalia subdiaphana...... —|-|— —|—|— — 57. Cooperella scintilleeformis .. — | — | — — —|—|-- DI oe-. Lutricola alba, ...... 0... B;}/B;}Cy; — —|—}— Dis 43. Macoma secta,Conr. Hanl. Large,flat,rounded, glossy; winged behind ligament. 436. Macoma var. edulis, Nutt. Northern form, less transverse; texture dull. 44. Macoma indentata,n.s. Like secta, jun., but beaked, indented, and ventrally produced. 45. Macoma yoldiformis,n.s. Small, white, glossy, very transverse ; ligament-area scooped-out. 46. Macoma nasuta, Conr. auct.+tersa, Gld. Large, beaked, twisted; mantie- bend touching opposite scar in one valve. From Kamtschatka to S. Diego. Cape Lady Franklin, 76°, Belcher, 1826. 3 ft., mud, between tide-marks, Lord. 47. Macoma inquinata, Desh. P. Z. 8.1854, p. 357. Like degraded nasuta; mantle- bend a little separated from scar in both valves. 47 b. Macoma ?edentula, Brod. & Sby. jun. ; or an abnormal var. of inquinata. 48. Macoma ?var. expansa. Scars like lata and calcarea in Mus. Cum., but teeth not bitid, very thin, glossy. Scarcely differs from data, Desh. in B. M. Greenland. 49. Macoma inconspicua, Br. & Sby.= Sang. Californiana, Conr. Probably =“ Fa- bricti= fragilis, Faby.” in Mus. Cum. Like thin, flat solidwa: pink; var. large, white. 8-15 fm. Lyall. 50. Angulus modestus, n.s. (Subg. of Tellina.) Like tener, Say; but with callus between mantle-bend and scar. White. 59b. Angulus ?var. obtusus. Inside like modestus; but beaks obtuse. 51. Angulus variegatus, n.s. Shape of obtusus: no callus; rayed with pink and yellow. 20-60 fm. r. Cp. 52. AngulusGouldii, Hanl. MS. in Mus. Cum. Small, white; ant. ventr. side swollen. 53, Mera salmonea, n.s. (Scarcely differs from Angudlus.) Small, subquadrate, glossy, salmon-tinted. Beach-20 fm. Cp. 54. Tellina Bodegensis, Hinds, Voy. Sulph. Large, strong, transverse, with con- centric grooves. 55. Arcopagia lamellata, Maz. Cat. no. 58. One fine pair in shell washings. 56. Gidalia subdiaphana, n.g.,n.s. Thin, swollen, shape of Kellia, ligament sur- apundiaig beaks: hinge with 5 bifid teeth (3-2); no laterals; large mantle- end. 57. Cooperella scintilleformis, n. s. New subgenus of Cidalia, Cartilage semi- internal: only 1 tooth bifid. 58. Lutricola alta, Conr. (Tellina). For this group (= Capsa, “Bose,” Add. non Lam.), scarcely agreeing with either Macoma or Scrobicularia, Blainville’s 125 640 REPORT—1863. Jew. iB. A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cocper. | | Nutt. 59. Semele decisa .......... TUNPUULIMS tate 0 vo.sci ce ees ie ate Rivets levee PULCHTA”. or ws o 0:00.06 : INCONETUA .-...6 store 64. Cumingia Californica ... 65. Donax Californicus ...... HIOXUOSUS | sey erene jeter Maviculay Jo acias sane GS. Heterodonax bimaculatus 69. Standella Californica MASUR A iec se ci ates planulata. . cscs ss. faleatan=.. we Richeretete 72. Racta undulata. 4 sc.t 3. Clementia subdiaphana 4, Amiantis callosa ........ 5. Pachydesma crassatelloides} BD 6. Psephis.tantilla 222% cscs: — See] HS Vileeseie lee eS fe cts V fr. Bt | eee] aces | | elie rll ll lateel Slisltt eet lle Wiel leslie este i leslte lal Vv = V fr. ae Boe! | -|-|- elm kSdtepeics raeieme ores Wel hele Wee ledleslael sie Joolerlallilalllitel On Se Sees] SeSeiee | synonymic name may be revived in restricted sense. Species=brangulata, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 230. 59. Semele decisa, Cony. auct. Large, rough, like Peruvian corrugata, but truncated. GO, Semele rupium, Sby. Smaller, rough, swollen; with smaller mantle-bend. Galapagos. Not r. Cp. 61. Semele rubroiineata, (? Conr.). Flattened, same shape, with faint sculpture each way, and pink rays. {Conrad’s lost shell may be young decisa. | 62. Semele pulchra, Sby. Transverse, crowded concentric sculpture, with radiating lines at sides. Southern fauna. 63. Semele incongrua, n.s. Like pulchra, with concentric sculpture differing in r and 1. valves: fine radiating striz all over. 40-60 fm. c. Cp. 64. Cumingia Californica, Cony. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 44. 65. Donax Californicus, Cony. (non Desh.) =obesus, Gld. (non Desh.). Smooth, stumpy: outline and colour variable. 66. Donax flecuosus, Gld. Like punctostriata jun. with stronger keel, and no punctures. 67. Donax navicula, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 77. From Southern fauna. 68. Hetervdonax bimaculatus. Broad var., generally violet,= Psammobia Pacifica, Conr.= Tellina vicina, C. B. Ad. Cape St. Lucas, Acapulco, W. Indies. Family Mactride. 69. Standella Californica, Cony. (non Desh.). Large, shaped like Schiz. Nuttalli, but beaks narrow. Mantle-bend separate from ventral line. 69 b. Standella ? var. nasuta, Gld. (suppressed). Revived for young shells between Californica and planulata, till more is known. 70, Standella planuata,Conr. Nearly as large ; shape approaching Mactrella exoleta, 71. Standella falcata, Gld. Otia. Shape like planulata, but flatter. 72. Raéta undulata, Gld. Otia. Like the Atlantic R. canaliculata, but reversed, Rare at S. Pedro, Cp. ' Family Veneride. 73. ?Clementia subdiaphana, n.s. Hinge normal, very thin, ashy. 74, Amiantis callosa, Cony. (not auct.). Subgenus of Callista: hinge-plate rough- ened as in Mercenaria: mantle-bend as in Dosinia. L. w. com. Cp. - 76. Pachydesma crassatelloides, Conr. auct. Subgenus of Trigona, with fewer teeth : jun. = stultorum, Gray. 76. Psephis tantilla, Gld. Otia. Subgenus of Venus: animal ovoviviparous. Teeth elongate, approaching Pachydesma. Small,with purple spot. 12-20tm.c. Cp, 126 | | ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 641 Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. | Smiths. Ins Ken. | Lord. Swan.| Cooper. 77. Psephis Lordi ..........| — | — | — — Faia la Vi I ii salmonea ..eeeeee.-| — | — | — — —— |i | DI 7£ tellimyalis ........]| — | — | — I —|—|— — 80. Venus Kennerleyi........] — | — | — — P|;—|V — MPO HIONS SUCCINCLS. .6o0600-| OD | D |, C — —|}—|— D 82. —— excavata ......-...| D | — | — — Ste ell aa 83. ANIA 5 clsre secre aly Leal C L —|—/]— D 84. fluctifraga.........-| D | D| C D —}—}|— D 85. Tapes tenerrima ........|— | B | F F —|—|V D 86. Naeintabay lelete shee ees-| —]|—] M D —|—|— D 87., SEAMING yh ptesarslevcis's DE|/| Puls k FD —|— FD 87 6. VOTE UUbA Tee elere) get —}—j|C | VPOM| P| V)|V FM 87. var. ruderata ......| — | —|— ||. — —j;—|V = 88. Saxidomus aratus........} — | — | — F —|—|— FD 89. Nuthin 3e pt. 6 2-si0 Dy) Da C — —|—|— FD 90 SQUBLGNIS >. sa:-1'e-s:clele's == Et Ol VPOE PR alioWis| avi — 91 brevisiphonatus ....) — | — | — — —|Vi— — 92. Rupellaria lamellifera ....] D | M | C D —/|—|— M 93. Petricola carditoides ....}] BD |MB]| C F P|—|V M 94, Chama exogyra..... serere<( Dep CO LH | —/]—|]— D 95 pellrerd ae es <0» late Ba Bal. MD |—/]}—!—J| FMD 77. Psephis Lordi, Baird, P. Z.S. 1863. Teeth normal: pure white. 20-40 fm. e. Cp. 81. 82. 83. St. 85. 86. . Tapes staminea, Cony. Strong, shape of decussatu; sculpture close ; yellowish. 88. 89. 90. 91. . Psephis salmonea, n.s. Very small, rounded, teeth elongate: salmon-coloured, 30-40 fm. r. Cp. . Psephis tellimyalis, n.s. Shape of Tellimya: central tooth minute; outside 89. teeth long. Venus Kennerleyi, Rve. Large, transverse, flattened, ashy: strong cone. ribs. Young like astartea, Midd. (not fluctuata, Gld.). Chione succincta, Val.= Californiensis, Brod. = Nuttalli, Conr. Cone. ribs smooth. Chione excavata, Cpr. P.Z.S, 1856, p. 216. Scarcely differs from cancellaia, Possibly exotic. 5 Chione simillima, Sby. Finely sculptured each way. Chione fluctifraga, Sbhy.+-callosa, Sby. Like Stutchburyi: swollen, irregular. Tapes tenerrima, Cpr. P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 200, (jun.)= V. rigida, Gld. pars, f. 538, Very large, thin, flat; long pointed sinus. Tapes lacinata, n.s. Large, swollen, brittle, ashen; sculpture pectinated. Var. diversa, Sby.=mundulus, Rve. More swollen, clouded with chocolate. Var. Petitii, Desh.=rigida, Gld. pars. Dead white, sculpture strong or faint, open or close. 2 ft. deep in mud, between tides, Lord. Var. tumida, Sby. Very swollen. Var. orbella, rounded, globose. Var. ruderata, Desh. Con- centric sculpture laminated. Saridomus aratus, Gld. Otia. Very large, oval, with regular concentric ridges. Saxidomus Nuttall, Cony. auct. Transverse, subquadrate, irregularly grooved. Sarxidomus squalidus, Desh. Large, variable outline, broader, scarcely sculp- tured. Saridomus brevisiphonatus, n.s. Smaller, Callista-shaped ; close, faint concen- tric lines over distant waves; mantle-bend very small. Family Petricolide. . Rupellaria lamellifera, Cony.= Cordieri, Desh. With large concentric lamina. No radiations. . Petricola carditodes, Conr.+ Californica, Conr.+-cylindracea, Desh. --arcuata, Desh.+gzbba, Midd. Of various aspects, like Saricava. Normally shaped like Cypricardia, with fine sculpture like Naranio. Family Chamide. ‘te Chama exogyra, Conr. Reversed ; texture opaque; rudely frilled. 05. Chama pellucida, Sby. Dextral, texture pozcellanous, rosy ; closely frilled. S.A, 1863, 127 642 RePorT—1863. | LNutt. Jew.| B.A. } ‘Smiths, Ins.| Ken. Lor .|Swan. [seco Cooper | or S| | t | . 1 46,(Cbama Spinosa wi... 2.00 —|-—|-— — —|—!|—| Pv | | 97, Cardium corbis........ . |OB} — |} OC} VPOF | P| V | V 1 W8. quadragenarium ....| B | — | — D —|}—/|-— D 99, var. blandum ...... |—|—|P — PV Ov oe 100, var. centifilosum ....| —|— |] — ||) — —|—|] — I 101. Hemicardium biangulatum| — | — | — — —|;—|—]| I 162. Serripes Greenlandicus....| — | — | — _ Pj—;—! — 103. Liocardiwn elatum ......) — | — | — — —/—;—! D 104, —— substriatum ..... Sool ates © —~ —|— |} — D 105. Astarte compacta........ —}—|— — P|—|— a 1086, Esquimalti ........| — | — | — _ —|Vji— os 107. —— fluctuata .......... —= | — | — —_ —}—|/— if | 18. Miodon prolongatus......| — | — | — — —;—|V Re 169. Venericardia borealis ..../ — | — | — — —|Vj|— I 109 b, var. ventricosa ....| — |B fs.) P — P}|—}— I 110, Lazaria subquadrata...... —|Bi— Hf —{—]| Vj} MDI 1 -ucinas Ngaio... a. D|—|]— — —|/—|— b 112. —— Californica ........ D|B}]— D —|}—|— I | 118. Delle rapis.. ats sie e cite D|—|— _ —|—}|— — 114. tenuisculpta........ —|—/;— — P}—{|— DI 96. Chama spinosa, Sby. Ridges broken into close short spines. Maz. Cat. no. 122. Family Cardiade. 97. Cardium corbis, Mart.=Nuttalli+ Californianum, Cony. Large, earthen, rather nodulous; posterior margin strongly indented by 2 first ribs. Asia. 8-15 fm. Lyall. Jun. in stomach of starfish, 12 fm. Lord. 98. Cardium quadragenarium, Conr.=luteolabrum (=xanthocheilum), Gld. Very large; 40 ribs, with aculeate spines. 99. Cardium vav. blandum, Gld. Otia. Delicate form of the Asiatic psexdofossile, tve.= Californiense, Desh. ‘Transverse; close, flat ribs; margin regular. 8-15 fm. Lyall. 100. Cardium var. centifilosum. Probably=modestum, Ad. & Rye. ; but rounder, ribs sharper and more distant. Belongs to subg. Fudvia, Gray. 30-40 fm. CG; pe. 101. Hemicardium biimgulatum, Sby. Southern fauna. 10-20 fin. living. Cp. 102. Serripes Granlandicus, Chem. auct. Boreal. Rounder than S. Laper ousit. 103. Liocardium elatum, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 124. Gulf fauna. Very large, Cp. 104. Liocardium substriatum, Conr.=cruentatum, Gld. Almost identical with the Peruvian Elenense. Family Astartide. 105, Astarte compacta, n.s. Like compressa, but closer; dorsal margins straight, at right angles. ; 106, Astarte E squimalti, Baird, P. Z.S. 1863, p. 70. Subtrigonal; ribs irregular. 107. ? Astarte fluctuata, n. s. Ver 'y close to Omalii, j jun. of Coralline Crag. 2 right v. 30-40 fm. Cp. 108. Miodlon prolongatus, n. g.,n.s. Outside Lucinoid; hinge and scars nearer to oe wardia. Congeneriewith A starte orbicularis, J. Sby. Min. Conch. pl. 444. 2, 3 (non ejusdem, , pl. 520. f. 2). G. Oolite; and with the Crag Cardita corbis. 109. Ve enericardia bor ealis, Cony. N. Atlantic, from Miocene. 120 fm. Cat. Is. Cp. 1096. Venericardia vay. ventricosa, Gld. Small, swollen. 30-40 fm. Cp. 110. Lazaria subquadrata, n.s. Hinge of Lazaria: outside like Cardita variegata, Jun. Family Lueinde. 111. Lucina Nuttall, Conr. Hanl. Like muricata, with more delicate sculpture. 112. Lueina Californica, Conr. Dosinoid, with waved lunule. Jun. ? = LZ. Artemidis, P.Z.S. 1856, p. 201. 113. Lucina bella, Conv. ee not known; may be =pectinata, Maz. Cat. no. 142, Lid. Lucina tennisculpte, n. Like Maxatlanica, Cat. no. 144, more convex, with finer sculpture. 4 fin, living, Cp. The island var. is intermediate. 120 fm, dead, Cp. 128 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 643 | Nutt.| Jew. | B. A. |[Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord. Swan. Cooper. 115. Liveina borealis ........ _ 116. Cryptodon flexuosus ....] — a7. SETTICAGUS, «=» «ie stele _ 118. Diplodonta orbella ...... B 119. Kellia Laperousii ...... ae 1198. var. Chironii | 120. POUMNOURLA |.) are che ci — 121. oo fe? asea rubra 2... os vets « — 123. Pythina rugifera........ — 124. Lepton meroeum ...... — 125. Tellimya tumida........ _ MD C — — ~~ e | 126. Pristes oblongus........ 127. Mytilus Californianus... . 128, —— edulis ............ 128 6. —— var. glomeratus .. 129. Septifer bifurcatus ...... ?C 130. Modiola capax ........ B 131. modiolus....s.....| — 132. 133. PFC PC FH VH M Fe S| 2SS | sheep] Sly] (els tel eel leet lee || bi sce — Ci M Pa ala = 998. Trachydermon retiporosus| — | — | — _ Pe Pa _ 229: interstinctus ......|— | -- | P — —|—|— —_— 230. —— trifidus eee a peo — P|—|— —_ 231. Wentiensy eta sick ese a no ie — —|—|— — 231 6. pseudodentiens ..) — | — | — od P| Vji= D 932. Gothicus.....- ceeel — |S | — _ —|}—|— it 238. Hartweoit <.. 66%) a} =r C F —|—|— — 234. Nuttallituesce. ceest Miah—=| © M a nea I 235. Hecteusi tte antic |—|—|— M P|Vi|j— D 2 22 20. — 224. 2205. 226. 227. 228. 229. 23 231. 2516 232. 233. 204. 255. . Acanthopleura fluca, n. 8. . Isehnochiton veredentiens, 0. 8. . Trachydermon trifidus, n. 8. Insertion-plates resemble Valves with coarse V-shaped ribs, and projecting beaks. Green, mottled with orange-red ; not beaked ; with only marginal and diagonal ribs. Acanthopleura scabra, ve. = Californicus, Nutt. Katherina. . Ischnochiton Magdalensis. ds. Large, strong-valved, typical. Sculpture much fainter than in southern shells. Mantle-margin with striated scales like flattened bristles. Side plates 2- or 3-lobed. Beach-20 fm. Cp. Margin similar. Small, arched, sculptured like Mertensii, but with 2 rows of bosses, one of which dentates the sutures. 10-20 fm. Cp. ‘ Lepidopleurus regularis, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 232. Subgenus of Ischnochiton : mantle-scales Lophyroid, generally striated. Sp. arched, green, shagreened, Side lobes 2-4: eaves spongy, not projecting. Lepidopleurus scabricostatus, 0. 8. Small, arched, orange : granules over shagreened surface. eaves. 8-20 fm. Cp. Lepidopleurus pectinatus, n. 8. Olive: strong sculpture over shagreened surface: side areas ribbed: outer margin and inner sutures pectinated. Beh. Cp. Lepidopleurus Mertensii, Madd. Red: highly sculptured over smooth surface : side areas with rows of bosses. Mantle-scales smooth, rounded. Trachydermon retiporosus, 1. 8. Subgenus of Ischnochiton : mantle-scales very small, close, smooth. Sp. like serobiewlatus, central pattern in network, 3-6 side ribs. Trachydermon interstinctus, Gld. E.E. Centre minutely punctured : 6-8 blunt side ribs. rows of prominent Lobes blunt, slightly rugulose, close to Centre-punctures few, deep: 2-4 blunt ribs: side plates with 2 slits. [ Trachydermon dentiens, Gld. E.E. No shell known answering to diagnosis and figure.] The 4 following species have incisors blunt, eaves not projecting. . Trachydermon pseudodenticns=type specimen of dentiens. False appearance of teeth due to colour or ridges of growth. Closely granular : areas indistinct. Sinus broad, squared : eaves spongy. Trachydermon Gothicus, n.s. Blunt parallel riblets along very arched back. Situral lobes united at sinus: eaves not spongy. 8-20 fm. Cp. Trachydermon Hartwegit, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 231. Large, arched. Inside callous, without rows of punctures to slits: eaves spongy. Trachydermon Nuttallii, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p.231. Large, plain, flat. Incisors slightly rugulose : eaves spongy. Trachydermon flectens, 0. 8. Mantle-margin scarcely granular. Rosy, very small, scarcely sculptured: valves beaked and waved as in MM. Simpson: eaves and incisors normal. 135 G50 REPORT—18C3. ‘ Nutt. Jew. | B. A. |Smiths. Ins, Ken. | LordiSwant 236. Leptochiton nexus ...... —}—}]— — —}—}]— I 237. Acanthochites avicula —|—|— —_ —)}—]}— I 238. Nacella instabilis........| — | — | P — —|/ViV — 239. INGOSSA A oi. o'sis-0.@ foe —/!B}D D ll MD 240. subspiralis ........| — | — | — — Saal | Gaal isos I 241, depicta. ......eeen+| — 7 | D — —}—|— D ‘249, Paleaces >... cits oe eee —_ =e |e pon 242 b. var. triangularis ..| — | — | — |} — —|—-—|— M 243. Acmea patina ..... weveep CUleGeC | VEM | Pave even 244, peltar scl oan, wae Ca CORE. 42 VM P| Vain ENS 244 6. var. Asmi.....e3:| — |-B | — | I =a |e ge M 245, persona ...... sernt One eC. aa -V I P| Vij2¥o\ EBDI ?46. RCabTasesyctateic oot 1D) Ope (Oi 0 ON Glo Re ss || a DIT 247. Spectrum js 6.54. «21s D|C}C i} FDH |—}|—j}—} MBD 248, POSACEN jer eieic ook = ees ee oe —— MD 249. Lottia gigantea ........ | espa am VT | |e een RS) 200; ‘Scurriasmitray ..e50. ces MC a seCrit VE, Pi Veale MI 250 6. Pvar. funiculata 3) — | — | — — —}—|/— M 236. Leptochiton nevus, n.s. Like asellus: scarcely sculptured : mantle-margin with striated chaffy scales, like J/agdalensis, interspersed with transparent needles, 20-80 fm. Cp. 237. Acanthochites avicula,n.s. Like arragonites, but valves sculptured in large snake-skin pattern. 8-20 fm. r. Cp. Family Patellide. 238. Nacella instabilis, Gid. EE. Large: shape of compressa. 239, Nacella incessa, Hds. Sulphur. Small: Ancyloid. 240. PNacella subspiralis, n.s. Shaped like Emarginula rosea, and may be a Scutele hina. 10-20 fm. Cp. 241. Nacella depicta, Hds. Sulphur. Small, long, flat, smooth: colour in rays. 242. Nacella paleacea, Gld. Otia. Narrower, brown, striated at each end. 242 b, Nacella ? var. triangularis. Shorter: apex raised: scarcely striated : whitish, with brown spots. Family Acmeide. (For synonyms, v. Reports in locis.) 243. Acmea patina, Esch. Large, blackish or tessellated: with very fine distant strie. Between tides, Lord. 244, Acmea pelta, Esch, Move conical; border narrow; smooth, with blunt ribs often obsolete. Between tides, Lord. 244b. Acmea Pyar. Asm, Midd. Stout, small, black, conical. Probably an ab- normal growth of pelta, jun. (1 sp. beginning on pelta) Cp. 245. Acmea persona, Esch. Smaller: apex posterior: colour blotched or treckled : sculpture in irregular ribs. Maz. Cat. no. 266. Var. umbonata, arched, with narrow distant ribs. Var. digitalis, apex near margin. Var. textilis, apex far from margin, approaching pelta. 246, Acmea scabra, Nutt. Rve. Outside with close rows of fine granules : orange- red tint, glossy. Var. limatwa, sculpture stronger, border black: perhaps= Maz. Cat. no. 265. 247. Acmea spectrum, Nutt. Rve. Flattened, with very strong ribs, irregular. 248, Acmea (? pileolus, Midd. var.) rosacea. Pink, small: like Herm specimens of virgined. 249. Lottia gigantea, Gray. Genus reconstituted: mantle with papille interrupted in front. Shell large, flat, dark, lustrous (= Tecturella grandis, Smiths. Inst. Check List). 250. Scurria mitra, Esch. Papillz all round the mantle. White, conical: young sometimes faintly sculptured. In dead clam, 12 fm. Lord. 250 6. Scwrria ? var. funiculuta, With rounded riblets, some waat aodulous, 156 24 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. Gal EEE ee eee Natt. Jew. |B. A. ||Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord.'Swan.| Cooper. 251. Lepeta ceecoides.. ..... —|—|— _ Py | — po eGadinia (Axvowellia)) |. 22% |)— | —" || — I Slims tem I 253. Fissurella voleano ...... NS Barca I Sean | aes PV DI 254, Glyphis aspera.......... — |} OC P —|V{V Wicae 255. densiclathrata ....|?B | B |} C — nicl MF 256. Lucapina crenulata...... 1 ee C — |—}| — D 257. Puncturella cucullata....| — | — | P a sles M 258 eAIOHCAL fhs.4 to, oe euane —|—|P — P|—|V -— 259 @ooperi + S5oh teen —)| —| — — —|—|—- 3 260. Haliotis Cracherodii ....)| D | C | C || FDIL | — |] —)|]— MI 261 Splendens.");.05.a-. 1D) GF Ne Di Ne Q2. COMUCALAS «6 ons ss « —|—|C D —|—|— [ 263. THUS oacadonoor —5'| (|) © D tn | M | 264. Kamtschatkana ..../ — | — | C FI == | == || WY DI 265. Phasianella compta...... ee Dee D —|—j|—! MDI 266. Pomaulax undosus......| M | C |] C L — | — | — DI 267. Pachypoma gibberosum. .}| — | — | — M —|—/V MB 251. Lepeta cecoides, ?n.s. Like c@ca, but apex turned back. Farallone I+, + 253. 254. O50: 256. 257. 258. 259, teste R. D. Darbishire. Family Gadiniade. 2. Rowellia, sp. Genus proposed by Cooper: tentacles flattened, pectinated. Cat, Is. Cp. Far. Is. Row. Family Fissurelliide. Fissurella volcano, Rve.=ornata, Nutt. Approaches Peruviana: hole variable. Glyphis aspera, Esch.=Lincolni, Gray=cratitia, Gld. Large, coarsely sculp- tured, with colour-rays. Glyphis densiclathrata, Rye. Smaller: with closer, finer sculpture. Lucapina crenulata, Sby. Tank., Very large : internal. Puncturella cucullata, Gld. E.E. Large, with strong, variable ribs, 15-40. Hole simple. Puncturella galeata, Gid. E.E. Scarcely differs from noachina, but tripartite process more strongly marked. Puncturella Coopert, n.s. Outside like galeata, but without props to the lamina, 30-120 fm, not r. Cp. Family Halhotide. . Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach, auct. The trade species, smooth, dark olive: holes 5-9. Var. Californiensis, holes 9, 10, 11. . Haliotis splendens, Rve. Flatter, grooved, lustrous. Holes 4-7. Below tide: on rocks, Cp. . Haliotis corrugata, Gray. Large, arched, very rough. Holes 3-5. Below tide: on rocks, Cp. 263. Hualiotis rufescens, Swains. Large, flatter, waved, rich orange-red. Holes 265. 266. 267. 3-5. Below tide: on rocks, Cp. . Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. Small, thin, arched, waved. Holes 4, 6, Below tide: on rocks, Far. ls. Cp. Family Trochide. Phasianella compta, Gld. Otia. Maz. Cat. no. 284. Like pudlus, a little longer and flatter; but operc. bevelled and striated. F Var. prilowv:, exactly like Herm shells: ? var. e/atior, dwarfed, longer and fiatter : var. punetuata, with close rows of dots; pillar chinked. 8-20 fm. Cp. Pomauiax undosus, Wood. Very large: operculum with 2 ridges. Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem. P=inequale, Mart. Large, rough: opere. swollen, simple. (Dead.) 137 —_—— ee SS * 652 REPORT—1863. | Nutt.! Jew. | B. A.) Smiths. Ins.) Ken. | Lord./Swan.| Cooper. 268. ? Imperator serratus ....| — | — | — — —}—}]— MI 269, Leptonyx sanguineus ....| — | M | — || OFMI | —|—|V MI 270 baeuwla. i... o< eoeee| — J] —l|— — —|—|— I (1. Liotia fenestrata........| — |: — | — — —|—|]— I Dif acuticostata ...... —|—|}— — —|—/ — MI 273. Ethalia supravallata ....) — | — | — — —|—)|]}— D 273 6. var. invallata ....| — — — —}—)|] — D 274.’ Livona picoides ........ —|B}]— _ —;—}|— — 975. Trochiscus Norrisii......| M | B | C — —|—|/|— DI 276. GONVEXUS!:..).sae eecreke — | M | — — —|—}]— — 277. Chlorostoma funebrale ..| M | C | C FI —|—|V MD 2776. var. subapertum....} — | — | — — —/|/—|VvV oa 278. callimay 2 eretee set ..-| —}|—] D L —|—|— DI 279. brumneum .......:> — |—]|C' | FMDI | —/| —|— M 280; ——.Pieitert tae)... Ser alo ee, — —|—|]— D 281. aureotinctum ...... CAs ee L —|—}|— I 282. Omphalius fuseescens....| B | M | C D —}|—}|— DI 283. Calllostoma canaliculatum| M | C | C M —|—!V M 284. costatum ..... ee eleven VPM P|) Vsievi os 285. annulatum\ ...% 0. «| Mi i —«}' 1C M —|VivVv — 286. variegatum ......-..| — | — | — — P|} —|]— ae 268. ? Imperator serratus, n.s. Small, finely sculptured, base stellate, nucleus Plan- orboid : opere. flat, with more whirls. 10-20 fm.=266 or 267 jun. teste Cp. 269. Leptonyx sanguineus, Linn. n.g. Like Collonza, not umbilicate. Opere. with horny and shelly layers, many whirls, outside flattish, not ribbed, margin broad. Species red or purple, lirate. Beh.-20 fm. Cp. 270. Leptonyx bacula, n.s. Small, ashy, Helicina-shaped, nearly smooth. Bch. d. Cp. Genus= Homalopoma, p. 537: nom. preoe. 271. Liotia fenestrata, n.s. Small. Strongly ribbed each way. Bceh.—40 fm. d. Cp. 272. Liotia acuticostata, n.s. Small. Sharply keeled, without radiating sculpture. 10-20 fm. Cp. 273. Ethalia supravallata. n.s. Minute: with keel and furrow near suture. 2736. Ethalia ? var. invallata. Without keel. 274. Livona picoides, Gld. Otia. Probably the remnant of an ancient colony of pica. 275. Trochiscus Norrisu, Sby. Tank. Nucleus as in Solarium: perhaps a Probosci- difer, though pearly. 276. Trochiscus converus, n.s. Small, subturrited, whirls swollen: umbilicus with 2 ribs, the outer crenated. 277. Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad. P.Z. 8. 1854, p. 316=marginatum, Nutt. non Rve. Blackish, often puckered near suture. 277 b. Chlorostoma funebrale, var. subapertum, with umbilical pit. 278. Chlorostoma gallina, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 271. Olive, dashed with purple. Var. pyriformis, Gld., umbilicus partly or wholly open. 279. Chlorostoma brunneum, Phil. Auburn: finely striate: Gibbuloid aspect. The young (teste Cp.) has a basal rib. 280. Chlorostoma Pfeiffer, Phil. Like brunneum: outside Ziziphinoid: umbilicus keeled. 281. Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Fbs. P. Z. 8. 1850, p. 271=nigerrimum, Gmel. ? Mus. Cum. Gibbuloid: with distant grooves and fine sculpture ; mouth orange- spotted. 82. GPs nieshiscaiens, Phil. Almost identical with hgulatus, Maz. Cat. no. 293, 83. Calliostoma canaliculatum, Mart.=doharium. Large, with strong grooves. 4. Calliostoma costatum, Mart.=filosum, &e. Smaller, swollen, reddish; finely yibbed. 8-15 fm. Lyall. 285. Calliostoma annulatum, Mart.=virgineum. Large, granular, stained with violet. 286. Calliostoma variegatum, n. 8. Sreall, more conical, nodules more distant, white on rosy ground, 138 Tae Jew. (B. A. |/Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord.| Swan. Cooper. 287. Calliostoma supragranosum| — | — | — —_ nt oe D 238. gemmulatum ...... —|-—|— — al ees D 289. splendens; . soi... See eae _— —|{—|—] MI 290. Phorcus pulligo ........| -— | — | M — —|Viv M 291. Gibbula parcipicta ...... —!|—|— FI —|—|V I 292. Optabilis |... akiee —|—|— — —|—|— D 293. —— funiculata ..... eee | — | — J] — — —|—|V — 294. SUCCINCEA Pe aor —|/—|—| FIA |—|—| V i 295. PACU TA 2, se rcveuas oe —/|}—|— _ —|;—|V — 206. Solariella peramabilis....| — | — | — — —|— I 297. Margarita cidaris ...... —!|—|— _— —|/—|V — 298. PUD asa ks scare se —|—|P VOI Pole Viple Ve — 298 b. vr. salmonea ....| — | — | — — —|—|— MI 299. —— acuticostata ...... — |Bfs.| — — —|j-—-j|]— MI 300. —— inflata ............ —j|--|— o Paavaahes — 301. ——lirulata ...... woe f — | HJ] — —_ Poh loV; — 302. ——PVahlii .......... —|—|;— — P|—|]— — 303. tenuisculpta ......) — | — | — _— P|}—,V — 304. elweinatyy vatekeey « —|—|— — —;—|V — 287. Calliostoma supragranosum, u.8. Swollen, with sharp ribs; posterior 1-4 eranular. 288. Cailiostoma gemmadatum, n.s. Very swollen: painted like exrimium: with 2 principal and 2 smaller rows of granules. 289. Calliostoma splendens, n.s. Orange-chestnut, with fleshy nacre ; small, rather flattened, base glossy. 6-40 fm. Cp. 290. Phorcus pulligo, Mart.4+-maculosus, A. Ad. =euryomphalus, Jonas+marcidus, Gld. Subgenus of Grbbulz, with expanded, rounded umbilicus, and flat whirls ; sometimes obsoletely ribbed. 291. Gibbula parcipicta, n.s. Like strong growth of Marg. lirulata, vay. 292. Gibbula optabilis, n.s, Wider: decussated between ribs: 2 spiral lines inside umbilicus. 293. Gibbula funiculata, n.s. Shaped like Montagu: with rounded spiral riblets. 294. Grbbulw succincta, n.s. Small, scarcely sculptured, with spiral brown pen- eillings. 295. Gibbula lacunata, n.s. Very small, nearly smooth ; umbilicus hemmed-in by swelling of columella. 296. Solariella peramabilis,n.s. Subgenus of Margarita, with open, crenated um- bilicus. Species most ornate, with delicate sculpture. Umbilicus with 3 internal spiral lines, crossed by lirul: operculum sculptured. Like Minolia aspecta, A. Ad. 40-120 fm. living, Cp. 297. Margarita cidaris, A. Ad. n.s, Large, knobby, like thin Turcica, with simpie pillar and small umbilicus. 298. Margarita pupilla, Gid. K.E.=calostoma, A. Ad. Strong, with sharp ribs, de- cussated between, and feshy nacre. 8-15 fm. Lyall. 298 6. Margarita ? vay. salmonea. Between pupilla and undulata: salmon-tin:ed, sculpture fine, not decussated : sutures not waved. 6-40 fm. Cp. 299, Margarita acuticostata, n.8. Small, painting clouded: 3 sharp ribs on spire. 8-20 fm. Cp. 800. Margarita inflata, n.s. Thin, whirls very swollen; sculpture very fine; spiral hollow inside keeled umbilicus. 801. Margarita lirulata, n.s. Small: opere. smooth: 2 sharp principal riblets on spire: outline variable. Var. subelevata, raised, livid: var. obsoleta, sculp- ture evanescent : P var. conica, very tall, with intercalary ribs, like G. parce prcta. 302. Margarita Vahli, Moll. Raised, smooth: opere. with spiral rib, 303. Margarita tenuisculpta, ?n. s. Like obsoleta, but opere. ribbed. 304. Margarita heliciva, Mont. Like the Finmark shells, Circumborcal, 139 6h4 report—1863. Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. Smiths. Tage Ken. | Lor¢c.|Swan.| Cooper. 305. Crucibulum spimosum....| M | B {| C |} DIL | —}— | — PI 306. Crepidula aculeata ...... B;—|— — eee — 307 dorsatal ochre. ates CoB 4B _— Pm) Ve MD 308. —— excayata, var.......) — | — | — _ —|;—|— | 3809. —— adunca.........<.. —; B/OC iP. PENG |iVe.) Seva ; $10; —— rugosa ........000. Br} iB | C —|—|— DL 311. —— navicelloides ...... Me AC. OL —|Viv 1 3116 var. nummaria....| — | — | P — —|—I!1V — 3lle var. explanata . C}—|M oo —|ViV _ 312. Galerus fastigiatus ...... —|—|P} — ys ene: — 313 contortus.......... —j—;—|)} — —;—j|—]| MDI 314. Hipponyx cranioides . —|—|—- -- —|—/|V — 315 antiquatus ........ —/|PB/—|} — —{|—|]—| PMI 316. SCMTALUS anise wae elses —/|—|— — —|—}|— 1 olds CUMENSY | aries se: —|B{|— — — | —|—| MODI 318. Serpulorbis squamigerus..| B | B | C || D —|—|— D 319. Bivonia compacta ..[gma) — | — | — — —;—|V a | 320, Petalocouchus macrophra-| D | — | — — —|}—|— — | 321, Spiroglyphus lituella ....| B | — | — C —}—|— _ aa ea ay a rl ARN lS os hE ee 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 21. Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA. Suborder Rosrrirera. Family Calyptreide. . Crucibulum spinosum, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 344. From Southern fauna. . Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. Maz. Cat. no. 334. From Southern fauna. Round the world. i Cage ?dorsata, Brod., var. lingulata, Gld. E.E.=var. bilobuta, Maz. Cat. 336= C. bilobata, Rve. Appears identical with the S. American shells. SOar ne excavata, Brod. Maz. Cat. no. 837. S. American. . Crepidula adunca, Sby. Tank.=solida, Hds.=rostriformis, Gld. E.E. Dark liver, rough epidermis, solid deck with produced sides. [Not uncata, Mke.= rostrata, CG. B. Ad. , Rve.=adunca, Maz, Cat. no. 835.| between tides, Lord ; 10 fm. Cp. . Crepidula rugosa, Nutt. P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 224. Probably northern var. of oye, Sby. Maz. Cat. 340, with epidermis less shagey. . Crepidula nav ncelloides, Nutt. Shape of sgwama, with nucleus of wguiformis (Maz. Cat. no. 342). Rounded yar. in hollow bivalves=nummaria, Gld. Var. drawn out in layers like Zessonti=fimbriata, Rve. Var. elongated in crypts, scooped by crab or bivalve=explanata, Gld.=exuviata, Nutt. =per- forans, Val. . Galerus ’ fastigiatus, Gld. E.E. Like mamillaris, nucleus large, immersed. Large, in 8-15.fm. Lyall. 3. Galerus contortus, n.s. Whirls twisted: nucleus minute, prominent. 20-40 fm. Cp. Family Capulide. Tipponyx cranioides, n. s. Large, rough, flat, intermediate between planatus and Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Maz. Cat. no. 847. From Southern fauna. Hipponyx serratus, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 346. From Southern fauna. Hipponyx tumens, n.s. Growth like Helcton: sculpture more open than barbatus. ; Family Vermetide. Serpulorbis squamigerus, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 226 (not Aletes). Large, scaly. Verm. anellum, Morch, P. Z. 8S. 1861, p. 359, is perhaps the young. Bivonia compacta, n. 8. ’ Entirely open within: but colour and growth like LPetaloconchus macrophragma, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 359, Froin Southern fauna, Spivoylyphus lituella, Morch, P. Z.S. 1861, p. 164, 140 a Ee SS ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 6bb | Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. )|Smiths. Tae Ken. | Lord./Swan.| Cooper. | ———— > EE te eee sae It 322. Ceecum crebricinctum. ee | — —|—!—] MDI 323. -—— Cooperi ...... eee f — | — Joe — —|—|— DI 324, Turritella Cooperi ...... —/|—|— — —}—}|— DI 325. Jewett J: ..).6 voor) — |Bfs.) — Pfos. | — | — | — - 326. Mesalia lacteola ........ —|}—|— —— 2a ea — 326 b. var. subplanata ..) — | — | — — 2 es ve — She tenuisculpta ...... —|—}|— — —|—}] — D 328. Cerithidea sacrata ...... MB; C | C CF ae FD o29, Bittium filosum ........ |) 1e Ee even Vi — 329 6. Pram. esuriens aa en |e = =) || = |) 1 MD ao: AbvenuabuMN see —|—|— M — | = | = — 3591. —— quadrifilatum ...... —}|—|— D —|—|— D | 352. PS PERUTAGM Sel oittsiers sie — |B fs.) — — —|—)|— DI | Boo anmiilll tums asec — Bfs.|) — — a en D | 304, fastiovatumyeyeets cree c et eee -= —|—/— — | 335. Litorina planaxis . Pte dc Oa MOM nC TONE | es ee ADIL | 336. MONI, Gagcagude c —;1—/|O0O PO Fo ean | eV —- Family Cecide. $22. Caecum crebricinctum, n.s. Large, with aspect of Elephantulum, but very fine close annular sculpture; plug subungulate. 8-20 fm. Cp. 323. Cecum Cooperi, n.s. Small, with 30-40 sharp narrow ring. Family Turritelhde. 024, Turritella Cooperi, n.s. Extremely slender, with many narrow whirls. e. >, 825. Turritella Jewett, n.s. Like sanguinea, with very faint scuiptare. 826. DMesalia lacteola, ?n.s. May be a local var. of the circumpolar dacteuz, with altered sculpture : distinct, teste Cuming. 5266. Mesalia ?var. subplanata. Sculpture fainter : whirls flattened. 827, Mesaha tenwsculpta, n.s, Very small, slender, whirls rounded, iip waved. Shoal-water, Cp. Family Cerithiade. 528. Cerithidea sacrata, Gld. E.E.= Californica, Nutt.+-pullata, Gld. Variable in shape and sculpture: passes into Mazatlanica, Maz. Cat. no. 395. 829, *Bittium filosum, Gld. H.B.= Eschrichtti, Midd. Strong, broad, grooved. 3290. Bittium ? var. esuriens. Like starved filosum, very narrow, adult scarcely sculptured. 830. Bitton attenuatum, n. 8s. Like plicatum, A. Ad., or drawn-out eswriens, with threads instead of grooves. val. *Bittium quadr ifilatum, n. s. Broad: 4 threads, equal from beginning, coiling over strong radiating ribs. 332. *Bittium asperum, n.s. Same aspect : upper whirls with 2 strong and 2 faint keels over less prominent ribs. Beh.—40 fm. Cp. 333, * Rittium armillatum, n. s. Same aspect: 3 nearly equal rows of knobs. 334. Bittium fastigiatum, n.s. Small, slender: apex normal: sutures indented, anterior rib strong. Family Litorinide. 335. Litorina planaris, Nutt. Phil.=patula, Gid. E.E. Outside plain; columella scooped. 336. Litor oho Sitchana, Phil.=sulcata, Gld.=rudis, Coop. Rounded, flat, with spiv ia ribs. Var. modesta, Phil. (pars) has sculpture faint: subtenebr osa, Midd., perhaps a degraded var. Rocks between tides, Lord; 8-10 fm. Ly yall eT oe * These species have so peculiar a nucleus that they can scarcely rank near Cer?- theme or Kussoa: perhaps they are related to A/abu. Te nucleus of esuriens and attenuatwm has not been seen. 141 656 REPoRT—1865. H Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord. Swan Coover. 4 337. Litorina scutulata ...... —|B|PF||POFMI| P| V | Vj} MDI 338. ? Assiminea subrotundata |} — | — | — - —j;—|V — 339. ? Paludinella .:..... eee} — | ole —_ te — 340. Lacuna vincta..........| — | — | — — P= V — 341. POLTCCUS Tlevsts wie aie ese oe ee _ —|—|V _ 342. solidula ......06..| —|—| P IO Avie eV — 542 6 var, compacta ....| =} — | — _ —!—|V —_ 343 Variegatee se... es —j—|— —_ —j|—|V — 344 unifasciata ........|— | B| B I — | | DI 345. Isapis fenestrata ........) = | — | — — —|—|V DI 346 ObtuUsa: £ Pe. oe tee —|—j— — ee 347. Rissoina interfossa ......| — | — | — — — | — | — MI 348. Rissoa compacta........ —|—|— — Pye — 349. —— acutehirata-.....+.. — | — | — — eet | ee D 350. Alvania reticulata ......) — | — | — — ——) | 1 V — S51: filosas ie eee aes —|—);— — —— Vi — 352. Fenella pupoidea ...... —|;—|— — —|—|— M 353. Barleeia subtenuis ...... — | — | DI =| =} — DI 353 6. Pvar. rimata...... —|—j— D — | —] = D B04. haliotiphila ...... —|—|—- H —{|—|— — 355. Amphithalamus inclusus | — |} B | — — —|— | — D 837. Litorina seutulata, Gld. E.E.+lepida, Gld. Var.=plena, Gld. Small, solid, pointed, flattened, smoothish. Rocks between tides, Lord. 838. ? Assiminea subrotundata, n.s. Like a very thin Litorina: ashen, plain. 339. ? Paludinella, sp. May be an aberrant Assiminea. 340. Lacuna vincta, Mont. auct. Circumboreal. 341. Lacuna porrecta, u.s. Upper whirls flattened, effuse anteriorly ; chink large. 2416. Lacuna Pyar. effusa. Larger, taller, more swollen. 341 ¢. Lacuna Pvar. ecequata, same shape but flattened. 842. Lacuna solidula, Lov.=carinata, Gld., not A. Ad.= Vodelia striata, Gabb. Solid, variable, chink small; sometimes keeled or angular. 342 b. Lacuna var. compacta. Very small, narrow, orange, scarcely chinked. 343. Lacuna variegata, n.s. Very tall, effuse, irregular with wide chink: clouded or with zigzag stripes: like decorata, A. Ad. e44. Lacuna unifasevata, Cnn P.Z. 8. 1856, p. 205. Small, glossy, generally with a coloured keel, sometimes broken into dots. Var. awrantiaca, keel obsolete, resembling the chinked Phasianelle. 8-10 fm. Cp. 345, Isapis fenestrata, n.s. Like oroidea, with sharp distant ribs. 346. Isapis obtusa, n.s. Whirls flattened behind: ribs swollen, uneven. 10-20 fm. Cp. Family Rissoide. 347. Rissoina interfossa, n. 8. With 5 sharp keels crossing 14 strong ribs. 8-10 fm. 348. Rissoa compacta, n.s. Sculptured like Beanz, with short broad whirls. 349, Rissoa acutelirata, 1.8. Alvanoid: 15 sharp, distant, spiral riblets, travelling over 18 sharp distant ribs, obsolete in front. 350. Alvania reticulata, n.s. Open network: radiating threads travelling over 12, stronger distant spiral threads. 351. Alvania filosa, n.s. Turrited: pillar purple-stained: 18 close spiral strie, passing over very faint waved riblets. 352, Fenella pupoidea, n.s. Variegated, truncatelloid shape. 20 fm. rare, Cp. 353. Barleeia subtenuts, n. s.= Hydrobia Pulve, Maz. Cat. no. 417; but with normal Barleeoid operculum. On grass, Cp. 353 b. Barleeia Pvar. rimata. Whirls more swollen: base chinked. 354, Barleeia haliotiphila, n.s. Longer, narrower, much smaller. On H. splendens. 35d. Amphithalamus inclusus, n. g.,n.s. Habit of minute Nematura; labrum not contracted, but labium in adult travels forward to meet it, leaving a chamer behind, Nucleus cancellated; base bluntly ribbed. 142 Nutt. Jew. | B. A. || Smiths. Ins. Ken. | Lord. | 356. ?Amphithalamus lacunatus| — | — | — _— —|—|— D 257. Truncatella Californica ..| — | — | — — — a — D 309. Jeffreysia Alderi,...:...| —— | — | — D —|—|— _ 309. translucens........| — | — | — — — jh —— | D 360. Cithna albida ..........| — | — | — — —|—}— D 361. Diala marmorea .......-| — | — | — H ap MD 362. acuta ......cceee--) — | — | — — — || = | o> MI 363. Styliferina turrita ......) — | — | — — —|—|— D 364. Radius variabilis........| — |? B| — — a Eee — 365. Luponia spadicea ...... —|}C;C — —|—|— DI 366. Trivia Californica ......|— | B | C L ae | DI Bic Solandri .........| — | —|— L =e I 368. Erato vitellina.......... ==] 18 Oy SS = en ee DI 369. columbella ........| — | B| C L =| ee [eee VIE 370. Myurella simplex ...... —| Bi} — — —|—|— D 371. Drillia inermis..... preteens | a Bae, — =e | ee 372. INGISA? Sart eis) s 0'o//ess —|—| — — es lve — Eig 10 OP SLO icielciereieteree —!Bi]— = =) | — D 374. LOTOSB: o ikix ciel one PSR. « ee ee aT ooh oe eee M 374 5. Pvar. aurantia ....| — | — | — D |e D 356. ? Amphithalamus lacunatus, n.s. Same nucleus; base chinked, not keeled. (Adult not found.) Family Truncatelide. 857. Truncatella Californica, Pir. Pneum. Viv. Suppl. vol. ii. p. 7. Family Jeffreysiade. 358. Jeffreysia Aldert, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 420. 359. Jeffreysia translucens, n.s. Possibly a Barleeia: pillar thickened, base rounded. 869. Cithna albida, n.s. Very close to C. tumens, Maz. Cat. no, 421, but umbilicus angled, not keeled. Family Planaxide. 361. Diala marmorea, n.s. Solid, glossy, clouded with red: base faintly angled. 862. Diala acuta, n.s. Base flattened, sharply angled: turrited. Bch.—10 fm. Cp. 363. Styliferina turrita, n.s. Minute, slender, base rounded. Family Ovulde. 354. Radius variabilis, C. B. Ad. Maz. Cat. no. 435. Probably exotic. Family Cypreide. 265. Luponia spadicea, Gray. Like onyx, but light-coloured. 866. Trivia Californica, Gray. Small: ribs sharp, distant. — 337. Trivia Solandri, Gray. Maz. Cat. no. 441. From Southern fauna. Sta. Barb. and St. Nich. Is. common, Cp. 368. Erato vitellina, Hds. Sulph. Large, wide-mouthed : paries callous. 369. Erato columbella, Mke.=leucophea, Gld. Maz. Cat. p. 537, Perhaps a var. of Maugere, from the tropics. 20-40 fm. c. Cp. Suborder ToxrFera. Family Terebride. 370. Myurella simplex, n.s. Sculpture very faint and variable: shape of albocincta. c. Cp. Family Pleurotomide. 871. Drillia inermis, Hds. Sulph. arly whirls close sculptured. Beach-16 fm. living. Cp. : 372. Drillia incisa, n.s. Like inermis: spiral sculpture grooved, not raised. 373. Drillia mesta, n.s. Like large luctuosa: middle whirls with long transverse ribs and posterior knobs; adult obsolete. 374. Drillia torosa, n. s. Whirls rounder, olivaceous: with one row of strong bosses throughout : no posterior knobs. 8746. Drillia Pyar. aurantia, Orange, with sutural riblet and faint spiral sculpture. 1863. 143 658 REPoRT—1863. }-—- ' Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. || Smiths. Ins.) Ken. Tord swan: Cooper. 375. Drillia penicillata ...... me heal eel hee) meme ee el 376. cancellata .....0.-| = |= }— —_ P}—|— —_— 377. Mangelia levidensis ....| — | — | — — Pale eve 2 378. tabulate 22. se eee} — | —]— — Se Sale VV — 379. IMterfoOssa.... eoeee| — | —]— — eee ES HPN, a 380. crebricostata ......| — | — | — — ovale alin Vs can 581. VATICRAtA...0-0 20660 4) —— ale Boi|-— — Bey || he == 381 6. Pvar. nitens ......| — | B | — = pale eae (me ais 382. angwlata, onc: in6.0ieer s(n] Dat —— — P| —j|— M 383. Bela fidicula. ......0.+. —|—|P — P| Vi— — 384. OXCUTVAtA: 2656 ce |) | | oe P| —/}— 385. P Daphnella aspera ...... = |= | — M ee | en 386.0? ———= fill Os ay} «sricic ore orere'e —|B|— — eee eee | ets 387. ? eftusay, Wee atau —|}—|— -- =n eV —= 388. Conus Californicus ...... —|B/C D —|—|—j, DI 389. Obeliscus Pvariegatus....| — | — | — L —|—|;—' D 390. Odostomia nuciformis....| — | — | — — =| ania ue 390 6. Pvar. avellana ....| — | — | — = ooo ale ae 391. BATUTA ef cwotsieve erstetees —|—|—=> — ——) |e _ 391 b. ?var. Gouldii —|—}|— a= | es 392. OVAVAGB cccshn, .0r0i0in. 92 —| B|— — Salim D 398. TNA base, cisteusye sche leus —|—|— = ee |e VE ans 375. Drillia penicillata, n.s. Like inermis, with delicate brownish pencillings. 376. Driilia® cancellata, ?n.s. Like the young of metsa, but nodosely cancellated. 377. Mangelia levidensis, n.s. Stumpy, purplish brown, with rough sculpture. 878. Mangelia tabulata, n. s. Stout, strongly shouldered, coarsely cancellated. Pillar abnormally twisted. 379. Mangelia interfossa, n.s. Like attenuata, delicately cancellated. 880. Mangelia crebricostata, n.s. Like septangularis, with closely set ribs. 381. Mangelia variegata, n.s. Small, slender, thin, zoned with brown: 9 narrow ribs, and strong spiral striz. 3816. Mangelia Pvar. nitens. Glossy: spiral lines almost obsolete. 882. Mangelia angulata, n.s. Shape of variegata, but brown, whirls broad, angular, 383. Bela fidicula, Gld. E.E. Very close to turricula, var. 8-10 fm. Lyall. 384. Bela excurvata, n.s. Like Trevelliana: stumpy, Chrysalloid. 385. ? Daphnellat aspera, n.s. Elongated, with coarse fenestration. 386. ?Daphnellat filosa, n.s. Small, diamond-shaped, but rounded periphery 3 spirally threaded. 387. ?Daphnellat effusa, nom. prov. Thin, extremely drawn-out, sculpture faint. Family Conide. 888. Conus Californicus, Hds. Sulph.=rarus, Gld. Chestnut, plain. Suborder PRoposcrpIFERA. Family Pyramidellide. 889. Obveliscus ?variegatus, n.s. From Gulf fauna. Periphery with spiral groove. Colour-pattern clouded. 390. Odostomia nuciformis, n.s. Very large, solid, Tornatelloid. 390 b. Odostomia ?var. avellana. Shape of conordalis. 291. Odostomia satura, n.s. Large, with swollen whirls like Bithinia similis. 391 b. Odostomia ?var. Gouldi. ‘Taller, base gently rounded. 392. Odostomia gravida, Gld. Otia. Like conotdalis, but nucleus minute. 393. Odostomia inflata, n.s. Like large dolioliformis: with most minute spiral striulation. Farallone Is. On Hal. rufescens, teste Darbishire. * A peculiar group of species, resembling Chonella (marine, teste Stimpson.) + Generic position of all these doubtful: perhaps they belong to genera not yet eliminated : jilosa resembling the Eocene forms between Conus and Diewretoma, 144 ‘ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 659 | Nutt. Jew. |B. A. |/Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord.|Swan.| Cooper. 394. Odostomia straminea ....| — | — | — H — | — C 295. tenuisculpta ...... —!|—|— — —|;—|V _ 396. Chrysallida cincta ...... —|-—|!-— _ = heli I eee PUMA... e. areyere —j—|— — —|—)}]— DI 398. Dunkeria laminata ...... —;| Bi; — — — | — | — D 399. Chemnitzia tridentata ..| —| B | — == ea MD 400. chocolata........-. —}—};— — — | = | D p= Care aurantia © soe. —| B| — — si — 401. —— tenuicula.......... —i!B6 iB a ee eed D 401 b.— Pvar. subcuspidata..| — | — | — — — | — | — D 402, crebrittlatayece nese —} B | — ——s —|—]— — 403. LOTMA, «0 54-+ oie ests —|Bi|— — P| V|— _ 4036. Pvar. stylina ...... —|Bi|— — —|—|— M 404. WANS Oper cersiajs ties. 0 60% —|Bj|— _ —|/—|— — 495. Eulima micans ........ —}—|— — =a DI 406. compacta..........| — | — | — -_ —|—|— D 47. mink ys oe See oe | oa — — | — | — M 408. ——thersites’.......... a eee —_ i — 394. Odostomia straminea, n.s. Like tall var. of inflata, with straw-coloured epi- dermis, not striulate. 395. Odostomia tenusculpta,n.s. Like sublirulata, Maz. Cat. no. 487, with obsolete sculpture throughout. 596. Chrysallida cincta, n.s. Passing towards Mumiola. Radiating sculpture very faint. 897. Chrysallida pumila, n.s. Like ovulum, Maz. Cat. no. 512, but slender; spiral lines delicate. 898. Dunkeria laminata, n. s. Subgenus of Chemnitzia, with rounded whirls: typical species. Aspect of Fenella, finely cancellated. 099. Chemnitzia tridentata, n.s. Large, chestnut: 19-24 ribs, evanescent at peri- phery: waved interspaces with 8-10 spiral grooves: labrum with 3 teeth, hidden as in Obeliscus: base round. 400. Chemunitzia chocolata, n.s. Same size and colour: not toothed: base prolonged : crowded ribs minutely striulate between. 490b.Chemnitzia ?var. aurantia. Intermediate between the above: orange, base round; 26 ribs, striulate between. 401. Chemnitzia tenwicula, Gld. Otia. Shape of tridentata dwarfed : whirls flatter, base prolonged, spiral grooving strong. 41 b. Chemnitzia ?var. subcuspidata. Ribs more distant, muricated at sutures. 42. Chemnitzia crebrifilata, n.s. Slender, whitish: with 8 spiral threads passing over 24 ribs, evanescent round base. 405. Chemnitzia torquata, Gld. Otia= Vancouverensis, Gld. Ribs truncated before periphery, leaving plain band above sutures. 4036. Chemnitzia Pvar. stylina. Like torquata, tapering, less swollen in front, with more ribs, band less marked. 404. Chemnitzia virgo, n.s. Very slender, with short, smooth base: 18 ribs, evanes- cent at periphery, and 8 spiral grooves. Family Eulimide. 405. Enlima micans,?n.s. Perhaps asmall var. of the European polita. 80-40 fm. living. Cp. 406. Eulima compacta, ?n.s. Small, with blunt spire and elongated base. 407. Eulima rutila, ?n.s. Leiostracoid, rosy, base lengthened. Like producta, Maz. Cat. no. 551. 408. Eulima thersites, n.s. Very broad, short, twisted. 10 145 BHO REPORT— 1865. \ A . ||Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord. Sean Cooper. soon ee wetaes: 409, Scalaria Indianorum .. —}|—}]— | a= = VA a 4096. Puar. tincta.....e.-| — | — | — | L a el D 410, —— ?Cumingii ..... ors elle [eae (eee —/|—}|— D 4100. Povacilis .........., —|— |— |} OD —|—|— — 411. —— subcoronata ......} — | — | — — — | — |} — M 412, —— crebricostata ....../ —}| — | — —_ — | — | — MD rAslicds bellastriata ..... eee] — | —]— — — | — M 414, Opalia borealis ..... .-f|—|—| Py] — —j|;—|V — | 415. Pvar, Isculpta — |Bfs.| — oe a a 416. —— spongiosa ........| —}| — | — _ —|—}|— M 417. —— retiporosa ........ —|—|— — —}—|— I 418. bullata weet. kak eee ele = |e = | 419. Cerithiopsis tuberculata..}— | B|—] — —;—|V MD 420. COMMA keeles e —}—|— — aN M 421. ——munita ..........|— | — | — — ——3\e—s | VA oe 429; ——=—"PULpUTER si 6.266 -| —— | |, —— -= —|—|—| MD AD 3s ——-TOLGLOIN ae tereiietereione —!| Bi/—| — — | — | — — 494, assimilata ........ Sheol — S| I 425. Triforis Padversa........ — | — | — a ee eG HM 426. Cancellaria modesta ....) — | — | — — a — Family Sealariade. 409, Scalaria Indianorum, ?n.s. Between Turtonis and communis: like “ Geor- gettina, Kien. Mus. Cum. no. 34, Brazil.” 409). Scalauria ?vay. tincta. Purple-brown behind: like regularis, without spiral sculpture. ; 410. Scalaria ? Cumingti, Cpr. P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 165. 410). Scalaria ?gracilis, Sby. in Mus. Cum. 411. Scalaria subcoronata, n.s. Like young communis, with more and sharper ribs, faintly coronated when adolescent. 412. Sealaria crebricostata, n.s.= Mus. Cum. no. 32: 15 sharp reflexed ribs, coro- nated against the sutures. 413. Scalaria bellastriata, n.s. Shape like pretiosa, jun. : ribs very close, spinous at shoulder, crossed by spiral riblets. 414, Opalia borealis, Gld. E. EK. Very close to australis: obsolete forms hke Ocho- tensis, Midd. 415. Opalia (2erenatotdes, var.) insculpta. Like the C.S. L. form and crenata, but ribs closer, without spiral sculpture, sutural holes behind the basal rib, 416. Opalia spongiosa, n.s. Like small, very slender granulata: surface riddled with deep punctures in spiral rows. 417. Opalia retiporosa, u.s. Sculpture in network, with deep holes. 40 fm. d.r. Cp, 418. Opalia bullata, n.s. Shape of Rissoina: with sutural baakee no basal rib. Family Certthiopside. 419. Cerithiopsis tuberculata, Mont. Fbs. & Hanl. Agrees with the British rather than with the Mazatlan form, Cat. no. 557. 420. Cerithiopsis columna, n.s. Very tall: nodules close, like strung figs. 421. Cerithiopsis munita, n.s. Stout: strongly sculptured: base evenly ribbed. 422. Cerithiopsis purpure, n.s. Stained with purple: nodules fine: base finely lirate. 423. Cerithiopsis fortior, n.s. Sculpture open: strong basal rib. 424. Cerithiopsis assimilata, C. B. Ad. Maz. Cat. no. 563.' With spiral keels. Prom Southern fauna. 425. Triforis Padversa, Mont. Fbs. & Hanl. Agrees with British specimens. iG- 40 fm. v.r. Cp. Family Cancellariade. 426. Cancellaria modesta, n.s. Like Trichotropis borealis, with two slanting yp its and spiral ribs travelling up the paries. See also p. 615, nos. 463, 817. 146 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. GOL | Nutt, Jew. |B. A. | Smiths. Ins. Ken. | Lord. Swan.| Cooper. 427. Trichotropis cancellata ..; — | — | P _— P|—|V — 428, PHOTIUS! s| 26.82 5 ciche's ;}—}|—|—]— aaa ev — 429, Velutina levigata ...... —|{/—|/— — Pas ey _ 430, prolongata ........ Saal ae alan — 431, Natica clausa .......... —|;—|P = Ete ey — 432. Lunatia Lewisii ........ —|C;P P P|—|V D 4333, BUT A oisicrcrsccis «steers —j;—|P — Piel = 454. Neverita Recluziana ....) — | — | — D —}|—|— D 435. Priene Oregonensis...... —;—|P VE Pa Vahey, M 436. Ranella Californica...... —|—/— L —|—/—]| BD 437. Mitra maura ....... .--| C | — | — i —|—|— DI 438. Marginella Jewettnh ....) —| B | — —* |}—}—}] — MI 439. subtrigona ........ —| B|— — —|—)|}— oo 440. TEPUIAFIS: c.< 2 ies see —|Bi/|— == —;}—/]—| MDI 441. Volutella pyriformis ....) — | — | — iF —}—|— D 442. Volvarina varia ........ —|B}— aa —|—|— DI 443. Olivella biplicata....... ol ale ue D —/}—}|V! MDI 444. DOGG Ara ars ovale 5-0/a)27s .| — | B | OC M P|—!/V D 427. Tvichotropis cancellata, Hds. Sulph. Sculpture strong, open. Epidermis bristly. 428. 451. 452. 453. 454. or tf o~ de 453. 459, 440, 441. 412. 443. 444. Trichotropis inermis, Hds. Sulpn. Sculpture faint: not bristly. Family Velutinide. . Velutina levigata, Linn. Fbs. & Hanl. Exactly accords with British speci- mens. ?= Kamtschatkana, Desh. . Velutina prolongata, n.s. Spire very small. Labrum produced in front. Family Naticide. Natica clausa, Brod. & Shy. Umbilicus closed. Opere. shelly. Circumboreal. LInunatia Lewisti, Gd. E. E.=herculea, Midd. Whizrls flattened behind. Abun- dant on beach, Cp. LIunatia pailida, Br. & Sby.=caurina+soluta, Gld. Globular, compact, whitish, Boreal. Neverita Recluziana, Petit, Rve. Large, solid, raised, with brown grooved lump on pillar. Also Guaymas. Family Tritonide. . Priene Oregonensis, Redf. Like canceliata, but coarser sculpture. 6 fm. Lyall. 6. Ranella Californica, Hds. Sulph. Scarcely differs from fine specimens of 2, ventricosa, in Mus. Cum, Family Fasciolaride. Mitra maura, Swains. Nutt. = orientalis, Gray =‘ Chilensis, Gray,’ Kien. Very dark and plain. Peru. Sand between rocks, l.w. Cum. Peru. Family Marginellide. Marginella Jewettii, Cpr. P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 207. Like the Mogador species, somewhat shorter and broader. 10-20 fm. Cp. = : Marginella subtrigona, n.s. Shape of Erato columbella. Marginella regularis, n.s. Between Jewettii and minor, C. B, Ad. Maz. Cat. no. 587. Beach-20 fm. Cp. : Volutella pyriformis, n.s. Genus of Swainson (not D’Orb.) = Closia, Gray, Like V. margaritula, Maz. Cat. no. 589, but produced in front. Volvarina varia, Shy. O.S. Lucas, W. Indies. Family Olivide. Olivella biplicata, Shy. Tank. = glandinaria, Nutt. Nut-shaped. Olivella betica, n.s. Narrow, dull, thin: has been erroneously called anazora, teryina, petiolta, and rujfifasciata. 147 669 REPORT—1863. Nut! Jew. | B. A. \|smiths. Ins.; Ken. | Lord.|Swan.| Cooper. 445, Nassa fossata .......... a (nla a P|—/|V D 446, PORPINOWNS «occ ea0% —/ B/C} @P)L | —}]— BDI 447 Inseul pta... .s. a%,eu: —|—/|/— = —}j—-|— I 442, = mMendica..-..%%+. —|CI|P POF PA OV | Vi MD 449, —— Cooperi .......... —j|—|? — —|;—|— DI 450 POPUL: . sae «010, see —j|}—/|LC L —);—|— D 451. Amycla gausapata ...... —/B|P VD Pe Wai Ne M 452. —— ?Californiana...... Sl OE lh 0 — a = 453. —— tuberosa .......... — |Bfs.| — a —{}—]} Vj] MDI 454, P chrysalloidea —}|—|}— =~ —}—}— D 455. P undata x: 3.05.6 « —|—}— — —|—/|]— I 456, ? Truncaria corrugata....| — | — | O || VPFMI| P | —/ V DI 457. Columbella carinata — | B | iC — | S|) a ODL | 4575. Pyar. ELindsil. .s... —;B|D — — | —.| V MD ; 458. Purpura crispata........ Cp | Ct NEP OM Sibel y alae F | 459. canaliculata ...... —}|—|]— VF Sl Werle WP — | 460. Sax COLA ars cnucieteks, cue —|C;C VPF ee ag, FI | 4606. var. fuseata ...... ——=|,—— }|\ — — | — | V = 460. var. emarginata B| B/C ~D = D 460d. var. ostrina ...... —|F|{C POC Boa Vie Ns FD Family Buccinide. 445, Nassa fossata, Gld. E. KE. = elegans, Rve. non Desh. Large, broad, flattened spire. 446, Nassa perpinguis, Hds. Sulph. Same type, smaller, rounder, narrower. 447. Nassa insculpta, n.s. Zeuxis, with varix and non-reflexed callus. Spirally grooved. 40 fm. living, r. Cp. 448. Nassa mendica, Gld. E. K.+ Grbbesa, Coop.= Woedwardit, Fhs. Very variable : some forms approach trivittata. 449, Nassa Cooperi, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 273. Like mendica, with 7 distant ribs, and fine spiral sculpture. 450. Nassa tegula, Rve. Maz. Cat. no. 624. From Southern fauna. 451. Amycla gausapata, Gld. E. E. (Genus rearranged for Columbellids with Nas- soid opercula, probably including Ala and Astyris.) Strong, solid, varie- oated, smooth. 452. Amycla ? Californiana, Gask. P.Z.S. 1851, p. 12. Whirls more swollen. 453, Amycla tuberosa, n.s. Very close to minor, Scacchi, but with different nu- cleus. 8-10fm. c. Cp. 454. P Amycla chrysalloidea, n.s. Shape of Truncaria eurytoides, but mouth not effuse: spirally furrowed. Shoal-water, Cp. 455. P Amycla unda‘a,n.s. Like stumpy, small corrugata, with waved sculpture. 40 fm. not r. Cp. 456. ? Truncaria corrugata, Rve. Conch. Ie. (“ Buceinum :” “ Pisania,” Add. May be an Amycla.) Large, with waved ribs and spiral striz. Dwarfed at 40 fm. Cp. : 457. “Columbella” carinata, Hds. Sulph. Small, twrrited, smooth, with stout pos- terior keel. (Perhaps Amycla.) Beach, Cp. 457 b. Columbella ?var. Hinds, Rve. Keel shorter, till it ceases, as in gausapata. Family Purpwride. . 458. Purpura crispata, Chem.=plicata, Mart.=lactuca, Esch. = septentrionalis, Rye. +e. Large, strong, canal distinct, smooth or foliated. 459. Purpura canaliculata, Ducl.=decemcos'ata, Midd.+-attenuata, Rve.+analoga, Fbs. With elegant spiral grooves. Chrysodomoid. 460. Purpura savicola, Val.=lapillus, Coop. Like the Atlantic species, rough, pillar scooped, with brown spiral lines, 4606. Purpura var. fuscata, Fbs, Raised thin form, dull, with faint sculpture. 460c. Purpura var. emarginata, Desh. Short, swollen, with scaly sculpture. 460d. Purpura var. ostrina, Gld. I.E. Short, swollen, nearly smooth. 148 ON MOLLUSCA OF THF WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 663 Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. | Smiths. Ins./ Ken. ian Swan.| Cooper. 461. Monoceros engonatum ..|/ B | — | C | D —|—}— DI 4616. Pyar. spiratum ....| — | — | — — — | — | — I 462. —— lapilloides ........ B/—/C D — | — | — I 463. Ocinebra lurida and vars. | — |B fs.) — || FI —|/V | V | Mjun.} 464. INTOELOSSA'..-,. 6 « aye: —|{—|—| MI Bee Vie 7 |--M- jun: 465. ? Roulsonives.). see CB L — _ == 466. Cerostoma foliatum ....; — | —} O ||/PODI fs; P| V | V a 467. Niceticallihigerssstrenee teres B;B;C] — a DI 468. monoceros .......- —;}—|C) L — | — ?D 469. Chorus Belcheri ........ = | —— |p| I ae D 470. Nitidella Gouldii........ —|}Bi— M P | —| V MD 471. Pedicularia Californica ..} — | — | — (1) —|— — 472. Pteronotus festivus...... —| CC} LI D —_ | | — D 473. Muricidea Californica....} — | — | LC — — | — |— | MBDI 474. Trophon multicostatus ..) — | — | — _ Peles Navsltee -- 475. Orpheus’. os eie say's —;—|Py} — P| Vj— = 476. triangulatus ...... eae —|}—|— I 477. Siphonalia Kellettii ....| — P D —|—j|;—] BD 478. fuscotinctas. «= «6's —|B{]— — —|—|— — 479. Chrysodomus tabulatus ..} — |Bfs; — | — |PPjn}) V | V PI 480. IFEGHANE) ee aie Oe ote ec —/|—|A V —|—|— 461. Monoceros engonatum, Conr.=uncarinatum, Sby. Brown-dotted, with sharp posterior keel, smoothish. Beach, Cp. 461). Monoceros ?var. spiratum (Blainy.). Light colour; scaly; horn not developed. 462. Monoceros lapilloides, Conr.= punctatum, Gray +brevidens, Cony. Not should- ered: shape of lapillus. 463. Ocinebra lurida, Midd. (Genus reconstituted for Muricoid Purpurids with irregular varices.) Like canaliculata, brown, with swelling ribs. Beach on Cat. Is. living. Cp. 463. Ocinebva var. aspera, Baird. Sculpture rough. 463 ¢.Ocinebra var. munda. Tall, with faint sculpture. 464, Ocineb a interfossa, n.s. Purple-brown, with latticed sculpture. 465. ? Octnebra Poulsont, Nutt. Shape like JZ, monoceros, with brown spiral lines, 466. Cerostoma foliatum, Gmel.=monodon, Esch. Large, with winged varices. 467. Cerostoma Nuttallii, Conr. Smaller, pear-shaped: interstices scarcely sculptured. 468. Cerostoma monoceros, Sby. Spire raised : whirls rough, rounded. 469. Chorus Belcheri, Hds. Sulph. Very large, with irregular varices like Trophon. L. w. com. Cp. 470. Mitidella Gonldit, Cpr. P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 208. Slender: like thin A. gausapata, with Purpuroid opere. 471. Pedicularia Californica, Newe. Small, purple, highly sculptured. Family Muricide. 472. Pteronotus festivus, Hds. Sulph. Form irregular; frills reflexed. 473. Muricidea Californica, Hds. Sulph. Varices faintly developed. L.w.-20 fm. Cp. 474. Trophon multicostatus, Esch.= Guaneri, Lov. Rve. Frills spiny behind : not sculptured spirally. Circumpolar. 475. Trophon Orpheus, Gld. KE. E. Like the last, with distant spiral riblets. 476. Trophon triangulatus,n. s. Typhoid shape: frills triangular, white. 60 fm. Cp. 477. Siphonalia Kellettii, Fos. P.Z.S. 1850, p. 274. Very large, turrited, with swollen whirls. Also Japan. 1 living 63 in. long. 478. Siphonalia fuscotincta, n.s. Like the same in extreme miniature. 479. Chrysodomus tabuiatus, Baird, P. Z.S. 1863, p. 66. Large, with posterior keel, and delicate sculpture. 120 fm. dead, Cat. Is. Cp. 480. Chrysodomus liratus, Mart.= decemcostatus, Midd, (? Say) = Middendorffii, Coop. Swollen, with distant keeis. Whidby’s Is. 149 C64 REPORT—1863. Nutt.| Jew. | B. A. ||Smiths. Tel Ken. | Lord. Swan leCoonent es SE a EG itesc a [ela 481. Chrysodomus dirus...... — | — | iP VI Villa = 482. rectirostris ........ —|—|— — ee se oss 483. Fusus ambustus ........ — Bfs.| C 2 ONT GE fl ey BDI 484, Macron Kellettii........ —— | — I} Tas L a |e ?I 485. ATVAGUS © 6 eee eeeee}] — | — fl — L ee ee D 486. Anachis subturrita ...... —|—|— — | D 487. P penicillata........ —| B|— — —|—}— DI 488. Argonauta Argo........ —}—|— ae —|—}]— iE 489. Octopus punctatus ...... — lee |e (FL) |? P| —|?V I 490. Ommastrephes giganteus .| — | — | — — —}|—|— I 491. AAVECSUE fee ste - atte, —|—|— — —|—|— I 492. Onychoteuthis fusiformis .| — | — | — PM eee A i 481. Chrysodomus dirus, Rye. =incisus, Gld.= Sitchensis, Midd. Dark liver, with spiral grooves. 482. Chrysodomus rectirostris, n. 8. Small, white, smooth, with straight canal. 483. Fusus ambustus, Gld. Otia. Close to clavata, Brocchi, from Mediterranean. Farallone Is. teste Darbishire; 16 fm. c. Cp. 484. Macron Kellettti, A. Ad. P. Z.S, 1853, p. 185. Large, with blunt keels. Dead, GO fm. Cat. Is. Cp. 485. Macron lividus, A. Ad. Small, smooth. 486. Anachis subturvita, n.s. Aspect of small Rissotna. 20 faint ribs: no spiral sculpture. 487. PAnachis penicillata, n.s. Small, with Metuloid sculpture. Beach-10 fm. Cp. Class CEPHALOPODA. Family Argonautide. 488. Argonauta Argo, Linn. auct. Like the Mediterranean form. Hundreds on Sta Cruz Is. Cp. Family Octopide. 489. Octopus punctatus, Gabb, Proc. Cal. Ac. 1862, p. 170. S. Clemente Is. Cp, Family Loligide. 490. Ommastrephes giganteus, D’Orb. Peru. Common at S. Clemente Is. Cp. 491. Ommastrephes Ayresii, Gabb, Proc.Cal.Ac. Hundreds on S. Clemente Is. Cp. 492. Onychoteuthis fusiformis, Gabb, Proc. Cal. Ac. 1862, p. 171. “Cape Horn, Mus. Ac.” §, Clemente Is. Cp. 113. It remains to tabulate the shells which have been received from special localities, south of the State of California, either by the writer or by the Smithsonian Institution; vide Br. Assoc. Rep., par. 77. The promontory of Lower California has been so little explored, that the » existence of a large inland fiord, in lat. 28°, was not known to the autho- rities. It appears that the whales have long delighted in its quiet waters; and those whalers who were in the secret carefully preserved the exclusive knowledge of so profitable a hunting-ground. All that we know at present of the molluscs of that region is from collections made at Cerros Island, by Dr. Ayres and Dr. Veitsch. They are mostly shore shells, and are sadly intermixed with an abundance of cowries, cones, strombs, and other clearly Pacific species, which throw great doubt upon those which may be truly from the coast. As it is manifestly a ‘hotbed of spurious species,” nothing can safely be built upon the data, which present a singular intermixture of northern and southern forms. Excluding the Central Pacific importations, the lists stand as follows, the temperate species being distinguished (as in the first Report) by a *, the tropical by a t:— 150 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 665 *Sancuinolaria Nuttalli. *Trochiscus Norrisii. *Macoma secta. *Omphalius /fuscescens. Angulus Gouldii. *Omphalius aureotinctus. *+THeterodonax bimaculatus, +Crucibulum imbricatum, *Donax Californicus. *+Crucibulum spinosum. + Donax punctatostriatus, +Crepidula arenata and var. *Standella ?Californica. +Cerithinm uncinatum. *Pachydesma crassatelloides, *Cerithidea pullata. *t+Amiantis callosa. +Cerithidea Montagnei. *Chione similiima. *Litorina planaxis. +Chione neglecta. Luponia sp. ind., jun. *Tapes staminea, Conr, +Trivia Solandri. {Tapes grata and vars. *Trivia Californica, *Lucina Ca‘ifornica. Drillia penicillata. Lucina bella. Myurella, sp. *Mytilus edulis. (One voung specimen, | *tNeverita Recluziana. perhaps from San Francisco. ) +Natica Maroceana. *Septifer bifurcatus. *Scalaria (Ind. var.) tincta. +Pecten subnodosus, ventricosus, +Bezoardica abbreviata. *Pecten monotimeris and vars, - +Leucozonia cingulata. *Hinnites giganteus, tStrigatella tristis. *+Ostrea conchaphila. *Olivella biplicata. *+Anomia Plampe. *Purpura ostrina, vars. Siphonaria eequilirata, + Purpura biserialis. *+Melampus olivaceus. Monoceros lugubre. Helix arrosa. | +Vitularia salebrosa. *+ Bulla nebulosa. Cerostoma monoceros, *+Ischnochiton Magdalensis, Ocinebra Poulsoni. *Acmza persona, var. textilis, Chorus Belcheri. *Acmea scabra, var. limatula. +Columbella fuseata. *Acmea Pspectrum, jun. *Columbella carinata. *Lottia gigantea. +Strombina gibberula. *Lucapina crenulata. +Anachis coronata. *Fissurella volcano. *+Nassa tegula. *Haliotis splendens. +Nassa complanata, *Haliotis Cracherodii. Macron Kellettii. *Pomaulax vndosus. *Macron lividus. Callopoma tessellatum = Fokkesii, The shells of Margarita Bay, on the Pacific coast of Lower California, in lat. 24°, have become known through W. Harper Pease, Esq., of Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. Through his labours we are likely soon to be favoured with accurate accounts of the distribution of species in the various parts of the Pacific Ocean. Already his researches have greatly enriched our know- ledge of the quaint fauna of the Sandwich Islands, from which he has elimi- nated the spurious species, and added those erroneously ascribed to California by previous naturalists. The principal trade from these islands is with San Francisco; and “the coast,” in Mr. Pease’s writings, signifies the coast of — California or (generally) of Western America. Many of our best specimens of rare West-coast shells have been received from him, and in remarkably fresh preservation. The Margarita Bay species were obtained by one of his trained collectors, and are as follows :— Martesia intercalata. Donax punctatostriatus. peers pholadis oe paereroe> olecurtus violascens, allista chionea. Hiatula compacta. Callista vulnerata (?=tricolor, Pse.), *Tellina secta. Chione succincta Strigilla carnaria (pink), Chione gnidia, Semele Californica, Tapes grata, 151 CBG *'Tapes staminea, Chama trondosa. Cardium procerum. Liocardium elatum. Modiola capax. Modiola Brasiliensis. Lithophagus attenuatus. Barbatia gradata. Pecten ventricosus. Ostrea Virginica (Maz. Cat.). *Ostrea lurida, var. Ostrea conchaphila. Ostrea amara. Siphonaria equilirata (=leviuscula, Sby., teste Cuming). Siphonaria gigas. *{Tolix areolata, Fbs. (The only land- shell received from the Bay.) Dentalium tetragonum, Sby. Dentalium semipolitum. Dentalium lacteum, Zhi. Acmeea strigatella. Acmiea atrata. Gadinia reticulata. Calliostoma versicolor. *Chlorostoma gallina. *Chlorostoma aureotinctum. Nerita scabricosta. Nerita Bernhardi. Crucibulum spinosum. Crucibulum imbricatum, ReEPORT—1363. Crepidula onyx. Crepidula excavata. Galerus conicus. Cerithium stercus muscarum. Pyrazus incisus and var. Rhinoclavis gemmata. Cerithidea Mazatlanica. Litorina fasciata. Litorina aspera, var. Conus “reticulatus ” (Pease). Dead. Conus “ emarginatus’ (Pease), Dead. Conus interruptus. Neverita Reciuziana. Polinices bifasciata. Cancellaria urceolata. Cancellaria goniostoma. “ Cypreecassis testiculus ” tenuis |. Malea ringens. Priene nodosa. Oliva subangulata, Oliva porphyria. Purpura patula. Purpura biserialis. *Purpura ostrina. [ Normal, living. ] Vitularia salebrosa. Monoceros lugubre, var. Cerostoma monoceros. Nassa tegula. Siphonaha anomala. Phyllonotus nigritus. [perhaps In the above list, the only strictly Californian species are those marked with a *. The following species have been received from La Paz, besides those tabu- lated in Major Rich’s list, p. 541, in the C.S. L. list, p. 619, and the B. A. Rep. p. 352. It is clear that the fauna of the district is essentially tropical, and remarkably free from Californian species. Dentalium semipolitum. Turritella punctata. Modulus cerodes. Olivella fulgida, Lieut. Trowbridge [teste W. Cooper; but probably added by him accidentally from his W. African collections. It has not been received from any other West-coast source ]. Siphonalia modificata. Dead. A very interesting series of shells were collected at Guaymas and Pinacati Bay, by Capt. Stone and Mr. Sloat. The latter gentleman affixed MS. names to those which he regarded as new. They were in remarkably beautiful condition, the bivalves having an unusually porcellanous aspect, and many uf the species presenting local peculiarities. Mulinia carinulata, Desh.,= Mactra modesta, Sloat MS. Dosinia ponderosa, Very large. Chione fluctifraga, Sby.,= V. Cortezi, Sloat MS. [=gzbbosula (Desh.), Rve.,= callosa, Sby., non Conr. }. Chione succincta, Val.,= Californiensis, Brod.,= V. crassa, Sloat MS. [Very variable in sculpture ; also, with the last, varies greatly in shape, some of the specimens being much produced, others rounded. | Chione gnidia, Brod. Passing into amathusia, 152 ON MOLLUSCA OF TITE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 667 Chione pulicaria, Sby., var.,= V. Pinacatensis, Sloat MS. Sculpture pressed smooth in the middle. Cardium elatum. Fine. Cardium procerum. Fine. Modijla capax. “ Choros.” Also Sta. Inez Bay. Modiola Brasiliensis. (Typical.) Byssoarca Pacifica. Ostrea conchaphila et amara, Maz. Cat. 215. Chiton (Lophyrus) Stokestt. Also San Salvador, Capt. Dow. Callopoma fluctuatum. Bivonia contorta. Turritella goniostoma. Turritella tigrina (light var.),= leucostoma, Val. Cerithidea albonodosa. Common. [Probably a var. of Mazatlanica.] Strombus gracilior. Also Mulege Bay. Neverita Recluziana. {Operc. strong, horny. | Ranella triquetra. Loe sub-Buccinoid, oval; nucleus internal, near middle of labrum ; scar with few ridges, as in Purpura. | Oliva angulata. Not rare. Oliva Cumingii, very callous var. Agaronia testacea. Monoceros lugubre. Very tall var. Phyllonotus nigritus. Very large, of form described by Philippi, with Pholads im situ. Agiobampo Bay. Phyllonotus bicolor. {Operc. thin, without frills or raised layers ; of uniform colour.] Also Angeles Bay. To these may be added, from a second voyage by Capt. Stone to the northern part of the Gulf of California, and in equally good condition— Arca grandis. Agiobampo Bay. Callista semilamellosa. Agiobampo Bay. Lazaria pectunculus (teste Cuming). St. Luis Bay. Cardium consors. St. Luis Bay. Avicula Peruviana. Mulege Bay. Lvucina tigerrina. Very tine. San Marcos Island. Margaritiphora fimbriata. ‘“ Topo.” Janira dentata {| =exrcavata, Val.|. ‘ Caballito del mar,” St. Luis Bay. Bulla nebulosa. “ Huevitos.” Glyphis inequalis. St. Luis Bay. Crucibulum imbricatum. St. Luis Bay. Cyprea evanthema. (Large.) Cape de Haro. Myurella variegata. Mulege Bay. Solarium granulatum et var. quadriceps. Agiobampo Bay. Polinices bifasciata. Angeles Bay. Cyprecassis tenuis [= Marsene, Kien.|. Carmen Island. Harpa crenata. Very fine. Mulege Bay. Bexoardica abbreviata. Mulege Bay. Ficula decussata. Angeles Bay. Pyrula patula. Agiobampo Bay. Malea ringens. — Lobos Island. Argonauta hans. 1 fine sp. Upper part of Gulf of California. To the Guaymas fauna must be added, from Dr. Gould’s portion of the same collection, ‘‘ Pecten pyaidatus” [?=subcrenatus, jun.). Also from the collection of the Calif. Ac. Nat. Se., Nassa nodocincta, A. Ad. { Galapagos, Cuming}. On comparing these lists with the shells given in Bb. A. Rep. p- 352 (in which the Venus quoted is not “ staminea, Conr.,” but a southern species), it will be seen that the fauna of the upper part of the Gulf, as far north as it has been explored, is essentially tropical, The Chione fluctifray 158 Co3 REPORT—1863. and C. succincta, however, and the Polinices Recluziana indieate a connexien with California which may have been, at a previous age, more direct than at present. 114. (See first Report, pars. 79-83.) Acapulco being notorious for the exotic species quoted in its fauna, it is desirable to examine all authentic collections from that prolific locality. The Smithsonian series were ob- tained by Dr. Newberry * (1V.), after his Pacific R. R. Explorations (vide p- 993); by Mr. Belcher (B.); and by the Rev. J. Rowell (2#.), who obtained them principally from the valves of the large oysters. The private collec- tions of Judge Cooper, Col. Jewett (J.), and ‘other American naturalists have also afforded valuable information. The species from these various sources, which were also found by Mr. Xantus, are tabulated with his Cape St. Lucas series, anted, pp. 619-626, northern localities :— Corbula nuciformis, J. Corbula ovulata, and smooth var., B., J. Macheera patula, var., 1. [Surely i im- ported. | Sanguinolaria saa lene aelD Tellina princeps, B.; punicea, W., B.; opercularis, 1. Strigilla carnaria, pale and crimson vars., N, Semele ‘proxima, J.; pulehra, J, N.; venusta, J. Donax cafinatus, J., N.; rostratus, ars transversus, JV. Trigona Hindsii, J. Mactrellacarinata, Lam.,=alata, Spengl., WV. {Perhaps imported. | Dosinia Annee, NV. Callista circinata, J.; semilamellosa, N., B.; spinosissima, B. Chione amathusia, J. Rupellaria foliacea, R. Petricola ventricosa, ?. Chama corrugata, PR. Cardium Paculeatum, jun., NM. [proba- bly from ballast]; graniferum, 1. Lucina ?pectinata, var., J. { More like imbricatula, W. 1.; perhapsJamaican. | Diplodonta semiaspera, J. Felania tellinoides, var., J. {More like subglobosa, W. 1. ; perhaps Jamaican. | Corbicula ?convexa, 1 worn valve, . Scapharca bifrons, NV. ; labiata, B. Noétia reversa, J., B. Argina brev ifrons, N. Axinwa parcipicta [=multicostata], FENG: bee J.; inzequalis, J. Lima angulata, J. Ostrea megodon (P. Z.S.1845,p. 106], N. Anomia lampe, J. The following have not been obtained from the Tornatina infrequens, B. Dentalium ?hexagonum, var., B. Fissurella nigropunctata, Je ; Pmacro- trema, J.; alba, jun., B. (1 worn sp.) Calliostoma lima, var. zequisculpta, N. ; Leanum, J. Senectus squamigerus, J. Galerus conicus, N.; mamillaris, NV. Crepidula nivea, £. ; - incurva, N. Turritella Banksii, N.; leucostoma, RB, Ampullaria Columbiensis, R. | West “Mexico ; locality uncertain. | Truncatella Bair diana, B, tadius avena, J. Cypreea exanthema, N. Luponia fimbriolata, Beck, N. [Pro- bably imported, and perhaps an im- perfectly developed form of semipo- lita, Migh. } Terebra tuberculosa, iN: Dnillia incrassata, B.; eburnea, n. s., R. [W.Mexico; locality uncertain. 7 Mangelia subdiaphana, J. Conus interruptus, Br. § Sby., B.; ma- hogani, NV.; puncticulatus, N. Eulima hastata, te Eulima, like yod, ts Kulimella, sp. (worn), B Chemnitzia tenuilirata, B. Fasciolaria, sp. [size of talipa, but with row of Enobe and serrated lip], A Latirus castaneus, NV. Volvarina Pfusca, J. [More regularly cylindrical than the W. I. specimens, broader in proportion near suture and at base, spire much shorter; but locality uncertain. ‘| Oliva Julietta, B. worn sp. [prohas bly imported]; Pkaleontina, dead, N. * The collections of Dr. Newberry passed principally into the hands of Dr. E. Fores man, late of Washington, who kindly presented a series to the Mus. Smiths. 154 ON MOLULUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 669 Agaronia testacea, JV. | Nassa collaria, NV. ; ambigua, Mont., teste Rhizocheilus madreporarum. 2 living Hanl., N. [Probably imported. from sp. on coral, J. A/a] Columbella uncinata,/. ; humerosa,n.s., { Anachis coronata, N.; Californica, J. R.; varians, var., V. [?Importedfrom | Muricidea alveata, J. Sandw. Is. } Phyllonotus brassica, NV. The following species are part of a collection received at the Smithsonian Inst. from Real Llejos, an1 fill up gaps which existed in the Central Ameii- can fauna at the time of the first Report :— Discina Cumingii. Ceecum liratocinctum. Trigona Hindsii. Crecum lieve. Hé4micardium obovale. Cerithium interruptum, var. Crassatella gibbosa. Barleeia subtenuis. Kellia suborbicularis. Aricia punctulata, Barbatia mutabilis. Terebra strigata. Noétia reversa. Cerithiopsis assimilata. Axinzea ?multicostata. Tritoris alternata. Fissurella rugosa. Olivella gracilis. Phasianella perforata. Nitidella millepunctata. Omphalius viridulus. Noithia pristis. Hipponyx barbatus. Pisania sanguinolenta. The collections received at the Smithsonian Inst. from Panama consist, in the main, of species already tabulated from that region. The following, however, are new to that well-searched portion of the fauna :— Tellina striata (teste Cuming), . Howell, Pease. Tellina (Angulus) amplectans, n. , Rowell, Pease. Adula stylina. | Califor nian species : either ballast or error in num- Pecten equisuleatus, jun. { bering: Rowell. Litorina, Small spotted species, n. s., teste Cuming, but appears identical with the W. Indian: probably imported: Rowell. Fluminicola, sp., Row oe Drillia albolagueata, n.s., Rowell. Natica catenata, Reale Cuma costata, Rowell. 115. The Pulmonates of the Pacific slope hive not formed a special study with the writer of this Report, as they were already in the abler hands of -Messrs. Binney, Bland, and other eminent Transatlantic naturalists. The opinions of Mr. Binney as to synonymy, &c., with descriptions of new species and details of those previously known, were given in papers pub- lished in the ‘ Proce. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil.’ as follows:—* Descriptions of American Land Shells,’’ Feb. 1857; ‘‘ Notes on American Land Shells,” Oct. 1857, May 1858, Nov. 1858, July 1859: and also in the ‘ Proc. Bost. N. H.5.,’ * Description of two supposed new species of American Land Shells,” Apr. 1857. These are embodied in ‘ The Terrestrial Air-Breathing Molluscs of the United States and the adjacent Territories of North America,’ vol. iv., by W. G. Binney, Boston, 1859. It was first printed in the ‘ Boston Journal of Natural History,’ yall vil., and is intended as a Supplement to the great treatise by his father, vols. 1.-11., on the same subject. It is impossible to speak in too high terms of commendation of the manner in which this work has been prepared and executed, and of the beautiful figures drawn by Otto | Kohler. The more matured views of the author were embodied in the ‘ Check-List of the Terrestrial Gasteropoda of North America,’ published by the Smithsonian Inst., June 1860, of which a second edition was soon issuea, The species were divided into three series,—(1) those of the Pacific coast, 159 670 RrPoRT—18653. trom the extreme north to Mazatlan ; (2) those of eastern N. A.. from the boreal regions to the Rio Grande ; (3) those found in Mexico, to which sixteen from the first series are added. The freshwater Pulmonates are catalogued by the same most industrious author, in the ‘ Check-List of the Fluviatile Gasteropoda of N. America,’ which contains the Melaniade, Paludinidy, Ampullariade, Valvutide, and Limneide ; the West Coast species being dis- tinguished by the letter W, and the Mexican by M. Mr. Binney next under- took a monograph of the Paludinide, &c., the proofs of which were widely distributed in 1862. Afterwards, assisted by the extensive series of speci- mens received from the Smithsonian Museum, and with access to those of the principal public and private collections in the U.8., and with the benefit of Say’s types preserved in the Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., he prepared a preliminary synopsis of the Limneide, with full synonymy, proofs of which were issued by the Smithsonian Inst., May 4th, 1863. Last of all, under date Dec. 9, 1868, the Smithsonian Inst. has distributed proof copies of a complete ‘Synopsis of the Species of Air-Breathing Molluscs of N. A., as eliminated from their synonyms by Mr. Binney’*. Of all these works the author not only sent the earliest slip-proofs to assist in the preparation of this Report, but in several instances took the pains to write separately what related to the W. coast, and even sent the manifold-duplicate of part of the printer’s copy. It is not considered necessary to tabulate each of these publications separately, as they can easily be obtained by post, on application to Professor Henry, Washington, D.C. The following list embodies—(1) the classification and nomenclature of Dec. 9th, 1863; (2) the synonymy as given in previous synopses ; and (3) the localities and authorities supplied by Mr. Binney in MS. The following reservation requires attention :—‘‘ As a mere proof, which will undoubiedly receive many corrections, this list should not be quoted as authority, or referred-to as a published work.” Mr. Binney’s Arrangement of the West Coast Pulmonates, y g t The species thus marked have not been seen by Mr. Binney. PHANEROPNEUMONA. EctropHTHatMa. (None known in the region.) OPISTHOPHTEALMA. Fam. 7runcatellide. 1, Truncatella Californica, Pfr.,+T. gracilenta, Gld. 8S. Diego, Cooper. [Comp, Maz. Cat. no. 423. ] PULMONATA. Gropuma. § 1. Vermivora. Fam. Oleacinide, 2, Glandina (Glandina) turris, Pfr. (= Achatina= Oleacina, Pfr.) W. Mexico. Maz. Cat. no. 231. : : Glandina ‘ Glandina) Albersi, Pfr. (= Achatina, Pfr.).,+ G. Albersi, var. turrita, Cpr. W. Mexico. Maz. Cat. no. 280. * The first Transatlantic attempt to revise the genera of N. A. Helicid@ was made by Mr. Bland, in his “ Remarks on Classifications of N. A. Helices by European authors, and especially H. and A. Adams and Albers,” printed in the ‘ Annals of the Lyceum ot Nat. Hist. N. York,’ Oct. 1863. In an addendum, he gives a list of the Pacific species, with an account of two “genera” not represented in the eastern division. Mr. Binney, continuing Mr. Bland’s labours, issues the species for the most part in the trmomial nomenclature, which now appears to be taking the place of the Linnean binomial system. No attempt is here made to review the work, as the writer felt justified in doing with reference to marine shells; the only alterations made consisting of corrections in some of the citations with which he happened to be aa familiar. li — 9 0° ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 071 § 2. Phyllovora. Fam. Helicide. Subfam. Vetrinine. +4. Vitrina Pfeifferi, Newe. Carson Valley, Cal., Newcomb, 5. Binneya notabilis, Cp. Catalina Island, Cal., Cooper. 6. Macrocyclis Newberryana, Bin. 8. Diego, common, Newberry. 7. Macrocyclis Vancouverensis, Lea, Helix V., Lea, Trosch., Pfr., Gld., Rve.,= H. vellicata, Fbs., Rve., Pfr., + H. concava, Binn. VANCOUVER TO CALI- FORNIA :—Columbia R., Nuttall, U.S. E. E.; Puget Sound, U.S. EF. EF. ; Vancouver, B. N. P. B. S.; Oregon City, Newberry ; California, Trowbridge ; St. Joseph’s R., 2nd Camp. 7b. Macrocyclis {Pvar.| sportella*, Gld. Puert Sp. to S. Dreco :—Puget Sd., U.S. E. E.; Fort Umpqua, Oregon ; 8. Diego, Ives, Newberry ; S. Francisco, Mus. Cal. Ac. ; Contra Costa Co., Thomson. “ Animal solitary.” Subfam. Helicine. &, Helix (Patula) strigosa, Gid. InrTER1oR Bastin; N. Mexico To Brit. AM.3 —Int. of Oregon, U. S. E. E.; Canon Largo, Rio Pedro, N. M., Newberry, 9. Helix (Patula) Cooperi, Bin. California. 10. He'tx (Patula) Mazatlanica, Pfr. Mazatlan. ll. Helix (Polygyra) acutedentata, Bin.,+ H. Loisa, Bin. Guaymas. Mazatlan, Gumbel. 12. Helix (Polygyra) ventrosula, Pfr. [No locality given: not “ Ww.” in Check- Lists. | 13. Helix (Polygyra) polygyrella, Bland. “Ww.” [teste Check-List, not in MS.] 14. Helix (Stenotrema) germana, Gld. Oregon, U.S. 1. E. 15. Helix ( Triodopsis) Mullani, Bland. WAsHINGTON TERRITORY AND OREGON: —St. Joseph’s River, Ist Camp. 16. Helix ( Triodopsis) luricata, Gld., Pfr.,= H. Lecontei, Lea. Sacramento River, U.S. E. E. 17. Helix (Mesodon) Columbiana, Lea, Trosch., Rve., Pfr.,+ H. labiosa, Gld., Ptr. VANCOUVER TO OREGON :—Ft. Vancouver, Nuttall; Ft. George, U.S. LL. 3; Nootka Sound, Hinds; Astoria, Drayton; Oregon City, Newberry. 18. Helix (Mesodon) devia, Gld., Pir., =H. Baskervillei, Pfr., Rve. Puget Sound, U. S. E. E.; Oregon. 19. Helix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Miill., Rve., Pfr.,= H. Nuttalliana, Rve., Trosch., Gld. VANCOUVER TO OREGON :—Puget Sound,Columbia River, U.S. £. E.; Esquimault Harb., Zord; Umpqua Valley, Or., and San Francisco, New- berry; De Fuca, Gibbs; Oregon City, Shumard; It. Steilacoom, Suckley. 20. Helix (Aglaia) infumata, Gld. San Francisco, Bigelow. 21. Helix (Arianta) arrosa, Gld., =H. e@ruginosa, Gld. (nom. preoc.). OREGON, CALIFORNIA :—San Francisco, Bigelow, Samucls; Petaluma and Columbia River, Newberry. 22. Helix (Arianta) Townsendiana, Lea, Trosch., Rve., Pfr., Gld.,+ H. pedestris +ruda, Gid. OrrGon AND CatLirorntA:—Wahlamat River, Nuttall, Townsend, U. S. E. E.; Nisqually, Dyes.; Puget Sound, Kennerley. 23. Helix (Arianta) tudiculata, Binn. WaAsHINGTON TERRITORY TO CALIFORNIA: —San Diego, Newberry. 24. Helix (Arianta) Nickliniana, Lea,= H. Californiensis, Rve., Pfr. (non Lea), =H. arboretorum+nemorivaga, Val.—Var. = H. anachoreta, Binn. “ Widely distributed, but solitary,” Thompson. CALIFORNIA :—Sacramento River, U. S. E. E.; San Francisco, Bigelow ; Tomales, Newberry. 25. Helix (Arianta) redimita, Binn. (jun.),=H. Nickliniana, var. Binn. (sen.). California. : * In the Check-List of Dec. 9th, sportella does not appear. It is generally treated by Mr. Binney as a small variety of Vancouverensis, with stronger radiating and spiral lines ; but in the MSS. sent for publication in this Report it takes rank asa species. Mr. Bland considers the two identical; yet in Add. Gen. the form is thus divided :—‘‘ Iberus (Cam- pylea) sportella, in fam. Helicide,”’ and “ Discus Vancouverensis, in fam. Stenopide.” In Albers it is divided as “ Macrocyclis vellicata,’ “ M. Vancouverensis,” aud “ Helix (Patula) sportella.” 157 REPORT—1863. . Helix (Arianta) intercisa, Binn. (jun.),=H. Nicklinana, var. Binn. (sen), Oregon. . Helix (Arianta) exarata, Pfr. California. . Helix (Arianta) reticulata, Pfr. California. . Helix (Arianta) ramentosa, Gld. California, Nevwcomb. . Helix (Arianta) Ayrestana, Newe. Northern Oregon. . Helix (Arianta) Bridgesti, Newe. San Pablo, California, Newcomb. 12. Helix (Arianta) Carpentert, Newe. Tulare Valley, California. | Not Carpen- tertana, Bland ; Florida. ] } udelix (2 Arianta) Califor niensis, Lea, Trosch., Dekay (non auct.),=H. vincta, Val., Rve., Pfr. CALIFORNIA :—Interior ay Cal, U.S. FE. E.; Monterey, Ives. . Helix (Arianta) Mormonum, Pir. Mormon Is., California. . Helix (Arianta) Dupetithouarsi, Desh., Rve., Pfr., + H. Oregonensis, Trosch., Dekay, Pfr. Wasnineton TE RRITORY To CaLiFornta. Interior of Cal., U.S. E. E.; Puget Sound, Dyes.; Klamath Lake and Benicia, Newberry ; Tulan Lake, Cal. ; Monterey, Trowbridge ; San Diego, Ives. . Helix (Arianta) Pr askit, Newce. Los Angelos, California, Newcomb. . He hx (Arianta) Kellettii, Fbs., Rve., Pir. Sta. B arbara, Kellett and Wood ; San Diego, teste Gould. 38. Helix (Arvanta) Pandore, Fbs., Rve., Pfr..=H. damascenus, Gld. Sta. Bar- bara, Kellett and Wood; Desert East of California, Mus. Newcomb. . Helix (Arianta) levis, Pfr.,+var. 8. Columbia River. . Helix (Euparypha) areolata, Sby., Pfr., Phil., Rve. y+vars. B.y. PENINSULA oF LOWER CALIFORNIA. [Margarita Bay, ‘Pease: * . Columna (Rhodea) Californica, Ptr. [ Achatina, Pfr., Rve. | Subfam. Orthalicine. . Bulimulus (Liostracus [not Letostraca, Add.})'Zieglert, Pfr. Mazatlan, Reigen. . Bulimulus Mexicanus ¢, Lam., Deless., Pfr, Rve. (non Val.),= C ochloyena vittata, Fér. Mazatlan, Reivzen. | . Bulimulus (Mesembrinus) pallidior, Sby.,=B. vegetus, Gld., teste Cum., Binn. San DieGo To Cape St. Lucas :—C. 8. Lucas, Xantus. . Bulimulus (Mesembrinus) excelsus, Gd. (text),= B. elatus, Gld. (fig.). San 1,8. Lucas, Xantus. Dira@o To Cape St. Lucas . Bulimulus (Mesembrinus) inscendens, Binn, LOWER CALIFORNIA :—Margarita Bay, and C. 8. Lucas, Xartus. t47. Bulbinudus ( Thaumastus) Culifornicus, Rye. +48. Bulimulus (? Mormus) sufflatus,Gld., =p vesicalis, Gld. (nom. preoc.). Lower CALIFORNIA. 49, Bulimulus (? Mormus) pilula, Binn. Lowrr Catirornra:—Todos Santos Mission, Marearita Is., Xantes. 50. Bulimulus (Scutalus) proteus, Brod. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. 51. Bulimulus (Seutalus) Xantust, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. 52. Bulinudus (Peroneus {non Per onea, Poli|) artemisia, Binn, Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. 53. Orthalicus (Orthalicus) zebra, Mill., Pfr. Mazatlan, Reigen. pee Eastern 60d. Orthalicus (Orthalicus) undatus, Fer, . Pfr. § “ Mazatlan.” slope. +54. 755. 56. 3 Nine! ‘ Subfam. Pupine. Pupa (Pupilla) Rowellit, Newe. San Francisco, Rowell. Pupa (Pupilla) Californica, Row. San Francisco, Rowell. Pupa (Leucochila) chordata, Pfr. Cinaloa, Mexico. See also Dr. Newcomb’s new species, tabulated in pp. 609, 633, t Included among the doubtful species by Mr. Binney ; but the shells so named in the Cat., no. 234 (perhaps erroneously), was certainly found on opening the Mazatlan boxes by "Mr. Archer. § Mr. Binney follows Pfr., in his later works, in separating these P varieties. The shells in the Reigen Collection were clearly conspecific. Vide Maz. Cat., no. 232. 158 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 673 Subfam. Succinne. $57. Sucen.cu* (Succinea) Hawkinsi, Baird. British Columbia, Lord. $58. Succinea (Succinea) cingulata, Fbs. Mazatlan, Kellett and Wood. 59. Succinea (Succinea) rusticana, Gld. OrrGon and CaLirornia :—Oregon, U.S. E. E.; Ocogo Creek, California, Williamson. &C. Suecinea (Succinea) Nuttalliana, Lea. “Scarcely differs from S. ovalis, Hudson River,” Gld. ORrEGoN AND CALIFoRNIA:—Lewis’s River, Or., Nuétall ; In- terior of Oreg., U. S. EZ. £.; Wright’s Lake, Rhell’s Lake, Cal., Newberry. GJ, Succinea (Succinea) Oregonensis, Lea. “ Resembles S. aurea,” Gld. OREGON AND CaLiIForniA :—Oregon, Nuttall. San Francisco, Rowell. Subfam. Limacine. 62. Limax t (Amalia) Columbianus,Gld. Puarr Sounp To San FRANCISCO :— Puget Sound, U. 8S. E. E., Dyes; Oregon City and Cape Flattery, Wil- liamson ; San Francisco and Port Oxford, Trowbridge ; Nisqually, Case. Fam. Arionide. Subfam. Arionine. 63. Arion (Lochea) foliolatus,Gld. Puget Sound, U. S. E. E., Pickering. Subfam. Zonttire. 64. Zonites § (gopis) cultellata, Thoms. “ Closely resembles the Dalmatian H, albamica and acies.” Contra Costa Co., Cal., common, Z’homson. Fam. Onchidiade. 65. Onchidium Carpenteri, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. Limnopuita. Fam. Auriculide. & Subfam. Melampine. 66. Melampus olivaceus, Cpr. San DreGo To MazaTian :—Mazatlan, Rergen ; San Diego, Blake, Cooper. 67. Pedipes lirata, Bin. Lower Catirornta:—C.S. Lucas, Xantus ; San Diego, Cooper. Fam. Limneide. Subfam. Limneine. 68. Limnea (Limnea) stagnalis, Linn.,+ L. jugularis, Say, Hald., De Kay, Nist., Binn. (1st list),+ Z. appressa, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist., C. B. Ad..+ Z. spe- ciosa, Zieg]. Hurops, Asta, AMERICA :—Rhett Lake, California, Newberry ; Ruby Valley and S. Utah, Captain Simpson. Fort Simpson and Hudson's Bay, common; throughout British America and northern tier of U. 8,, from Vermont to Pacific, teste Binn. [Var.=H. fragilis, Linn., ‘teste Hanl., Ips. Linn. Conch. p. 385; non Rve., Binn. (1st list). | 69. Limnea (Limnea) lepida, Gld. Lake Vancouver, U. S. E. E. 70. Limnea (Limnophysa) reflera, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist.,4+ Z. elongata, Say, LL. umbrosa, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist.,+ Z. exilis+ L. Haydeni, Lea. San Francisco, Rowell. Also through British America and northern tier of States from New York to Pacific; teste Binn. ‘ $71. Limnea (Limnophysa) Sumassit, Baird ||. * So great is the difficulty of ascertaining (even approximately) the specific relations of Succinee without a comparison at least of single specimens, that Mr. Binney considers it safest, until series have been examined, simply to quote the species which have been de- scribed by other authors. He has followed the same course with Ancylus, and for the same reason. ~ “Has a pore. Why not Arion? ””— Binney, in MS. list. § This appears among “ doubtful species” in the MS., but is printed in the text of the Check- List. || Probably a variety of palustris= Nuttalliana, Lea. British authors have as yet had but poor opportunities of studying typically-named American freshwater Pulmonate-, 159 O74 REPORT—1 863. 72. Limnea (Limnophysa) palustris, Mill. et auct.,=Z. fragilis (as ofVinn.), Hald., De Kay, Binn. (Ist list), Rve. (hodie). [Non Linn., teste Hanl. in Ips. Linn. Conch., p. 3885]. +2. elodes, Say, Gld., C. B. ‘Ad. Kiust.,4+ 2. Nutta!- hana, Lea, Kust., ?+ LZ. plebeia, Gila. Sia expansa, Hald., De Kay, Kiist. NoRTHERN Europe, ASIA, AND AMERICA: —Columbia River, “Natiall Puget Sound, Kennerley; Klamath Lake and Summer Lake, Or.; R hett Lake and Wright's Lake, Cal., Newberry: Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch : San Francisco, Rowell ; Monterey, Canfield ; Porcupine and Yuckron Rivers, Rus. America, Renueett Also from Pennsylvania westward to Pacific, and trom this line northwards, wherever searched, even to interior of Russian Ame- rica; teste Binn. 73. Limnea (Limnophysa) proxima, Lea. San Francisco, Cooper. Arroya San Antonio, J'rask. 74. Limnea(Limnophysa) emarginata, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist.,=Z. Ontarionsis, Muhlf., Kiist.,Z. serrata, Hald. Nrw ENGLAND To Wasuincton Ter- RITORY, 79. Limnea (Limnophysa) catascopium, Say, Hald., Gld., De Kay, Mrs. Gray Pot. & Mich., Kiist., + Z. pinguis, Say (non Dohrn), as74 Virginiana, Lam., Desh., Deless., = Z. cornea, Val., = L. sericata, Ziegl. New ENGLaxD T9 Lewis "RIVER, AND THROUGH BRITISH AMERICA; teste Binn. 76. Limnea (Limnophysa) Adeline, Tryon. San Francisco. 7. Limnea ( Limnophysa) Trashii, Tryon. Mountain Lake, California. 8. Limnea (Limnophysa) pallida, C. B. Ad., Hald., De Kay. San Francisco, Rowell; San Antonio Arroya, teste Lea, 79. Limnea (Limnophysa) bulimoides, Lea, Hald., De Kay. Fort Vancouver. San Francisco, Rowell. Also Eastern States, (Check-List.) 80. Limnea (Limnophysa) solida, Lea, Hald., De Kay,+Z. apicina, Lea, Wiist. | Oregon. Also Eastern States, (Cheek- List. ) 81. Limnea (Limnophysa) ferruginea, Hald., De Kay. Oregon. 82. Pompholyx effusa, Lea, Add. Pitt River, Jewberry; Sacrarhento Miver, teste Lea 83. Physa ( Physa) Lordi, Baird. British Columbia, Lord; east of Fort Colville, W.T., Am. N. P. B. As v. 84. Physa (Physa) gyrina, Say, De Kay, Kiist., C. B. Ad., Hald.,= Ph. ellintica, Lea, De Kay,+ Ph. cylindrica, De Kay, 4 Ph Mm drethiana, Lea. Wash- ine fon Mersito: ‘y, Cavtain Simpson ; San Francisco, Rovell. 85. Physa (Physa) ampullacea, Gld.,=Ph. bullata, Gld. (non Pot. & Mich.). Oregon, Cooper; Lakes Rhett and Upper Klamath, Newberry. | 86. Physa ( Physa) Gabbu, Tryon. Sta, Ana Riy., Angelos Co. Also Mountain \ Lake, California. 87. Physa (Physa) heterostropha, Say, Gould, C. B. Ad., Desh., Miist., De Kay, | Mrs. Gray, Pot. & Mich., Eaton Ph Fontana, ’ Hald. t+ Ph. cylindrica, | Newe. Ph, aurea, Lea, De Kay + Ph. plicata, + Ph. glabra, De Kay, + P2. osculans, Hald. (part), + Ph. striata, + Ph. subarata, Mke.,+ Ph. Charpentieri, i +Dh. Phillip, Wiist., + Ph. elliptica, + Ph. inflata, Lea,= Bulla crassula, Dillw., =B. fontinalis, Chemn., Schroter,= Cochlea neritoides, List. Nort i {MERICA A, passim :—Chiloncynck, Kenner ley; Hell Gate River, Newberry ; | San Francisco and W ashington Territory, Cooper; Los Angeles, teste Lea. Also from Texas to British America and ’Arctic regions, and from Atlantic | to Pacific, teste Binn. +88. Physa (Physa) costata, Newe. Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch. | 89. Physa (Physa) virginea, Gld. San Francisco, Rowell. 90. Physa (Physa) humerosa,Gld. Rio Colorado, Willamson; San Diego, P. R. R. L. | 91. Physa (Physa) virgata, Gld. San Diego, Webb; Los Angelos; Cal. Ac. N.S. , | | several of which are perhaps but modifications of cireumboreal species which have been already traced to Eastern Asia. Even the series in Mus. Cum. are far from being accurate or complete. The inflexible rules of the British Museum have not yet allowed a single h specimen of Dr, Baird’s species to be transmitted to America, even for comparison. | ; ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 675 92. Physa (Thysa) triticea, Lea, Binn. MSS.* California, Cooper. $93. Physa (Physa) concolor, Hald. Oregon. 94. Bulinus t (Bulinus) aurantius, Cpr. [=Aplewa, auct.: v. Maz. Cat. p. 179),=5 ’ Ph. Peruviana, Mke. [non D’Orb.}. Mazatlan, Reigen. 95. Bulinus (Bulinus) elatus, Gld. Mazatlan, Retgen. 96. Bulinus (Bulinus) hypnorum, Linn., Hald., C. B. Ad., Chen. et auct.,=P%. elongata, Say, Gld., De Kay,= Ph. elongatina, Lewis. NortHERN Europe, AsiA, AMERICA. Puget Sound, Cooper; common at junction of Yukron and Porcupine Rivers, Russ. Amer., Kennicott. Through Brit. and Russ America, and from Iansas to Washington, D. C.; teste Binn. Subfam. Planorbine. 97. Planorbis (Planorbis) subcrenatus §, Cpr. Oregon, Nuttall. [PPuget Sound, Kennerley. | 98. Planorbis ( Planorbis) twmens, Cpr.,=P. tenagophila, Mke. (non D’Orb.),=P, affins, Cpr. {Cat. Prov.,non C. B. Ad.| Mazatlan, Melchers, Reigen. San Francisco, Cooper; Petaluma, teste Gld. 99. Planorbis (Planorbis) vermicularis, Gld. 100. Planorbis (Helisoma) ammon, Gld., =P. Traskei, Lea. Kiamath Lake, Or. and Rhett Lake, Cal., Newberry. Ocogo Creek, Cal., Williamson; Kern Lake, Cal., Cooper; Monterey Co., Trask; Lagoons, Sacramento Valley, teste Lea. 101. Planorbis (Helisoma) corpulentus, Say, Hald., De Kay, Gld., Chenu, =P. tr?- volwis (pars), C. B. Ad. Columbia River, abundant, U. S. £. E. Also Eastern States. 102. Planorbis (Helisoma) trivolvis, Say, De Kay, Gld., Hald., C. B. Ad., Kiist., Pot. & Mich., Eaton= Bulla fluviatilis, Say,+ Pl. regularis, Lea, + Pl. meyastuma + Physa planorbula, De Kay,+ Pl. macrostomus+ Pl. corpulentus, W hiteaves, + Pl. lentus, Gld.,+ Pl. trivolvis, var. fallax, Hald.,= Cochleat rium -orbium, Lister, Petiver. Puget Sd., Campbell; Wright’s Lake, Cal., Newberry: Ft. Vancouver, Cooper}; San Francisco, Rowell; 8. Diego; Mus. Smiths. ; Horn Lake, teste Lea. Probably extends over whole continent, teste Binn. 103. Planorbis (Menetus) opercularis, G1d.,= P. planulatus, Coop. 8. Francisco, U. 8. Expl. Exp.; Whidby’s Is., Cal., Cooper. 104. Carinifex || Newberryi, Lea. Klamath Lake and Canoe Creek, Cal., Newberry; Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch. ; Subfam. Ancyline. 105. Ancylus Newberryi, Lea. Klamath Lake, Newberry. $106. Ancylus crassus, Hald. “W.” [{Check-List. ] 107. Ancylus caurinus, Coop. California, Cooper. 108. Ancylus patelloides, Lea. S, Francisco, Cooper; Arroya, San Antonio, Cal., Mus. Smith. $109. Ancylus Kootaniensis, Baird. Brit. Columbia, Lord. 110. Ancylus fragilis, Tryon. “ W.” [Check- List. | lll. Acroloxus Nuttalli, Wald. [ Velletia N., Binn. in list, May 4th.] Oregon, Mit. 112. Gundlachia Californica, Rowell. * So in first printed list and in two MSS.; but in Check-List of Dec. 9, Ph. Troos- tiana, Lea, is assigned to the West, instead of this species. The MSS. are probably correct. { Non Bulinus, Sby., olim,= Bulimus, auct. However clearly Bulinus, Binn., may be right according to the antiquaries, it is far too like Bulimus, which has taken complete possession of the entire malacological world, to be allowed a resurrection in the same order. Surely burial for a given number of years ought to be allowed as evidence of death, especially if the infant-name scarcely even breathed the air of use, and its resur- rection would breed malaria among terms thriving in the vigorous manhood of universal acceptance. ; § It is quite possible that this may prove avery finely grown specimen of P. lentus. Dr. Kennerley’s shells are intermediate. || Thus in Check-List, Dec. 9th. In that of May 4th, it appears as Planorbis N.; in the MS. list as Carini/era, 11 161 676 REPORT—1863. Suborder THALASSOPHILA. Fam. Siphonariade. +113. Siphonaria lecantum, Phil.: [Var.=S. maura, Sby. Var. palmata,Cpr., is ossibly distinct. Mazatlan, 2. B. Philippi, Reigen; Acapulco, Jewett ; ‘ape St. Lucas, Xantus. | 7114. Stphonaria equilirata, Cpr.,[= S. equilorata, Rve. Mazatlan, Reigen; C. Se Lucas, Xantus; Margarita Bay, very fine, teste Pease. | T115. "Stphonaria thersites, Cpr. Neeah Bay, Swan. ] Doubtful, spurious, and extralimital species :— Helix aspersa, Mill. “Sta. Barbara,” Kellett and Wood. [Imported.] Felix arbustorum, Linn. ; Helix Sagraiana, D’Orb. [ Certainly Cuban. ] Helix “ Sandiegoénsis, Lea.” Gld., P. Rh. R., vol. vy. p. 331. “No such sp. da= scribed,” teste Binney. Helix pereyrina, Bose. Bulimus Humboldti, Rve. ?“ Mazatlan.” Bulimus Laurentii, Shy. “ Sitka:” probably Sitcha in San Salvador, teate Binney. Melania | Bulimus] striata, Perry. [ Vide antea, p. 520. } Succinea aperta, Lea,= 8. rotundata, Gld. Sandwich Is., U.S. Expl. Exp. tPhysa Maugeriea, Gray, teste Woodward, Manual, p.171; but probably equa- torial 8S. America. + Siphonaria amara, { Nutt. Admitted into the list by Mr. Binney, on the autho- rity of Rve., as of Nutt.; but it lives on the Sandwich Is. ; teste Pease, New- comb, U.S. E. £.]. 116. The Smithsonian Institution has lately issued a ‘“ Descriptive Cata- logue of the species of Amnicola, Vivipara, Bithynia, Valvata, and Ampul- laria,” by Mr. W. G. Binney. It is abundantly illustrated with outline- woodcuts, and contains the synonymy corrected from all the accessible types. Dr. Stimpson is at present engaged in dissecting the molluscs; but none of his investigations have yet been published. The following is a résumé of the West Coast species, from a proof kindly furnished by the author. Page. Fig. 4. Amunicola lenginqua, Gld., Bost. Proc. v. 130. Colorado Desert, Blake. 5. 6. Amnicola protea, Gld., Bost. Proc. v. 129. Colorado Desert, Blake, Webb. 12. 45. Vivipara, Lam.,= Paludina, Lam. {This genus, so fine and plentiful east of the Rocky Mountains, does not appear on the west. | 44. ,, Paludina Nuttalliana, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. vi. p. 101, pl. 25. f. 109. [In text. In later manuscript list, this name appears as a synonym of | Fluminicola (Stimps., MS.) Nattallit, Lea, = Amnicola Nuttalliana, Cp., Minn. Rep. p. 374, = Leptoats Nuttall, Hald., = Anculosus Nuttallit, Rve. ?+ Paludina seminalis, Hds. (p. 46, f. 81). [? +P. Hinds, Baird.| Co- lumbia River, Nuttall, Cooper; Upper des Chutes Riy. and Klamath Lake, Or., Newberry; Roques R., Or.; Sacramento R., Hinds; Brit. Columbia, Lord; Canoe Creek and Pitt River, Cal., Newberry. 46. 80. Bithinia nuclea, Lea, = Paludina n., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. vi. p. 91, pl. 23. f.103 {in text. In later MS. list, appears as synonym of | F/mnicola virens, Lea (Paludina v., Lea; Leptoxis v., Hald.),+ Paludina nuclea, Lea. Wahlamat River, Oregon, Nuttall [ Willamette, MS. list}. The following are added by Mr. Binney in his later MS. list :— Valvata virens, Tryon. Clear Lake, Calif. [The Smithsonian duplicates have been unfortunately distributed under the name “ V. sincera, Say,” which had been previously given to the specimens, and under which they are quoted in the Check-List of 1860, no. 456. According to Mr. B., V. sincera is “ like 162 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 677 ecarinate forms of V. tricarinata, Say,” to which the Clear Lake specimens bear but slight resemblance. | fomatiopsis Binneyt, Tryon. Fluminicola fusca, Hald. (Leptoxis f.). Shores of Lake Utah, Capt. Burton. 117. Of the West Coast species of Melaniade we are unable to offer any list embracing the synonymy, as the materials are at present in the hands of Mr. Tryon for elimination, and his labours are not yet sufficiently advanced to furnish a report. His Manual of the North American Melaniade will be published by the Smithsonian Institution. The animals of many species have already been dissected by Dr. Stimpson*. It 1s unfortunate that in the two most important branches of North American freshwater molluscs, the Me- laniadee and the Unionide, there exists a radical difference of opinion between the leading writers, which has sometimes assumed the appearance of per- sonal animosity. Malacologists east of the Atlantic, unwilling to become partisans when the leading nomenclators of the rival schools are equally honoured, have to a great extent declined to pay attention to the unexhausted riches of the American waters, regarding any settlement of the disputed points as hopeless. Dr. Isaac Lea, who has spared no expense in illustrating his publications of the results of a life-long study, follows the restrictions on the priority-rule allowed by the British Association Committee. Other writers, however, claim a certainty in identifying the supposed species of Rafinesque and other similarly inaccurate authors, which would be considered by most English naturalists as not warranted by the few loose words of de- scription given. It would be well if the student were permitted to start from the first carefully ascertained landmark, rather than from the defaced tracks of the first hunter. In the Check-List of North-American Fluviatile Gasteropods, published by the Smithsonian Institution, June 1860, which contains the names of 405 (supposed) species of Melania, Lithasia, Gyrotoma, Leptowis, and Jo, Mr.Binney assigns the following eleven to the West Coast. None of them are accredited to the eastern division. 45. Melania bulbosa, Gld. | 249. Melania Shastaénsis, Lea. Shasta 104. Melania exigua, Cony. and Scott Rivers. 166. Melania Menkeana, Lea. 243. Melania silicula, Gld. [= M. plici- 174. Melania Newberryt, Lea. era, small var., teste Lea. | 177. Melania nigrina, Lea. Clear Creek, | 296. Melania Wahlamatensis, Lea. Shasta Co. 297. Melania Warderiana, Lea. 211. Melana plicifera, Lea. 360. Melania fusca, Hald. 118. Dr. Lea’s Check-List of the Unionide (June 1860), after eliminating synonyms, assigns to America, north of Mexico, no fewer than 552 species of Unio, Margaritana, and Anodonta. The type-specimens of the species described by Dr. Gould from the United States Exploring Expedition were submitted to Dr. Lea’s inspection, and confirmed his previous opinion that they were varieties of those before known. The U. famelicus, Gld., he pro- nounced to be a South-American shell; but it appears, without note, in the Check List, no. 133, probably by oversight. The only widely diffused species is the long-famed ‘ pearl-mussel” of the Conway and other British streams, The following seven are accredited to the Pacific coast :— * See his very interesting and important paper “ On the structural Characters of the so- ealled Melanians of North America,” in the ‘American Journal of Science,’ vol. xxxviii., July 1864, pp. 41-53. It appears that the sexual system is quite distinct’ from that of the ordinary Ctenobranchiate Gasteropods, and approaches the Cyclobranchiates. 163 678 REPORT—1863. 281. Unto Oregonensis, Lea [Comp.534.} | 499. Anodonta Californiensis, Lea. 484. Margaritana margaritifera, Lea. 531, Anodonta Nuttalliana, Lea. { Linn. | 534. Anodonta Oregonensis, Lea. 494. Anodonta angulata, Lea. 501. Anodonta Wahlamatensis, Lea. Besides these, 36 species of Unio and Anodonta are assigned to Mexico and Central America in a separate list; but no distinction is indicated be- tween the Pacific and the Atlantic slope of the mountain-range. 119. At the request of the Smithsonian Institution, Mr. Temple Prime, ot New York, well known for his special devotion to this department, has con- sented to prepare a Manual of the Cyrenide inhabiting American waters. All the accessible materials from the West Coast are in his hands for exami- nation. The first part of his ‘“‘ Monograph of the Species of Spherium of North and South America” is printed in the ‘ Proc. Ac. N. Sc. Phil.’ 1861, pp. 402 et seq., and contains quotations of five species, nos. 4, 7, 9, 10, 1i, with synonymy, from Washington Ter., Oregon, and California. He has kindly (in advance of his intended publications) furnished to Mr. W. G. Bin- ney the following MS. ‘Synopsis of the Corbiculidee of the West Coast of North America,” with liberty to publish in this Report. It is here condensed, with synonyms and references, in the nomenclature of the writer. Mr. Prime’s List of West North-American Corbiculidee* [Cyrenidee ]. . Corbicula convexa, Desh., P.Z.S. 1854, p. 342,= C.ventricosa, Pr. MS. Mazatlan. . Cyrena radiata, Hanl., P. Z. 8. 1844, p. 159. Realejo. . Cyrena solida, Phil., Abbild. 1846, p. 78, pl. 15. f.9. Nicaragua; Belize. . Cyrena triangula, V. de Busch, P. Z. 8. 1849, p. 78, pl. 2. f.3,= C. altilis, Gld., Bost. Pr. 1852, p. 400, pl. 16. f. 5 bis, = C. Mexicana, pars, Maz. Cat., no. 165 (= C. varians, cat. prov.). Mazatlan. . Cyrena insignis, Desh., P. Z.S. 1854, p. 20; Tl. Conch. 1861, p. 39, pl. 2. f. 2. California. . Cyrena olivacea, Cpr., Maz. Cat., no. 164,= C. Fontainei, Desh., MS. (non D’Orb., B. M. Cat. no. 253). Mazatlan. Cyrena acuta, Pr., Ul. Conch. 1862, p. 387, pl. 14. £1. Centr. America. . Cyrena Mexicana, Sby., Zool. I. 1829, p. 364 [Maz. Cat., no. 165= |C. varians, cat. prov. pars, + C. fragilis, Desh. MS. + C. equilateralis, Desh., P: Z. 8. 1854, p. 20. Mazatlan. 9. Cyrena Californica, Pr., Proc. A. N.S. Phil. 1860, p. 276,= C. subquadrata, Desh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 21 (nom. preoc.). California. 10. Cyrena Panamensis, Pr., Proc. A. N.S. Phil. 1860, p. 283, = C. inflata, Desh., P. Z.S. 1854, p. 23 (nom. preoc.). Panama. ll. Cyrena Recluzii, Pr.,= C. cordiformis, Recl., Il. Conch. 1853, p. 251, pl. 7. f. 9 (nom. preoc.). Centr. America. 12. Cyrena Cuming, Desh., P. Z.S. 1854, p. 22. Centr. America. 13. Cyrena tumida, Pr.,= C. angulata, Desh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 22 (mom. preoc.). Centr. America. 14. Cyrena pullastra, Morch, Mal. Bl. 1860, p. 194. Realejo. 15. Cyrena maritima, C. B. Ad., Pan. Sh., no. 451. Panama. 16. Cyrena sordida, Hanl., P. Z.S. 1844, p. 159. Central America. 17. Spherium triangulare, Say (Cyclas t.), New Harm. Dissem. 1829, p.356. Mexico. 18. Spherium striatinum, Lam. ( Cyelas s.), An. s. Vert. vol.v. p. 560, 1818,= C. eden- tula, Say, loc. cit. p. 2,= C. cornea (Lam.}, C. B. Ad., Cat., 1847,= C. albula, Pr., Bost. Proc. 1851, p. 155, + C. tenassevata, Pr., p. 156, + C. acuminata, Pr, p 158,+ C. mornata, Pr.,+ C. simplex, Pr.,+ C. modesta, Pr., p.159. Hab. N. York to Alabama, Connecticut to Illinois; Hell-gate River, W. T. 19. Spherium dentatum, Hald. (Cyclas d.), Proc. A. N.S. Phil. 1841, p. 100. Oregon. em COLD eS MOI HD 2 * The name Corhicu’a, having been first given to a species, and being itself a diminu- tive, is scarcely fitted to displace long-used generic appellations in marking the family- group. 164 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 679 20. Spherium occidentale, Pr., Proc. A. N.S. Phil. 1860, p. 295, = C. oval’s, Pr., Bost. Proc. 1852, p. 276 (nom. preoc.), =‘ Sph. ovale, Stn.,’ Add. Gen. vol. ii. fie Hab. New York to Georgia; Vermont to Wisconsin; Heli-gate iver, W. T. 21. Spherium nobile, Gld. (Cyclas n.), Bost. Proc. 1855, p. 229 [Otia, p. 218]. San Pedro, Webb. 22. Spherium patella, Gld. (Cyclas p.), Bost. Proc. 1850, p.292 [Otia, p. 86; E. E. Moll. f. 527, type not returned to S. I.] Oregon. 23. Spherium Spokani, Baird [P. Z.S. 1863, p. 69, f. 12, 13: antea, p. 605]. B. Col. 24. Spherium tumidum, Baird [P. Z.S. 1865, p. 69, f. 11: anted, p.605}. B. Col. 25. Spherium meridionale, Pr., Proc. Ac. N.S. Phil. 1861, p.414. Panama; Mus. Prime. 26. Spherium lenticula, Gld. (Lucina * 1.), Bost. Proc. 1850, p. 256. California. 27. Spherium subtransversum, Pr., P. Z.S. 1860, p. 322. Mexico. 28. Pisidium abditum, Hald. [Pubi]= Cyclas minor, C. B. Ad. Bost. Proc. 1841, p 48, = P. obscurum, Pr., Bost. Proc. 1851, p. 161,+ P. Kurtz, Pr., p. 162, + P. zonatum, Pr., p. 162,4 P. regulare, Pr., Bost. Il. vi. 363, pl. 12. f. 11-13, 1852, + P. notatum, Pr., Bost. IL vi. 365, pl. 12. f. 20-22, 1852,4 P. amplum + P. resartum, Ingalls, MS.,+ P. rubrum+P. plenum, Lewis, MS., + P. retuswn, Pr., P. Z.S. 1859, p. 322. 29. Pisidiwm occidentale, Newe. [ Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1861, p. 94]. San Fran- cisco, Rowell. 120. Of the tertiary fossils throwing light on existing species no addi- tional information has yet been published. We cannot but hope that the researches of Mr. Gabb, on the fossils collected by the Californian Geological Survey, will develope relations of great interest between the existing and former conditions of the continent. The Astorian fossils described by Mr. Conrad from the U. 8. Exploring Expedition (vol. x., Geology, Philadelphia, . 1849), and tabulated in the first Report, p. 367, belong to the Smithsonian Institution, but were not discovered therein 1860. All of them, however (in- cluding the indeterminate species), are figured in the atlas of plates. They resemble the fossils of the Pacific Railroad Expeditions in being very imper- fect, for which reason the following criticisms may prove erroneous. ‘he general aspect of the collection betokens the Miocene period. Mya abrupta, Conr., may be the young of Glycimeris generosa, Gd. Thracia trapexoides, Conr., may be curta, Conr. Solemya ventricosa, Conr., has the aspect of a large Lazaria. Tellina arctata, Conr., closely resembles Macoma, var. expansa. Tellina emacerata, Conr., is perhaps Bodegensis, Hds. Lucina acutilineata, Conr., appears to be borealis, Linn. Cardita subtenta, Conr.,= Venericardia borealis, Cony. Nucula divaricata, Conr.,= Acila castrensis, Hds. Pectunculus patulus, Conr., may be septentrionalis, Midd. Pectunculus nitens, Conr., resembles Psephis tantilla, Gld. Pecten propatulus, Conr. A very fine specimen, enclosed in a large nodule from Oregon, was presented to the Brit. Mus. by Mr. C. Pace. If not identical with Amusium caurinum, Gld., it is most closely allied, especially to the Japanese form. * Mr. Prime assigns no reason for changing Dr. Gould’s Lucina into a Cyclas, nor any authority for “ California.” He was, perhaps, misled by the artist’s engraved references to the figures 528, a, >, where he has drawn a rule, referring to the Cyclades above, instead of writing Zucina. It is assigned to ‘‘?Coast of Patagonia” in ‘ Otia,’ p. 63, and to “?R. Janeiro” in ‘ E. E. Moll.” p.414. In each place the shell is compared to an As/ar/e or Cyprina, with lateral teeth. The type was not returned to the Smithsonian Institution ; but the diagnosis states that it is “chalky, thickened within the deep and jagged pallial hne, sculpture faint but decussated, and margin finely crenulated,’—characters more con- sistent with Lucina, s.g. Myrtea, than with Cyclas. If the type cannot be recovered, per= haps the species may be dropped, as it is not the Lucina (Myrtea) lenticula, Rve. 165 680 REPORT—1863. Tercbratila nitens, Conr., is very probably Waldhetmia pulvinata, Gd. Bulla petrosa, Conr., has the shape of Tornatina eximia, Bd. Crepidula prorupta, Conr., is certainly princeps, Midd. Turritella, sp. ind., resembles Mesalia lacteola. ?Dolivm petrosum, Conr., resembles the young of Priene nodosa, Chemn. Fusus geniculus, Cony. A similar shell has just been taken at the Farallones by Dr. Cooper. 121. To correct the general table of “Mollusca of the West Coast of N. America’’ (First Report, pp. 298-845), and the deductions founded upon it (pp. 346-367), would involve the necessity of reprinting a considerable por- tion. The student, being now in possession of all the known sources of fresh information, can with his own peu strike out the spurious species, alter the synonyms, insert the newly discovered forms, and make the requisite corrections in the elassified results.’ 122. With regard to the tropical fauna, the researches at Cape St. Lucas and in the interior of the Gulf of California, though leaving much to be desired, bear-out the general conclusions arrived-at in paragraphs 78-87, The evidence for the identity of specific forms on the Atlantic and Pacific sides of Central America has been greatly confirmed. Dr. Gould writes, ‘‘The doctrine of local limitations meets with so few apparent exceptions that we admit it as an axiom in zoology that species strongly resembling each other, derived from widely diverse localities, especially if a continent intervenes, and if no known or plausible means of communication can be assigned, should be assumed as different until their identity can be proved (vide E. KE. Moll. Intr. p. xi). Much study of living specimens must be made before _ the apparent exceptions can be brought under the rule.” It has, however, to be borne in mind that the researches of modern geology clearly point to considerable alterations in the existing configuration of continents, and m the consequent direction of ocean-currents, during the ascertained period ef many species now living. Nor are we warranted in the belef that the existing fauna in any locality has been created at any one time, or has radiated from any single spot. To study the relations of living shells simply in connexion with the existing map of the world must lead but to partial results. The facts accumulating with regard to the British species, by tracing them threugh the northern drift (now found even on the Snowdonian range), to the oldest crag deposits when Europe was contained in far different boundaries, show how altered may have been the configuration of the new world when the oldest of its molluscs were first created. Coordinately with the glacial period, Central America may have been a group of islands; co- ordinately with the creation of Saaicava pholadis and Chrysodomus antiquus, the gulf-weed may have floated between the Rocky Mountains in the archipelago of West America, and Japanese molluscs may have known how to migrate to the Mediterranean shores. Dr. Gould’s position may there- fore be accepted in theory ; yet, in practice, the ‘‘ imperfection of the geological record” *, and even of our knowledge of existing species and their variations, demands that the greatest caution be exercised in building results on deduc- tions from our ignorance. Already the fossil Malea ringens of the Atlantic has proved a “ Rosetta Stone” to interpret the Cyprea exanthema, Purpura patula, and other Caribbean shells of the Pacific ; and as the geology of the West Coast advances, so may we expect to find traces of previous denizens of * No student of geographical distribution should omit to weigh carefully the chapter on this subject in Darwin’s ‘ Origin of Species,’ and the information given in Lyell’s * Antiquity of Man,’ 166 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 681 American waters, which have bequeathed some species now flourishing, and others dying-out, to the existing seas. ‘The present faunas of West America ace perhaps the most isolated on the surface of the globe; yet, if we knew the ancestry of each specific form, we might find some first appearing with man en this planet, others first living even in historic times, others tracing their descent from remote periods, and it may be very distant localities, in the ages of the Miocene, possibly even of the Eocene oceans. These suppositions are not set forth as theories, but simply to guard against interpretations of facts based on conclusions which may be only the results of our necessarily imperfect information. 123. With regard to forms offering local peculiarities sufficient to dis- tinguish them from correlative forms offering equal peculiarities in some other fauna, we are by no means warranted in assuming that these have sprung from different creations. - If a race of men, migrating to a new continent, in a very few generations, or even in the next, develope an essentially different physique, it is fair to conclude that molluses, borne by a change of currents to a distant region, or steadily migrating to the extreme limit of their con- ditions of life, will also change their appearance. If the publication of the *¢ Darwinian Theory ” has had no other effect, it has at least checked the pro- pensity to announce “new species” for differences which may fairly be re- garded as varietal. It must also be borne in mind, that if the views of Mr. Darwin be only a theory, such also is the name required for the prevalent opinion of separate creations for all diverse forms. What indeed can we possibly know of the mode of original creation of a single species? We can only prove that one or the other supposition best explains a certain class of facts. It is not necessary for a working naturalist to commit himself to an exclusive belief in either of these theories. He may perhaps best explain some facts by the doctrine of separate creation, others by that of natural selection. In either case it is his duty to trace-out, as far as possible, the limits as well as the powers of variation in every living form, and to guard against seeing that only which accords with his pr evailing belief. 124. The study of Kuropean shells, as they exist in Norway, i in Britain, in the Mediterranean, at the Canaries, or as they appear at different depths and stations in our own seas, still more as they occur in the widely separated periods of the later and middle tertiary ages, is an excellent preparation for the examination of either recent or fossil faunas in districts where our know- ledge is fragmentary and unconfirmed. It may be safely stated that there are, in the American waters, many tropical forms from the West Indies and the Pacific shores, some temperate forms from California and the Atlantic, and many sub-boreal species in the Vancouver district and the European seas, not differing from each other more or even so much as forms universally allowed by malacologists to have had a common origin from Britain and the Mediterranean, from the Red and the Coralline Crag. 125. It is interesting to observe that, notwithstanding the probable con- nexion of the oceans through the Rocky Mountains during the Miocene age, there is extremely little similarity between the special temperate faunas of East and West America. Not a single species has yet been proved identical, and the allied forms are but few in number. They appear as follows :— Califorman species. U. S. Atlantic species. Clidiophora punctata, C. trilineata (? =nasuta), Lyonsia Californica. L. (hyalina= )Floridana, Macoma inconspicua. M. fusca. Angulus modestus, A. tener. Raeta undulata, R. canaliculata, 167 682 © nerort—1] 869, Californian species. U.S. Atlantic species Liocardium substriatum, L. Mortoni. Juunatia Lewisil. L. heros. Nassa mendica. N. trivittata. Amyela (species), Anyela (species). 126. When, however, we approach the region in which boreal and sub- boreal forms occur, many species are found in common, and between others there is but shght difference. Yet even here there are more British than New England species in the West-coast fauna, As might be expected, the British species are for the most part those which are also found fossil, and therefore have had time to diffuse themselves widely over the hemisphere. It ts, however, remarkable that many Crag species have reached Eastern Asia and West America which are not found in Grand Manan and New England, It is also extraordinary that certain special generic forms of the Crag, as Aeila, Miodon, Verticordia, and Solariella, reappear in the North Pacitie*. When seeking for an explanation of so remarkable a connexion between faunas widely removed in space and time, the correlative fact must be borne in mind, that the northern drift?, so widely diffused over Europe and Eastern America, has not yet been traced in the western region. The following Table exhibits, not only the identical but the similar species be- longing to the northern faunas of the Atlantic and Pacific. In the Asiatie column, K denotes that the species occurs in the Kamtschatka region, J in Japan. In the second column, V signifies the Vancouver district, C the Cali- fornian, and I the Sta. Barbara group of islands. The species marked F are also fossil. In the third column, C denotes the Coralline, R the Red, and M the Mammaliferous Crag. The fourth contains the species living in the British seas; the fifth, on the American side of the Atlantic, Gv. standing for Greenland. Kast Asia, West America, Crag. British. | B. America. | K | V Rhynconella psittacea ..| (Pleistocene) |psittacea —_psittacea _ VC Xylotrya pennatifera,... ao ipennatifera -— — V_Xylotrya timbriata...... — jtimbriata — _ VC Zirphea crispata ...... CRM ae erispata iN VC Saxicava pholadis ...... CRM pholadis — |pholadis J VC Glycimeris generosa ....| Faujasii, C R — —_ -- V_ Sphewnia ovalis ........|'? Binghami’ {| Binghami — JK Vs Mya truncata .......0.. CRM truncata {truncata J, lata | Vo Macoma inquinata......} lata, RM [proxima —_|proxima,&e Kx V_ Serripes Greenlandicus . . RM —_ Groenland. K VI Venericardia borealis. ... — =- borealis _ V_ Astarte (compacta) .... compressa, R M compressa jcompressa -- V_— Miodon prolongatus ..../ corbis, C R — —_— _ IF Lucina borealis ........ CRM _ borealis — _ I Cryptodon flexuosns .... C flexuosus a= China [I Verticordia 9-costata....} cardiiformis,C) = — = — VC Kellia suborbicularis .,. . CR suborbicul. * Whether there be any similar correspondence in the Polyzoa is not yet known, Mr, Busk not having had time to complete his examination, + See, in this connexion, a very accurate Table of the species which travel round Cape Cod, with their distribution in existing seas and over different provinces of the ravious drift-formations in the Old and New World, by Sanderson Smith, in Aun. Lye, Nat. Hist. N. York, vol. vii. 1860, p. 166. ¢ From the Coralline Crag. Looks more like ovadis, 168 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTIT AMERTCA, \ East Asia. West America. J VC Lasea rubra Retarge chal cess | TS WV'O Mytilus iedilis 0.5...) — VC Modiola modiolus ...... | — V = Modiolaria marmorata .. aw K Vs Modiolaria levigata ... i —_ I Crenella decussata...... JK Wo SIN icullantemuise cu ants.ctes e insignis, &e.| VC IF Acila castrensis ... OKs V Yoldia lanceolata ...... — Vs hedsimunute sce... — I Limiea subauriculata... — VC Hinnites giganteus ... (Asia) | V Limnea palustris ..... — VC Cylichna attonsa ...... }; — V _ Haminea hydatis ...... — VC Dentalium Indianorum, J K,ceca | V Lepeta cecoides ..... — V_ Margarita helicina...... _ V Margarita ?Vahlii..... —_— V = Mesalia lacteola....... — Vite GnCUNEevINCha eeu cice ee: K(turricula))V Bela fidicula ......... — V Bela excurvata ........ — VC Sealaria Indianorum ... K V. Velutina levigata ..... K VV. Natica clausa..... Sac ane V CI Eulima micans. V_ Cerithiopsis tubercularis VI Triforis adversus ..... CL Erato columbella VC Purpura saxicola ..... V Chrysodomus lratus... Vv ee a Trophon multicostatus . . Cobboldix, RM ‘N . 4,o r \ Cortesyi, C eylindracea,CR turricula, R Trevelliana, Ri) polita, CR Maugerie, C R PCRM CR CRM RM RM C M entale, M M M R C C British, rubra edulis modiolus marmorata nigra decussata tenuis caudata subauricul. palustris attonsa hydatis entale (ceca, Nor.) helicina vineta turricula Trevelliana communis levigata (Norway) micans tubercularis adversus lapillus (Norway) 683 Wy America.| edulis modiolus marmorata lev gata elanduia tenuis lanceolata minuta palustris striolatum | creca, Gr. helicina Vahlii, Gr. lactea, Gy. vineta turricula levigata clausa (W.1I.) lapillus 10-eostatus Gunneri | 127. The following species (besides others dredged by Mr. A. Adams, but not yet determined) have been found on both the Asiatic and American shores of the N. Pacific, in addition to those recorded by Middendorff, v. Brit. Assoc. e)ede 223. Report, p. Terebratella Coreanica. Waldheimia Californica, Waldheimia pulvinata. Waldheimia Grayi. Glycimeris generosa. Schizotherus Nuttallii. Solen sicarius. Sanguinolaria Nuttallii. Tellina Bodegensis. Cardium modestum. Amusium caurinum, Placunanomia macroschisma, Crepidula grandis, Drillia inermis. Lunatia pallida. Priene Oregonensis, Cerostoma foliatum. Siphonalia Kellettii. 128. The Vancouver and Californian districts have so many characteristic species in common (111 out of 492), that they must be regarded as con- stituting one fauna, differing as do the British and Mediterranean regions. Full particulars as to the range of the different species may be expected in Dr. Cooper’s Report to the Californian Geological Survey. One fact must, however, be here specially noted, viz. the great peculiarity of the island-fauna. Although the Sta. Barbara group are so near the mainland, the dredge has oD D F : dD not only produced many species not known on the continent, but also man y ) > 169 C84 REPORT—1863. before considered as essentially tropical. Along with these are not only some species of types hitherto regarded as almost exclusively Asiatic, as Verticordia, Solariella, and Fulvia modeséa, but also some which belong to the sub-boreal distrizt, as Lucina borealis, Venericardia borealis, and Crenella decussata. The latter belongs to the British, and not to the N. England form. 129. Ofthe blending of the temperate and tropical faunas on the peninsula of L. California we are still in ignorance. All we know is, that at Margarita Ray the shells are still tropical, and that at Cerros Island they are strangely inter- mixed. There is pectliarevidence of connexion between the faunas of the penin- sula and of 8. America, not only in the land-shells (v. antea, p. 630), but in some of the marine forms. Beside identical species with wide range, as many Ca- lyptracids, the following are coordinate between the North and South Pacific: — Upper and Lower California. | South America. vetastoma Darwinii. N. Darwinii. Solecurtus Californianus. S. Dombeyi. Semele rupium. - (Ditto, Galapagos.) Callista va;. puella. C. pannosa. Chama pe laptdn. C: palltieida: Tiocardium substriatum. L. Elenense. Axinzwa (Barbarensis. ) : A. intermedia. Verticordia novemcostata. V. ornata. TPecten vequisulcatus. : P. ventricosus. Siphonaria thersites. S. lateralis, &e. Tonicia lineata. T. lineolata. Acmiea patina. A. scutum, D’ Orb. 9 ay 6 Oran, ” See See Chlorostoma funebrale. C. meestum. Mitra maura. M. maura. Ranella Californica. R. ventricosa. Priene Oregonensis. P. cancellata. Trophon multicostatus. T. Magellanicus. Time and space do not avail for pointing out further relations with exotic faunas; which indeed will be performed with greater correctness after Dr. Cooper shall have published his complete lists. 130. For the sake of avoiding the inconvenience of trinomial nomenclature, the subgeneric and varietal names have often been cited in this Report instead of the generic and specific, in order that the exact form of the shell quoted might be more quickly determined. The diagnoses of all the new species here tabulated are written for the press, and will shortly appear in the dif- ferent scientific journals. Additional specimens will probably prove several forms to be conspecific which are here treated as distinct. In the present state of the science, absolute certainty is not to be attained. The object of the writer* has been principally to bring together the works of his prede- cessors, and so to arrange and describe the new materials that those who continue his labours may be able to draw their own conclusions from existing data. In order to facilitate reference, a brief index is here given of the subject-matter of the former and of the present Reports. * The best thanks of the writer are due to Hugh Cuming, Esq., for the free use of his collection ; to Messrs. H. & A. Adams, Hanley, Reeve, and Sowerby, for aid in identifying specimens ; to the officers and naturalists connected with the Smithsonian Institution ; to Dr. A. A. Gould, for very valuable corrections ; and generally to authors and friends, who have kindly rendered him all the assistance in their power. He earnestly invites criticisms on the subject-matter of the two Reports ; in order that they may be embodied, and errors corrected, in the Manuals of the West-Coast Mollusea which he has undertaken to prepare for the Smithsonian Institution. Warrington, dug. 22nd, 1864, Geon, Aug ? 170 685 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page in Paragraph. Fee I een i, 1-5. Physical Condition of West America... eee S-slog 6-12. Errors respecting Habitat .. sos ose ese soo LOZ 13-21. Errors of Nomenclature “66 nes IGE ese 22. Table of Localities.. ee aa eELOTi eet Ola 23. Table of collectors. E Darly, Writers: Linneus, Solander, Martyn, Chemnitz, Dixon, Dombey, on ee Dillwyn, Lamarck, Swainson ... i 168 517 24. Humboldt and Bonpland (Valenciennes) _ ee Oo 521 25. Voyage of ‘Coquille:* Lesson... ae Bee Senne lndies 521 26. Eschscholtz.. e see seen tlie O21 27. Tankerville Catalogue : Zoological ‘Journal... Seema 522 28. Voyage of ‘ Blossom ’ Beechey, Belcher oa Soro 522 29. Wood’s ‘ Index Testaceologicus’ and Supp'ement Boel SW Reh age: ES . 30. Voyage of ‘ Astrolabe’ : Quoy and Gaimard Nas Goo liulentes 31. Voyage of ‘ Adventure’ and ‘Beagle’: King ... 179... 524 32. Hugh Cuming’s Researches ate aan eae ou TOs | Sees)? Orbigny’ 8 S. America see Wes nee 3 189 - 34. Botta Bae coe eee ae RO eas 35. Blainville’s Purpure eae ate ees eee Se SOY es 36. Guérin’s Magasin: Duclos “ee nog IIE ack: Hae 37. Voyage of ‘ Beagle’: Darwin (see “also p. 359) .. Reno 2, 38. Lady Katherine Douglas (afterwards Wigram).. seem 525 89. Nuttall; Conrad ... oe utOLOot +, O20 t 40. Voyage ‘of ‘ Bonite’: Eydoux and ‘Souleyet aes Ape PAO) Wi i Als i ‘Venus’: Deshayes, Valenciennes ... cee OMe (O28 42. ‘ Sulphur’: iH d sy ets. 500 ae coe) POLE Moen O29 43. U.S. Exploring Expedition ; Gould... 000 see 2UOW fonsl O20 44. Middendorff 500 see 214A Fe 532 45. Voyage of ‘ Samarang’ : dams aad Reave iu Ow ee bo hi 46. E. B. Philippi... 224 .... O34 47. Mexican-War Natura! ist, Rich and Green: also Jewett 225 . dot 48, 49. Melchers; Menke .. , rs OB i uaee: 50. Kellett and Wood ; Forbes | ae nee 239) Vis. OAL 51. Reigen; Br. Mus. Mazatlan Catalogue Ee 241 542 | §2, 110. Conrad on Wilson’s shells 2 264 .... 634 f| 53. Jay’s Catalogue... oes cee 265 .,.. 548 54. C.B B. Adams : Panama Catalogue Bae eee See ZOOM eer tO LO 55. Br. Mus. Catalogues Veneridie . Eck we eeueol 553 56. Sailor’s Collection . 30 ace els Re ZO 554 67, 98. Gould’s Collection ... ees nee Ses Na 233 554 b 58. Bridges. wae ace 284 554 i 59. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 285 554 60. Sowerby ; ‘ Conchological Illustrations’ 288 509 61. is ‘Thesaurus Conchyliorum’ and ‘ Malacological Magazine’ 288 i. 561 » Sowerby’s ‘ Genera’ : : Reeve’s ‘ Conchologia Systematica’ inte POOL 62. Reeve’s ‘ Conchologia [conica’ Hae Toe 562 63. Kiener, ‘ Coquilles Vivantes’ 293 563 64, 65. German authors; ee Menke, Philippi, ’ Kister, 4 Dunker BES ao, El ty 66. British Museum Collection DOO aces) (Oe | 67. Cumingian Collection ieee 68. Various European sources : Bose, Lesson, Gray, “Wood- ward, Hanley, Journ. de Conch., Chenu, Duclos, Deshayes aes aa 297 575 69, 121. General Table of the Western Faunas ... a 297 10, 71. Isolation from other Provinces ... ese een .. 346 72, 73. Boreal and Sitcha District Nes oAT 74-76. Fauna of Oregon and Upper California ... 348 635 ; 97, 78. 3 Lower California; 8. dee 8. Pedro, S. 5. Juan, ) La Paz, Guaymas 5 350 79-83. Tropical Fauna; Galapagos eee eas es ODS 84-87, 122. Gen gecicon with other Faunas ... a Secu ipieeet room 680 a aptaeeaaia eimaatl 7A 636 REPORT—1863. Page in ae Si 1. Report IT. 8. Land and Freshwater Shells eee eee eee aes ON) 0. Polyzoa... ae dee Re 367 91, 120. Fossil Species; U. Ss. Expl. ‘Exp... eee 367 679 90, 92. Conclusion of First Report valk BOMi Mess 93. Smithsonian Institution ; Collections and Public: ApOne!, lee ena 94. N. Pacific Exploring Expedition ; Se Gould"... OU, 95. U.S. Japan Expedition; Jay... ee 587 96. A. Adams; Japan.. 2 fies eee 588 97. Pacific Railroad Reports; Blake's Fossils Osc is sis 588 98. 3 os Gould’s Shells 283 592 Oo: Gs e Newberry’s Fossils... eiots 593 100. - a Antisell’s Fossils es 594 101. W. Cooper’s Shells sever: Ys Sy seeey ROO 102. U. 8. N. Pacific “Boundary Survey ; Kennerley .. saess PROOL 103. Brit. ; Lord, Lyall, "Forbes sii cee 003 104. Californian State Geological Survey; J. G. aeecees cP: ) Sete OUT, 105, Cape St. Lucas Shells; Xantus 2. 016 106. Neeah Bay, Vancouver, &.; Swan ts ase aes tees, OZ 107. Farallone Islands ... ae cc aoa taf A Mh osweeee a sOLS 108. J. G. Cooper’s Land Shells : Bland. sess ae seit eee 1HOZO 109. Land Shells of Lower California Sosps eon, OOO, 110. Californian Naturalists: Trask, Newcomb, Rowell, Gabb, Remond . senile wee KOOL 111. Various American publications sey ese, OSD 112. General Table of the Vancouver and Californian Fauna -- 635 115. Additional Shells from Lower California and the Gulf; Cerros Island, Margarita Bay, La Paz,Guaymas_... ... ... +664 114. Additional Shells of Tropical Fauna; Acapulco, Real Llejos, Panama gee) S22, 000 115. General List of Land, Freshwater, and "Marine Pulmo- nates; Binney . : : , z.-,, 669 116. Paludinide, &e. ; ; Binney .. ee wes aes aoe see ORG: 117. Melaniade ; Binney ee Roe aes ae see soo 1007 118. Unionide; Lea ... nee See ses a oe ees OLE 119. Cyrenidz; Prime . aes se ee so) 4 eke TOL 91,120. Tertiary Fossils... ese sae sea SOF ase TO 69, 121. Corrections of General Table ; Pe ‘ ss tZOnl BeOS) 84, 122. Comparison with other Faunas ... ees 902 2. 1680 125. Local peculiarities ... es oc oes sea! soaclegne OSL 124. Comparative study of European Fauna ... a sonk eaeiies OO 125. Comparison with Eastern American Fauna... onoil iefesbeaiansuOON 126. Comparison with the Crag Fossils as Bee dear Uipccke tase OSS 127. Comparison with Asiatic Shells... aes ect esol islesodicees SADC 128. Peculiarities of the Island Fauna osc, Wess, | wert HOC 129. Comparison of the West Coast of N. and §. America |. i. ws. 684 130. Explanation of Nomenclature... ... was!) leash use! (OG 172 REWV.LE W OF PROF, C. B. ADAMS'S CATALOGUE OF THE SWELLS OF PANAMA, FROM THE TYPE SPECIMENS. BY PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., Pu. D. From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 339-369, June 23, 1863. (173 ) Review or Pror. C. B. Apams’s ‘CATALOGUE OF THE SHELLS +. or PanaMA’*, FROM THE Tyre SreciMENS. By Puiuie P, Carpenter, B.A., Pu.D. A résumé of this important contribution to our knowledge of local faunas, and a comparison with the British Museum ‘ Descriptive Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca,’ is given in the ‘Report of the British Association’ for 1856, pp. 265-281. Full series of the old species, and the first specimens of the new, were deposited by Prof. Adams in the Museum of Amherst College, which also contains similar series of the Professor’s Caribbean col- lections. The second specimens of new species were sent to Mr. Cuming, and through his kindness were freely used in preparing the Mazatlan Catalogue, thus avoiding the necessity of many syno- nyms. An instructive lesson in candour and forbearance may be learnt by comparing together the works of any two naturalists of equal celebrity, or by comparing either of them with the types. With the best desires for accuracy, and the greatest care, it is hardly possible for an author to describe so that his readers shall see shells as he sees them. If this be true of such full and precise diagnoses as those of Adams and Gould, how much greater must be the diffi- culty to foreigners of recognizing shells from the brief descriptions of Broderip, Lamarck, and the older writers generally. ‘The careful * Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama; with Notes on their Synonymy, Station, and Geographical Distribution: by C. B. Adams, Professor of Zoolozy, &c., n Amherst College, Mass, Reprinted from the ‘Annas of Lyceum or Nat. Hist. N. Y.,’ vol. v. New York, 1832. 178 2 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. preservation of types therefore, and the interchange of specimens named from types, is of the first impor tance to save the time and ensure the accuracy of succeeding writers. The Smithsonian Insti- _ tution has fully recognized this principle by directing that the first available duplicate of all type species described from its collections shall be deposited in some museum open to students on the other side of the Atlantic. As the authorities of Amherst College had not taken any steps to figure their uniqne specimens, and as Prof. Adams’s determina- tions af old species had not been verified, [ made it my business (when visiting America to deposit the first duplicate series of the Mazatlan Shells in the New York State Museum at Albany) to com- pare Prof. Adams’s collection, on the spot, with his published book, m my copy of which I made my notes and sketches at the time. Every facility was afforded me by the Curator. I was allowed freely to handle the specimens in the presence of his assistant, and to draw the minute species under my microscope. —_ I took with me for com- parison the drawings of the minute Mazatlan shells in the British Museum. The species being numbered in both the Panama and the Mazatlan lists, it is easy now ‘to institute a comparison between them. They are here distinguished by the initials P. and M. P. 1. Ovula avena. May be distinct from Radius variabilis, M.,435, being much more stumpy, with a thicker lip; but the few specimens are in poor condition, and the differences may be accidents of station. 2. Ovula emarginata=Carinea e. Quite distinct from its Carib- bean analogue C. gibbosa. 3. Ovula neglecta, C. B. Ad., is probably a small variety of Ra- dius variabilts. 4. Ovula variabilis, C. B. Ad.= Radius v., M. 435. 5. Ovula, sp. ind., probably =variabilis, jun. 6. Cyprea arabicula= Aricia a., M. 438. 7. Cyprea cervinetta=C. exanthema, M. 436. Taving now examined a multitude of specimens from different stations on the west coast, which differ from each other quite as much as they do from the typical Caribbean forms, I am confirmed in the belief of their identity. 8. Cyprea punctulata=dricia p. Erroneously given, in M. p- 374, asa probable synonym of 4. arabicula. It is less thickened at the sides, with smaller spots. Although specimens of arabicula graduate into it at the back, it may always be known by the mouth, which has its teeth much further apart. 9. Cyprea pustuluta=Trivia p., M. 439. 176 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 3 10. Cyprea radians=Trivia r., M. 440. ll. Cyprea rubescens=dead sp. of Trivia sanguinea, M. 442. 12. Cyprea sanguinea= Trivia s., M. 442. 13. Erato scabriuscula. Stet. 14. Marginalla minor. Stet, M. 587. 15. Marginella sapotilla. The Panama specimens collected by Prof. Adams, and abundantly by others, more closely resemble M. prunum than the type M. sapoti/a of Hinds, which is a much smaller shell. The Caribbean shells (which are found across the Isthmus at Aspinwall) differ omly im having a sharper angle in the labrum at the posterior notch. Adanson’s habitat, doubted by Prof. Adams (note, p. 41), is confirmed by specimens in the Bristol Institution brought from Sierra Leone by Chief Justice Rankine. The Pacific shells are probably conspecific, sufficient evidence being now in our possession that the two oceans were united at least as late as the Miocene epoch*. 16. Mitra funiculata. Stet. 17. Mitra lens, M. 585. 18. Mitra nucleola. Closely resembling young specimens of the Caribbean M. granulosa. 19. Mitra solitaria, C. B. Ad.=Zierliana s. Other specimens have since been found of this characteristic species. The “ trans- verse ribs’ can scarcely be said to be ‘‘ obsolete anteriorly.” 20. Mitra tristis=Strigatella t., M. 586. 21. Terebra elata=Myurella e. 22. Terebra larveformis=Myurella 1. 23, 24. Stent. 25. Terebra tuberculosa= Myurella t. 26. Terebra varicosa. This may possibly be a very young speci- men of Suéu/a v.; but I think it distinct. 27-31. Sp. ind. A specimen of Luryta fulgurata, M. 455, is in the museum, as from Panama, but not of Prof. Adams’s collecting. 32. Olwa angulata, M. 590. * The specimens in the Cumingian Museum, named M. cerulescens at the time of the British Association Report, are now labelled ‘‘ sapotilla, Hds., 5-13 fathoms sandy mud, Panama, H. C.” Another set of Pacific shells (notch-angle rounded) are given as ‘“ Marginella n. s., Panama,” ‘San Domingo” having been erased. The large West Indian form (notch-angle sharp) is given as ‘‘ cewrulescens, var., Lam., 10 fathoms sandy mud, Panama.” Another set of large shells, with sharp angle, and labrum tinted behind, is given as ‘‘ cerulescens, Lam., Panama,” but without authority. The small West-Indian form (like the typical sapo/illa) is given as “glans, Mke.” Either in this, as in other instances, error has crept into the locality-marks, or else even the distinction pointed out by Mr. Redfield (who has given peculiar study to this genus) cannot be relied on for separating the spe- e1.s geographivally, 12 177 4 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 33. Oliva araneosa=O. meichersi, M. 591. Prof. Adams’s shanty specimen can scarcely be distinguished from that which he marked “OQ. literata, Alabama.” But the ordinary aspect of the shells O. reticularis trom the Caribbean Islands, O. /iterata trom the coast of the Southern States, and O. me/chersi trom the Pacific, is sutticieutly distinct (for the genus). 34. Oliva inconspicua, C. B. Ad.= Olivella i., M2599. Some of the shells referred to this species from Panama, Mazatlan, and Cape St. Lucas graduate into the Caribbean O. oryza ; others’into dwarf forms of O. gracilis. The species either needs revision from fresh specimens, or should be merged into O. gracilis. 35. Oliva pellucida, C. B. Ad. Dead specimen; differs from Olivella p., Rve. 36. Oliva porphyria. Stet. 37. Oliva semistriata=Olivella s. Closely resembles O. colu- mellaris. 38. Oliva testacea= Agaronia t., M. 602. 39. Oliva undatella= Olivella u., M. 595. 40. Oliva venulata. This shanty specimen is O. angulata, jun. The O. venulata, M. 593, is named by Prof. Adams O julietta, as also by Mke. (non Duel.). The true O. ju/ietta (Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths.) is the Pacific ‘‘analogue”’ of O. fusiformis. 41. Oliva volutella= Olivella v. It is surprising that this species, so immensely common at Panama and up the coast, should not reach the Gulf, and that the equally common O. ¢ergina of Mazatlan and O. gracilis of Cape St. Lucas and Acapulco should be rare elsewhere, while the larger Olives are found from Guaymas to the equator. O. dama (=lineolata, Gray, C. B. Ad.), abundant at Mazatlan, was bought, not collected, by the Professor at Panama. 42 Planaxis planicostata. Stet. Also immensely common at Panama, though absent trom Mazatlan. 43. Nassa canescens, C. B. Ad. Taving compared this unique specimen with P. 50, q. v., I can speak to their complete identity. The “pale grey”’ of the ‘‘interspaces”’ is due to the shell being dead. 44, 45. Stent. 46. Nassa gemmulosa=M. 631, exactly. 47. Stet. 48. Nassa luteostoma=M. 623. 49. Nassa nodifera. Also found at Guaymas. 50. Nassa pagodus, C. B. Ad. (+N. canescens, P. 43) = N. (? nagodus, var.) acuta, M. 625. It is certainly the N. decussata oi Kien., but probably not of Lam, Whether it is the Triton pago- dus cf Rye. I am still unable to say, the type being apparently lost. We are bound to suppose that Mr. Reeve could not mistake so de- 178 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 5 cided a Nassa for a Triton; so that if Lamarck’s is a similar Easte-n species, the West American may stand as N. acuta. 21. Nassa panamensis, C.B. Ad. The Professor rightly marked his duplicates “‘ewilis, Pws.’ This abundant shell, having a Pisa- noid, not a Nassoid operculum, probably belongs to Phos, Northia, | or some genus not yet elimfnated. N. obsoleta, Say, has a similar L operculum, and appears nearly related. i 02. Nassa provima. The unique specimen appears to be an ex- treme form of WN. versicolor, P. 55. 53. Nassa ? scabriuscula, C. B. Ad. (non Pws.)=N. complanata, Pyws.: Vv. b.00. | 54. Nassa striata, C. B. Ad. The two type specimens, one young, the other adult, both belong to a variety of versicolor. The phrase, | “last whorl spirally canaliculate on the left side,’ simply expresses the ordinary character of Nassa. The specimens in Mus. Cuming., however, from another source, differ somewhat in the nucleus from the small form of N. versicolor. These= N. paupera, Glid., teste Cuming, and should take that name. 55. Nassa versicolor, C. B. Ad., M. 632. The revolving striz vary so greatly in this species, as well as the size, obesity, and colour, that it is hard to assign its limits. The specimens marked versicolor by the Professor vary much more among themselves than the ex- treme ones do from his proxwma and striata. The apex and early whorls of each are exactly the same under the microscope. It is pos- sible that the unique crebristriata, M. 633, is also an extreme variety. Se 56. Nassa wilsont appears to be only a dwarf form of P. 53, N. complanata. 57. Buccinum crassum= Phos ec. 58. Buceinum distortum= Clavella d. 59. Buccinum insigne= Pisania i., M. 659. 60. Buccinum lugubre, C. B. Ad. The Professor marked this shell on his card “ Murex? ?”; then “ Fusus?”’: then “ Fusus nodu- losus, Ad.,n.s.”; then “ Buccinum (?) lugubre, Ad., n.s.’; so that the old genera were sometimes as badly defined as the new ones. It may rank with Pisania. 61. Buccinum pagodus = Pisania p. 62. Buccinum pristis=Northia serrate. 63. Buccinum ringens= Pisania r.. M. 663. 64. Buccinum sanguinolentum= Pisania s., M. 662. 65. Buccinum stimpsonianum=WNassa st. 66. Dolium ringens= Malea r. 67. Monoceros brevidentatum. This species, very common at Panama, has been transported over (not through) the Pacific, to San Francisco and Monterey v. P page 73. 179 6 DN. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 68. Monoceros cingulatum= Leucozonia c., M. 583. 69. Purpura carolensis=P. triangularis, M. 608. 70. Purpura foveolata= Cuma costata, M. 610, probably; but the markings have been too much obliterated to decide with confidence. 71. Purpura kiosquiformis=Cuma k., M. 609. There are in the collection three shells, labelled by the Professor ‘“P. purpuroides (Fusus), Orb., Panama” = Pisania d’orbignyi, Rve. No authority is given, and they probably came from Peru. 72. Purpura, sp. ind. This shell is not to be found. It has probably been put with the last, of which it is no doubt a variety : v. M: p.,482. 73. Purpura melo. Stet. 74. Purpura osculans appears to be the young of Rhizocheilus nux, M. 611; of which R. distans, Cpr., and probably LR. calzfor- nicus, A. Ad., are only varieties. . Purpura tecta=Cuma t. . Purpura undata=P. biserialis, M. 606. SJ SIS NS Or . Columbella atramentaria= Anachis a. ST CO . Columbella bicanalifera=Strembina b. NS] oS . Columbella boivinit. This species must rank with (dnachis or) Engina*, the operculum being Pisanoid. 50. Columbella conspicua= Anachis c. 81. Columbella costellata, C. B. Ad. =Anachis scalarina, Sby., M. 645; not A. costellata, Sby., M. 646. 82. Columbella diminuta=Anachis d. 83. Columbella dorsata=Strombina d. 84. Columbella fluctuata= Anachis fi. 85. Columbella fulva=Anachis f., M. 648. 86. Columbella fuscata, M. 617. The small var. is C. festiva, Kien. 87. Columbella gibberula=Strombina g. 88. Columbella gracilis=Anachis g. 89. Columbella guttata=WNitidella cribraria, M. 613. 90, 91, 92. Stent. 93. Columbella lyrata=Anachis | 94. Columbella major, M. 615. 95. Columbella modesta=Truncaria m. It might be convenient to leave this genus as arranged by Messrs. H. and A. Ad. Mr. Henry Adams desires to restrict it to the type species, in which * Of the shells called by French authors Semi-Ricinula. those with a Purpuroid operculum may be retained as Sistrum, while those with Pisanoid operculum should be removed as Engina, with Anachis, to the Muricida. 180 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 7 cease this and similar species must be moved to Nifedella, if the oper- culum be (as is presumed) Purpuroid ; or to dmyela, if Nassoid. 96. Columbella masta== Anachis m. 97 Columbella nigricans= Anachis n. 98. Columbella parva. This appears to be only a dead specimen of C. pygmea, P. 100. 99. Columbella pulchrior is probably a Nitidella. 100. Columbella pygmea= Anacnis p., M. 051. 101. Columbella rugosa=Anachis r. ‘Vhis appears to be the commonest and most variable species of the genus. The typical specimens are somewhat stumpy, with stout knobs. Then the knobs pass into long, compressed ridges, and finally change into narrow bars. ‘These are wide apart, or close, or nearly evanescent ou the back. The shape passes from the stumpy to an acuminate form like costellata. Some adults are more than twice the size of others; but the same variations are found in both extremes. The colours are generally laid on in patches on the knobby specimens; in fine flames, on the smoother ones. In all varieties, it is known from fiuctuata by the spiral strize over the whole surface ; and from varia by the shoulder, more or less developed into a keel, on the whorls of the spire. 102. Columbella strombiformis, M. 616. 103. Columbella tessellata, C. B. Ad. (non Gask.) = Anachis gua- temalensis, Rve. 104. Columbella turrita=Strombina t. 105. Columbella varia = Anachis v. 106. Columbella sp. ind. is the young of a species in Mus. Cuming., resembling harpeformis. 107 Ricinula carbonaria=Engina ec. 108. Ricinula jugosa may be an Engina, but has more the aspect of the Pacific group Peristernia. 109. Ricinula reeviana=Engina pulchra, Rve. 110. Cassis abbreviata=Bezoardica a. On comparing a large series of specimens from Cape St. Lucas with a similar series of C. inflata from Texas, I was unable to discover any specific differences. It varies greatly, from each ocean, in painting, sculpture, height of spire, &c. 111. Cassis coarctata=Levenia ¢ 112, 1135, 114(=M. 480), 1 16, 116.(= Me. 481), 117, 118* Cie 476), 119* (=M. 477), 120 (=M. 475), 121, 122 (=M. 381, galeatus), 123 (=M. 449), 124 (=M. 448), 125. Stent. * Having now examined a large number of specimens of these two forms, I have no hesitation whatever in regarding Conus regalitatis as simply a variety of C. purpurascens. Similar differences may be observed in comparing large series of almost all Cones, 181 g DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 126. Triton chemnitzii= Arygcbhucecnum nodosum, M. 580. These shells are small and turreted. ‘Those Prof. Adams marked “ 7’. cin- gulatum, Lam., EK. Indies,’? are much more like the Mazatlan shells, 127. Triton constrictus=Distortio c. The specimens of this group from the Pacific Coast, trom the Gulf of Mexico, and from the China Seas are very difficult to discriminate. 128. Triton fusoides. This unique and very elegant shell can scarcely be called a Triton, even of the Epidromus ‘type. It may perhaps rank with Huthria, but is peculiar in possessing a distinct anterior sinus, near the Eanal like Rostellaria. 129) ¥30, UT1324) 133, 1345, 135.’ Stents 136. Murex dubius=Muricidea dubia, M. 673. 137. Murex erosus= Muricidea e. 138. Murex radix=Phyllonotus r. The Professor’s specimens of this species are remarkably fine, more nearly resembling the Gulf nigritus than the heavy stumpy shells usually seen. lis yous specimens are heavier, but more turreted, than the young nigritus. The opercula appear to have fewer frills; but such differences may be due only to station. The specimens he marked ambiguus (with- out locality) belong to the typical nigritus. Phyllonotus radix and nigritus graduate ito each other almost as freely as the latter does luto ambiguus: v. M. 666. 13°. Murex rectirostris. This and kindred species run into each other too closely, when adult, to speak with any confidence on so young a specimen in bad condition. 140. Murex recurvirostris. This specimen is also far too imper- fect to affiliate: v. M. 665. 141. Murex regius=Phyllonotus r., M. 670. 142. Murex salebrosus=Vitularia s., M.612. The curious group of Muricoid Purpurids culminates on the West American shores. It is represented in the north temperate regions by Cerastoma, on the warmer shores by Chorus, and in the tropical regions by Vitularia. The Lower Californian Murer belcheri, Hds., belongs to the group. Dr. Alcock (who has succeeded the late Capt. Brown as Curator of the Manchester Natural History Museum) has pointed out very well- marked physiological distinctions between the two families, which are coordinate with the differences in the opercula. * Dr. Gray (Guide to Mollusca, pp. 39, 42) leaves the round-variced Ranellids, as Apollon, in the T’ritonide, “ operc. annular, nucleus subapical, within the apex ;” but removes the sharp-variced species, as Ranella, to the Cassidide, and figures the operculum like Bezoardica, ‘“ half- ovate, nucleus central, lateral, in- ternal.” The operculum of &. ceglata, No. 132, is almost identical with Murezx, and the shell accords with Apollon; but R. nitida, No. 134, which has very sharp varices, has its operculum widely removed from Sezoardica. It is closely related to that of Cerastoma, Rhizocheilus, and some of the Ocinebre; nucleus near the anterior end of the labrum; labral portions of the annular layers eroded ; scar as in Purpurids, with about thiee roughly angular ridges of growth, 182 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 9 143. Murex vibex. This Peruvian species also probably belongs to the Purpurid group. 144. Murex vittatus=Muricidea v. 145. (=M. 638), 146 (=M. 579). Stent. 147. Fusus bellus, C. B. Ad. This is a pretty little shell, resem- bling a young Me¢u/a, and is probably one of the species assigned with doubt to that genus, M. 619-622, or to Fusus, M.642. [should erase the words, ‘‘some of which are varicoid”’ (referring to the ra- diating ribs), as my glass did not enable me to detect a single one. 148. Fasciolaria granosa. A minute specimen is of the size and general appearance of the fry of Chrysodomus antiquus, with one and a half irregular nuclear whorls. An adult has its operculum broken and mended from a subcentral nucleas—a mode of proceeding which I have now observed in such a multitude of species belonging to dif- ferent families of Proboscidifers and Toxifers that I venture to assign it as the original type of their opercula, from which the special family forms are modifications of high development. Of the spiral Rostrifers there is not yet sufficient evidence to speak*. 149. Turbinella cestus, M. 581. 150. Turbinella custanea= Latirus c. 151. Turbinella cerata=Latirus c., M.582. 152. Turbinella rudis=Latirus r. 153. Turbinella spadicea= Latirus s. 154. Cancellaria affinis. Very closely allied to C. urceolatu, M. 445. 195; 156, 157 (=M. 446), 158, 159. Stent. 160. Cancellaria pygmea is simply a young specimen of C. g¢- niostoma, no. 157. 161, 162. Stent. 163. Pleurotoma aterrima=Drillia a. 164. Pleurotoma atrior. This is a fine specimen, not quite ma- ture in the lip, of Drillia aterrima, var. melchersi, M. 461. 165. Pleurotoma bicanalifera=Clathurella b. 166. Pleurotoma collaris=Drillia ce. 167. Pleurotoma concinna=Cithara ec. 168. Pleurotoma corrugata= Drillia c. 169. Pleurotoma discors=Drilliad. Probably a finely developed variety of aterrima. * When at Charleston, S. C., I had an opportunity of examining many very fine specimens of the giant Fasciolaria, so seldom seen in this country, of which a broken specimen in my collection measures 20 in. In sculpture, colour, and general appearance some were so very like /*. princeps, M. 584, that I was tempted to consider the latter a degraded iocai vanevy, uli 1 found the opeiculum, which is destitute of the singular grooving of the Gulf species. 183 10 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 170. Pleurotoma duplicata= briltva d. 171. Pleuretoma excentricu=Drilia e. I cannot endorse this and some other determinations of critical species of Pleurotomids, not being able to remove the specimens for comparison with types. Even the types in Mus. Cuming. do not always present satisfactory diagnostic characters. 172. Pleurotoma exigua=Mangelia e. I could not discover “the rest in pairs.” 173. Pleurotoma gemmulosa= Mangelia g. 174. Pleurotoma grandimaculata=Drillia g. 175. Pleurotoma incrassata=Drillia 7., M. 459. The collection contains D. luctuosa, M. 467, as trom Panama, but not of the Pro- fessor’s collecting. 176. Pleurotoma nigerrima= Drillia n. 177. Pleurotoma obeliscus=Drillia 0. Very worn and doubtful. 178. Pleurotoma olivacea. Closely resembles P. funiculata, M. 457. 179. Pleurotoma pallida=Drillia p, 186. Pleurotoma rigida=Clathurella r. 181. Pleurotoma rudis. It is probable that this is not the true Drillia rudis, being distinguished by white spots on the knobs: v. M. 460. 182. Pleurotoma rustica=Drillia aterrima, var. melchersi, M. 461. These specimens being very wern, their specific identity with P. 164 was not recognized by the Professor. One shell, marked ‘rustica, var.,”’ may be the true rustica—a species by no means satisfactorily distinguished. 183. Pleurotoma striosa=Drillia s. 184. Pleurotoma zonulata= Drillia z.. M. 463. 185. Pleurotoma, sp. a. A small, dark, purple-brown Mangelia, of the leufroy: type. 186. Pleurotoma, sp. b.